Fåte, får, fåll, fât; m', met; plne or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; ōō as in good:

Area esti

from E. to W., exclusive of Georgian Bay, is near 100 m. mated at about 19,000 sq. m. The greatest depth is at least 1000 ft. Lake Huron is divided into two unequal portions by a long peninsula and the Manitoulin chain of islands; the parts to the N. and E. are called North Channel and Georgian Bay.

HURON, a co. in the N. part of Ohio, near Lake Erie. Pop. 23,933. Co. t. Norwalk.

Huy, hoi, a t. of Belgium, on the Meuse, 20 m. S. W. of Liege. Pop. 7,000. (B.)

HYDE, a co. in the E. part of N. C., on Pamlico Sound. Pop. 6,458. Co. t. Lake Landing.

HYDERABAD, hil-der-a-båd', or HYDRABAD, a city of Hindostan, the cap. of a prov. of the same name. Lat. 17° 22′ N., Lon. 78° 35′ E. Pop., including the suburbs, estimated at above 200,000. (B.)

HYDERABAD, a fortified t. of Hindostan, in Sinde, cap. of a principality of the same name, is situated in the delta of the Indus, about 90 m. from the sea. Lat. 25° 22′ N., Lon. 68° 41′ E. Pop. estimated at 20,000. (B.)

HYTHE, hìтí, a t., and one of the Cinque Ports, of England, in Kent, si uated on the Strait of Dover, about 60 m. E. S. E. of London, and 10 m. W. S. W. of Dover.

Pop. 2,265.

IAROSLAV. See YAROSLAF.

IBARRA, e-bår/-rå, a t. of S. America, in Ecuador, 50 m. N. E. of Quito. Lat. 0° 21' N., Lon. 78° 18 W. Pop. estimated at 10,000. (B.) I-BER-VILLE, a parish in the S. E. central part of Louisiana, intersected by the Mississippi r. Pop. 8,495. Seat of justice, Iberville.

ICE'-LAND (Is'-land in the native language), a large i. in the N. Atlantic, belonging to Denmark, situated between 63° 30′ and 66° 40' N. Lat., and 16 and 24° 30′ W. Lon. Its extreme length is about 250 m.; its greatest breadth about 200 m. The area is vaguely estimated at 40,000 sq. m. The pop. in 1834 was 56,000. (M.) The interior of Iceland is a dreary desert, without a single inhabitant. One mass of icy mountains, called Klofa Jökul (yöl-kul), in the S. E. part of the island, is said to have an extent of not less than 3000 sq.m. The rocks and mountains of this country appear to be chiefly of volcanic origin. In the year 1783, a mountain named Skaptar Jökul poured forth an immense quantity of lava, which destroyed no fewer than 20 villages and 9,000 people, amounting to more than one-fifth of the then population of the island. It was estimated that the whole of the lava discharged would be sufficient to cover an area of 1,400 sq. m. to the depth of 150 ft. Hecla, a celebrated volcanic mountain in the S. W. part of Iceland, about 30 m. from the sea, is 5,530 ft. in height. The Oeräfe Jökul is the loftiest mountain in Iceland, of which any accurate measurement has been made, having an elevation of 6,650 ft. (B.) Among the most remarkable natural curiosities of this country are the Geysers (gi-sers) boiling springs, or rather water-volcanoes. One of these, called the Great Geyser, is said sometimes to project its contents

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. to the height of from 100 to 200 ft. The climate of Iceland is said to be mild, considering the latitude. Dr. Henderson found the winter that he passed here not severer than the mildest which he experienced in Southern Sweden and Denmark. It appears that corn was once cultivated to a considerable extent, but the inhabitants find it more to their advantage to attend exclusively to the rearing of cattle. Hay is the great harvest of Iceland. The common food of the people is butter, milk, and fish; fresh meat and rye bread are holy-day fare. Fish are very abundant. The reindeer, which were at first introduced from Norway, have greatly multiplied, and live in a wild state. Reikiavik (ri-ke-a-vik), a little town on the W. coast, is regarded as the cap. of the island. Although its permanent population scarcely exceeds 500, it contains a number of institutions for education, three literary and scientific societies, and a library of 5,000 vols. In its immediate vicinity there is an observatory.—Adj. ICE-LAN-DIC; inhab. Ice'-land-er. İCOLMKILL. See IONA.

