Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; ōō as in good;

circle of the same name. Lat. 50° 25' N., Lon. 25° 40′ E. Pop. about 5,700, of which a great number are Jews. (P. C.)

DU-BOIS', a Co. in the S. part of Ind., bordering on the E. fork of the White r. Pop. 3,632. Co. t. Jasper.

DU BUQUE, du book', [oo as in moon,] a co. in the E. part of Iowa, bordering on the Mississippi r. Pop. 3,059. Co. t. Dubuque.

DUCK RIVER, a r. in Tenn., which flows into the Tennessee r. from the E.

DUD-LEY, a t. of England, in Worcestershire, 26 m. N. N. E. of Worcester. This town derives its origin and name from Dodo, a Saxon prince, who built here a strong castle, about the year 700. The principal occupation of the inhabitants consists in the smelting and working of iron ore, with which the whole neighbourhood abounds, as well as with coal. Pop. 17,077.

DUISBURG, doo/-is-bŎŎRG', a t. belonging to the kingdom of Prussia, the cap. of a circle of the same name, situated near the right bank of the Rhine, which once washed its walls. It is said to derive its name from the Teutones, who had a camp on this spot; it was called, by the Romans, Castrum Deusonis. A forest, in the vicinity, is mentioned by Tacitus, under the name of Saltus Teutoburgensis. Duisburg has recently been declared a free port. Lat. 51°26′ N., Lon. 6° 46′ E. Pop. 4,400. (B.)

DUKE's, & co. of Mass., comprising Martha's Vineyard and the adjacent islands. Pop. 3,958. Co. t. Edgartown.

DULCE, RIO, ree/-o dool/-sà, or dool/-thà, a r. of S. America, in the republic of La Plata, which flows into the Lake of Porongos, in about 30° 10' S. Lat., and 62° W. Lon. The name Dulce (sweet) is given to it in contradistinction to the neighbouring salt rivers, the Salado and Saladillo (which see).

DULCIGNO, dool-cheen'-yo, sometimes written DOLCIGNO, (Anc. Oleinium; Turk. Ol-goon) a seaport t. of Albania, situated on the coast of the Adriatic. Lat. 41° 55' N., Lon. 19° 12′ E. The pop., according to Balbi, is about 2,000, but some other writers estimate it much higher.

DULWICH, dull-ich, a village of England, in the co. of Surrey, 5 m. S. E. of London, remarkable for a college founded by Edward Allen, a comedian, in the reign of James I., which was opened in 1619. A costly collection of pictures was added to the college in 1810, by the bequest of the late Sir Francis Bourgeois.

DUM-BAR-TON, a t of Scotland, the cap. of Dumbartonshire, is situ ated at the confluence of the Leven with the Clyde, 14 m. W. N. W. of Glasgow. It is defended by a strong castle, which is garrisoneu. Pop. 3,782.

DUM-BAR-TON-SHIRE, a maritime co. in the W. of Scotland, consist ing of two detached portions. Pop. 44,296.

DUMFRIES, dum-freece', a co. in the S. W. part of Scotland, bordering on Solway Frith. Pop. 72,830.

DUMFRIES, a t. of Scotland, cap. of the above co., and the seat of a

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. presbytery and synod, is beautifully situated on the r. Nith, about 9 m. from its influx into Solway Frith. Pop. 10,069.

DUN-BAR', a seaport t. of Scotland, in the co. of Haddington, situated at the mouth of the Frith of Forth, 27 m. E. by N. of Edinburgh. It has a secure harbour, which is defended by a battery. The name signifies the "Castle of Bar," and originated from its having been bestowed, in the 9th century, by Kenneth, king of Scotland, on Bar, a valiant captain who had signalized himself in the war against the Picts. Pop. 3,013.

DUN-DÅLK', a seaport t. of Ireland, the cap. of the co. of Louth, on a bay of the same name, 46 m. N. of Dublin. Pop. 10,078. (M.)

DUN-DEE', a seaport t. and royal burgh of Scotland, in the shire of Forfar, situated on the N. side of the Frith of Tay,* about 36 m. N. by E. of Edinburgh. This town is the chief seat of the British linen manufacture; the business commenced about the middle of last century, from which time to the present, its increase has been astonishing. Lat. 56° 27 N., Lon. 2° 58′ W. Pop. 60,553, exceeding that of 1831 by more than 15,000.

Dunfermeline, dum-fer'-lin, a manufacturing t. of Scotland, in Fifeshire, 15 m. N. W. of Edinburgh, and 24 m. N. of the Frith of Forth. Pop. of the parish, 20,217, of which 7,865 belong to the town.

DUN-GAN-NON, a t. of Ireland, in Tyrone co. Lat. 54° 31' N., Lon.

6° 46′ E.

DUNKELD, ordinarily pronounced dun-kell', a small t. of Scotland, in Perthshire, situated on the N. bank of the r. Tay, about 25 m. W. N. W. of Dundee. It is said to have been the capital of ancient Caledonia. Pop. 1,096.