IDRIA, id/-re-å, a t. of the Austrian empire, in Carniola, celebrated for its mines of quicksilver, which, after those of Almaden, in Spain, are considered to be the richest in Europe. The mine is rather more than 1,000 ft. in depth. Lat. 46° N., Lon. 14° 3′ E. Pop. 5,000. (B.) IEKATARINBURG. See EKATARINBURG.

IGLAU, ig/-lou, a manufacturing t. of the Austrian empire, in Moravia. Lat. 49° 23′ N., Lon. 15° 36′ E. Pop. 14,000. (B.)

IGUALADA, e-gwå-lå-på, (Anc. A'quæ La'tæ,) a t. of Spain, in Catalonia, 37 m. N. W. of Barcelona. Pop. 7,731. (M.)

IL-CHES-TER, sometimes written IVELCHESTER (Anc. Ischalis), a little t. of England, in Somersetshire, situated on the Yeo or Ivel, 18 m. E. of Taunton. It appears to have once been a very important Roman station. Its name signifies the "station of the Ivil."

ILE DE FRANCE. See FRANCE, ISLE OF.

ILFRACOMBE, il-fra-coom', a seaport t. of England, in Devonshire, situated on the Bristol Channel, 41 m. N. W. of Exeter. Pop. 2,855. ILLE AND VILAINE, (Fr. Ille et Vilaine, eel à ve`-lane',) a dep. in the N. W. part of France, bordering on the English Channel. Pop. 547,249. (B.) Capital, Rennes.

ILLIMANI, NEVADO DE, nà-vd-Do dà eel-ya-md-ne, a mountain summit of S. America, in Bolivia, next to the Nevado de Sorata, the most elevated on the American continent. Lat. about 16° 40′ N., Lon. 67° 40′ W. Height, 3,753 toises, or about 24,000 English ft. (B.)

ILLINOIS, il-lin-oi', one of the U. S., situated between 37° and 42° 30′ N. Lat., and 87° 30′ and 91° 30′ W. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Wisconsin, E. by Indiana, S. E. and S. by the Ohio r., which separates it from Kentucky, S. W. and W. by the Mississippi r., which divides it from Missouri and Iowa; and divided into 94 counties.* Length, from

Adams, Alexander, Bond, Boone, Brown, Bureau, Calhoun, Carrol, Cass, Champaign, Christian, Clair. St., Clarke, Clay, Clinton, Coles, Cook, Crawford, De Kalb, De Witt, Du Page, Edgar, Edwards, Effingham, Fayette, Franklin,

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, met; plne or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õõ as in good; N. to S., 387 m.; greatest breadth about 200. The area is variously estimated from 55,000 to 59,000 sq. m. Pop. 476,183. Springfield is the capital. Illinois was admitted into the Union in 1818.

ILLINOIS, a r. of the above state, which rises near Lake Michigan, and, flowing south-westerly, falls into the Mississippi. The whole length is about 400 m. It is navigable for boats nearly to its source.

IL-LYR/-I-A, a kingdom forming a part of the Austrian empire, situated between 44° 25′ and 47° 7 N. Lat., and 12° 40′ and 15° 45′ E. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Austria and Styria, E. by Styria and Croatia, S. by the Adriatic, and W. by Italy and Tyrol. The area is 10,801 sq. m. Pop. 1,212,753. (M.) Laybach is the capital.—Adj. and inhab. IL-LYR/-I-AN.

IMOLA, e-mo'-lå, (Anc. Fo'rum Corne/lii,) a t. of Italy, in the Papal State, 20 m. E. S. E. of Bologna. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

INDEPENDENCE, a co. in the N. E. part of Ark., intersected by the White r. Pop. 3,669. Co. t. Batesville.

INDEPENDENT TARTARY. See TOORKISTAN.

IN-DI-A, the name given by the ancients to a country of indefinite extent, in the S. E. part of Asia. It appears to have included Hindostan Proper, the island of Ceylon, and the still undefined region of Farther India. The name is supposed to be derived from that of the Indus, Sind or Hind.-Adj. and inhab. IN-DI-AN.

The name, EAST INDIES, has an application nearly co-extensive with that of India, though the former seems to be often employed somewhat loosely to denote, besides the Indian continent, not only Ceylon (which has always been considered as a part of India), but also many other islands of the eastern seas, especially those lying near the Asiatic coast, such as Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and the group of Japan.

INDIAN OCEAN, is situated between Africa, Asia, and Malaisia. greatest extent, from E. to W., is above 4,000 m.

Its

IN-DI-AN-A, one of the U. S., situated between 37° 50′ and 41° 50 N. Lat., and 84° 44′ and 88° W. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Michigan and Lake Michigan, E. by Ohio, S. E. and S. by Kentucky, and W. by Illinois, and divided into 88 counties*. Length, from N. to S.,

Fulton, Gallatin, Greene, Grundy, Hamilton, Hancock, Hardin, Henderson, Henry, Iroquois, Jackson, Jasper, Jefferson, Jersey, Jo Daviess, Johnson, Kane, Kendall, Knox, Lake, La Salle, Lawrence, Lee, Livingston, Logan, Macon, Macoupin, Madison, Marquette, Marion, Marshall, Mason, McDonough, McHenry, McLean, Menard, Mercer, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Ogle, Peoria, Perry, Piatt, Pike, Pope, Putnam, Randolph, Richland, Rock Island, Sangamon, Schuyler, Scott, Shelby, Stark, Stephenson, Tazewell, Union, Vermillion, Wabash, Warren, Washington, Wayne, White, Whiteside, Will, Williamson, Winnebago.

Adams, Allen, Bartholomew, Benton, Blackford, Boone, Brown, Carroll, Cass, Clark, Clay, Clinton, Crawford, Daviess, Dearborn, Decatur. De Kalb, Delaware, Dubois, Elkhart, Fayette, Floyd, Fountain, Franklin, Fulton, Gibson, Grant, Greene, Hamilton, Hancock, Harrison, Hendricks, Henry, Huntington, Jackson, Jasper, Jay, Jefferson, Jennings, Johnson, Joseph, St., Knox, Kosciusko, La Grange, Lake La Porte, Lawrence, Madison, Marion, Marshall, Martin, Miami, Monroe, Montgomery, Morgan, Noble, Orange, Owen, Parke, Perry, Pike, Porter, Posey, Pa

ou, as in our ; th, as in thin ; TH, as in this ; N, nearly like ng.

275 m.; greatest breadth, from E. to W., about 150 m. The area is estimated at 36,000 sq. m. Pop. 685,866. Indianapolis is the capital. Indiana was admitted into the Union in 1816.

INDIANA, a co. in the W. part of Pa., bordering on Conemaugh creek, a branch of the Alleghany r. Pop. 20,782. Co. t. Indiana.

IN-DI-AN-AP-O-LIS, the cap. of Indiana, and seat of justice of Marion co., is situated on White r., nearly in the centre of the state. Lat. 39° 55' N., Lon. 86° 5′ W. Pop. 2,692.

IND-OOR OF INDORE, a city of Hindostan, cap. of a kingdom of the same name, in the prov. of Malwah. It has risen entirely since the year 1818, on the site of the old town of the same name, which was burned to the ground, in 1801, by Sindia, who was at war with Holcar, the chief of Indoor. Lat. 22° 42′ N., Lon. 75° 50′ E. Present pop. estimated from 60,000 to 90,000.

INDOSTAN. See HINDOSTAN.

INDRE, ândr, a dep. near the centre of France, intersected by a river of the same name, which flows into the Loire. Pop. 257,350. (B.) Capital, Châteauroux

INDRE AND LOIRE (Fr. Indre et Loire, ândr à lwår), a dep. of France, N. W. of, and bordering on the above. Pop. 304,271. Capital, Tours. IN-DUS OF SINDH (in Sanscrit, Sindhoo), a large r. in the S. of Asia, which rises on the northern declivity of the Himalaya Mountains, and flowing, first north-westerly, and afterwards south-westerly, empties itself into the Indian Ocean by several mouths, in about 24° N. Lat. and 68° E. Lon. Its whole length is estimated at 1,700 m. In consequence of the sand-banks which obstruct the different arms of this river, it is not navigable, in the lower part of its course, except for very small vessels.