DUN'-KIRK, (Fr. Dunkerque, dun'-kerk',) a seaport t. of France, in the dep. of Nord, about 150 m. N. of Paris. It is said to owe its origin to a chapel founded by St. Eloi, which, from its situation among the sandy downs of the coast, took the name of Dun-kirk, i. e. the "church of the downs." This place was declared a free port in 1816, which has considerably increased its commercial prosperity. By means of the canal of Furnes, it communicates with the several canals which intersect Belgium. Lat. 51° 2 N., Lon. 2° 23′ E. Pop. 25,000. (B.)

DU PAGE, a co. near the N. E. extremity of Ill., W. of Chicago. Pop. 3,535.

DU-PLIN, a co. in the S. E. part of N. C., intersected by the N. branch of Cape Fear r. Pop. 11,182. Co. t. Kenansville.

DURANCE, dü`-rånce', (Anc. Druen'tia,) a r. in the S. E. part of France, which flows into the Rhone a little below Avignon.

DURANGO, doo-rång'-go, a t. of Mexico, the cap. of a state of the same name, situated in a wide plain. Lat. about 24° 28′ N., Lon. 105° W. Pop. estimated at 25,000. (B.)

The name is not improbably a corruption of Dun-Tay, or the "Castle of the Tay." Buchanan calls it, in Latin, Taodunum, which is equivalent to Dun-Tay.

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mê, met; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õõ, as in good,

DURAZZO, doo-råt/-so, or DURAS, doo-rås, (Anc. Dyrrach'ium,) a t. on the coast of Albania, in European Turkey. Lat. 41° 19' N., Lon. 19 27' E. Pop. estimated at 5,000.

DU-REN, formerly called MARK-DÜREN, (the Marcodu/rum of the Romans,) a walled t. in the Prussian prov. of the Rhine, cap. of a circle of the same name, with flourishing_manufactures. Lat. 50° 46′ N., Lon. 6° 30′ E. Pop. near 6,000. (B.)

DUR-HAM, a co. in the N. E. part of England, bordering on the sea. Pop. 324,284.

DURHAM, a city of England, the cap. of the above, on the banks of the r. Wear, 67 m. N. N. W. of York. It is the seat of a university. Lat. 54° 46' N., Lon. 1° 34' W. Pop., including an area of 16 sq. m., 14,151.

DURLACH, doŎR/-låk, a t. of Germany, in the grand-duchy of Baden, cap. of a circle of its own name, formerly the residence of the Margraves of Baden, is situated about 4 m. Š. E. of Carlsruhe. Lat. 48° 59′ N., LON. 8° 30′ E. Pop. 4,400. (B.)

DUS-SEL-DORF, a t. of Germany, belonging to Prussia, the cap. of a circle of the same name, and, formerly, of the grand-duchy of Berg, is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, at the point where the Düssel flows into that river, whence the name Düsseldorf, i. e. "village of the Düssel." It was raised from the rank of a village to that of a municipal town, by Adolphus V., duke of Berg, in 1288. It is one of the best built and handsomest towns on the Rhine, and possesses a number of literary and scientific institutions, besides a public library, containing about 30,000 vols. Lat. 51° 14′ N., Lon, 6° 47 E. Pop. above 24,000. (B.)

DUTCH/-ESS, & Co. in the S. E. part of N. Y., E. of and bordering on the Hudson r. Pop. 52,398. Co. t. Poughkeepsie.

DU-VAL, a co. in the N. E. part of Florida, bordering on the sea. Pop. 4,156. Co. t. Jacksonville.

DUYVELAND, doi-vel-ånt, a small i. of Holland, forming a part of the prov, of Zealand, E. of Schouwen.

DWI-NA, (Russ. Dzwina or Dzvee/-nå,) a large r. in the N. of Russia, which rises in the government of Vologda, and, flowing northwesterly, empties itself into the White sea, below Archangel, by several mouths. Its whole length is computed at 736 m.; it is navigable for 240 m.

DY/-ER, a co. in the W. part of Tenn., bordering on the Mississippi r. Pop. 4,484. Co. t. Dyersburg.

DYL, generally written, and always to be pronounced, Dyle, a r. of Holland, which flows into the Scheldt, about 9 m. above Antwerp,

EARLY, er/-le, a co. in the S. W. part of Ga., bordering on the Chattahoochie r. Pop. 5,444. Co. t. Blakeley.

EAST INDIES. See INDIA.

EAST-ON, the cap. of Northampton co., Pa., situated at the influx of the Lehigh r. into the Delaware, opposite to the termination of the

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. Morris canal, about 50 m. in a straight line N. from Philadelphia. Pop. 4,865.

EAST-PORT, a port of entry of Maine, on quoddy Bay, near its junction with the sea. 56 W. Pop. about 2,000.

the W. side of PassamaLat. 44° 54′ N., Lon. 66°

EAST RIVER. See LONG ISLAND SOUND. EAST-VILLE, a port of entry of Va., cap. of Northampton co., 85 m. in a straight line E. by S. from Richmond.

EATON, a Co. in the S. part of Mich., bordering on Grand г. Pop. 2,379. Co. t. Bellevue.

E-BRO, (Sp. pron. à/-bro; Lat. Ibe'rus,) a r. of Spain, which rises at the foot of the Asturian mountains, in Old Castile, and, flowing in a south-easterly direction, falls into the Mediterranean, in about 40° 42′ N. Lat., and 0° 52′ E. Lon. Its whole course is above 400 m.

EccLOO, ek-klo', a t. of E. Flanders, 13 m. N. W. of Ghent. Pop. above 7,000. (B.)

ECIJA, à/the-Ha, a t. of Spain, in Andalusia, situated on the r. Genil (Ha-neel), a branch of the Guadalquivir, about 40 m. E. N. E. of Seville. Pop. 34,000. (P.C.)

66

ECUADOR, ek-wa-dore', (i. e. “ Equator," so named from its situation, being intersected, through its whole length, by the equinoctial line,) one of the three republics which, previously to 1831, constituted the republic of Colombia. (See COLOMBIA.) It is situated between 1° 36′ and 4° 55' S. Lat., and 70° 20′ and 81° W. Lon.*; bounded on the N. by New Granada, E. by Brazil, S. by Peru, and W. by the Pacific. The area is calculated at 360,000 sq.m. The climate of Ecuador, as might be expected, varies considerably in different regions. In the valley of Quito the seasons are scarcely distinguishable. The mean temperature of the day, all the year round, is between 60° and 67°, and that of the night between 48° and 52° of Fahrenheit. The winds blow continually, but never with great violence. During the whole morning, till 1 or 2 o'clock, the weather is generally delightful, and the sky serene; but, after this, the vapours begin to rise, which are followed by dreadful tempests of thunder and lightning, with torrents of rain. At sunset, the weather usually clears up, and the nights are as serene as the mornings. Sometimes, however, the rain continues several days. The season between September and May is called the winter, and the remainder of the year the summer. The winter is only distinguished by a somewhat greater quantity of rain, and the summer by a greater number of fine days. The valley of Quito has a mean elevation of about 9,600 ft. above the sea, which may account for the climate being comparatively so cool. In those parts of Ecuador, which lie near the sea, the thermometer ranges much higher. The animal and vegetable productions of this country do not appear to differ from those of the

*The limits of this country appear not to be accurately defined. We have given the latitudes and longitudes according to the maps published by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge,

Fate, far, fall, fât; mẻ, mét; pine or pine, pln; nó, nỗt; ðo, as in good ; neighbouring regions of S. America. The most common fruit-trees are cherimoyers, pine-apples, and papayas. There are also extensive plantations of sugar-cane, cotton, tobacco, and cocoa. Among the forest-trees is the cinchona, which yields the Peruvian bark. The pop. of Ecuador is stated, by Balbi, at 630.000. Quito is the capital.

E-DEN-TON, a port of entry of N. C., cap. of Chowan co., near the mouth of the Chowan r., at the head of a small bay to which it gives its name.

ED/-FOO, (Anc. Apollinop'olis Mag/na,) a small t. of Upper Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile, remarkable for its temple, which is one of the finest and best preserved in Egypt. Lat. 25° N., Lon. 32° 52' E.

ED-GAR, a co. in the E. part of Ill., bordering on Indiana. Pop. 8,225. Co. t. Paris.

ED-GAR-TON, a port of entry of Mass., cap. of Duke's co., on the E. side of Martha's Vineyard.

EDGECOMBE, ej/-kum, a co. in the N. E. central part of N. C., intersected by the Tar r. Pop. 15,708. Co. t. Tarborough.

EDGE-FIELD, a dist. in the S. W. part of S. C., bordering on the Savannah r. Pop. 32,852. Seat of justice, Edgefield c. h.

EDINBURGH, ed-in-bur'-uh, the metropolis of Scotland, is situated in the northern part of a co. of the same name, about 14 m. from the Frith of Forth, and 337 m. N. by W. from London. Edinburgh is divided, by a valley, into two parts, the Old and the New Town. The former is irregularly built, the streets are narrow, and some of them are very dirty. In this part, the houses have sometimes 12 and even 14 stories. The New Town, on the other hand, is built with great regularity, with wide and handsome streets, and will bear a comparison with the finest capitals of Europe. Among the remarkable edifices of Edinburgh, we may mention the palace of Holyrood, the ancient residence of the Scottish kings; and the castle, situated at the western extremity of the Old Town, on a rugged rock which rises on three sides, from a level plain, abruptly, to a height varying from 150 to 200 ft. In some parts, the precipice is perpendicular, and even overhangs its base. The summit is crowned with military works, which, contrasted with the sublime and rocky scenery beneath, give an aspect to the whole inexpressibly grand and romantic. The castle, with its works, occupies an area of 7 acres, and is separated from the town by an open space nearly 300ft. square. Edinburgh has several noble charitable institutions, among which may be cited the Royal Infirmary, Heriot's Hospital, the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb, and the Asylum for the Blind. The multitude of its learned societies, its celebrated university, one of the first in Europe, the various and important publications which are continnally issuing from its presses, and its numerous

The cherimoyer is the anona cherimolia of naturalists, a downy-leaved species of anona, said to bear a great resemblance to the custard-apple of the West

Indies.