ING-HAM, a co. in the S. part of Mich., near the sources of Grand r. Pop. 2,498.

INGOLSTADT, ing/-gol-stått, a t. and important fortress of Germany, in Bavaria, on the Danube, 33 m. S. W. of Ratisbon. Its celebrated university, founded in 1472, was transferred to Landshut in 1800, but has since been removed to Munich. Lat. 48° 46′ N., Lon. 11° 26' E. Pop. 7,000. (B.)

INN, a r. which rises in the E. part of Switzerland, flows through Tyrol, and after forming a part of the boundary between Bavaria and Austria, falls into the Danube at Passau.

INNSPRUCK, ins'-prõõk, or INNSBRUCK, (i. e. Innsbrücke, or the "bridge of the Inn,") the cap. of Tyrol, situated on the r. Inn. Its situation is highly picturesque. It stands in the midst of a valley, the sides of which are formed by mountains from 6,000 to 8,000 ft. in height. The Inn is crossed by a wooden bridge, from which a magnificent prospect is obtained. Innsbruck contains seve

laski, Putnam, Randolph, Ripley, Rush, Scott, Shelby, Spencer, Stark, Steuben, Sullivan, Switzerland, Tippecanoe, Union, Vanderburg, Vermilion, Vigo, Wabash, Warren, Warwick, Washington, Wayne, Wells, White, Whitley.

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; m2, m't; plne or pine, pln; n3, n3t; õõ, as in good;

ral literary and scientific institutions; among which is a university, founded in 1672, afterwards abolished, and finally re-established in 1826. Lat. 47° 16′ N., Lon. 11° 24′ E. Pop. about 11,000. (B.)

IN-VER-A-RY, a seaport t. of Scotland, cap. of Argyleshire, situated near the head of Loch Fyne, on the W. coast, 25 m. N. W. of Glasgow. Pop. 1,233.

INVERKEITHING, in-ver-kee/-тHing, a seaport t. of Scotland, in Fifeshire, situated on the N. bank of the Frith of Forth, 10 m. N. W. of Edinburgh. Pop. 1,674.

13

IN-VER-NESS', a seaport t. of Scotland, cap. of Inverness-shire, on the r. Ness, about a mile above its influx into Moray Frith. It is the principal town, as regards manufactures and commerce, in the N. of Scotland. By means of the Caledonian canal, which connects the North Sea with the Atlantic, Inverness has an almost direct communication with the latter. Lat. 57° 28′ N., Lon. 4° 12′ W. Pop. 9,100. IN-VER-NESS'-SHIRE, the largest co. of Scotland, extends across the island, from the Atlantic to Moray Frith. It also includes the islands of Skye, Harris, N. and S. Uist, &c. Pop. 97,799.

IN-VE-RU-RY, a t. of Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, at the confluence of the Don and Ury, 16 m. N. W. of Aberdeen, with which town it communicates by means of the Aberdeenshire Canal. Pop. 1,619.

IONA, e-o-na, or IC-OLM-KILL', (the native name is I, pronounced like ee, and signifying "island,") one of the Hebrides, situated near the W. extremity of the island of Mull, intersected by the parallel of 56° 22′ N. Lat., and the meridian of 6° 26' W. Lon. Length about 3 m. It is chiefly interesting on account of its ruins and historical remembrances. While western Europe lay buried in ignorance and barbarity, this island was remarkable as the seat of learning and of the Christian religion, which was introduced near the middle of the 6th century, by St. Columba, a native of Ireland. The name Icolmkill is a contraction of I-Columb-kill, i. e. the “island of Columba's cell or monastery," kill or kil signifying any religious residence.

I-o'-NI-A, a co. in the S. W. central part of Mich., intersected by Grand r. Pop. 1,923. Co. t. Ionia.

I-o'-NI-AN ISLANDS, situated along the S. W. coast of Greece, and consisting of the seven principal islands of Corfu, Cephalonia, Zante, Santa Maura, Theaki, Cerigo, and Paxo, form what is termed the Ionian Republic, or the Republic of Seven Islands. The total area is 1,097 sq.m.; the entire pop. in 1836 was 204,266. This republic is under the protection of Great Britain represented by a lord high commissioner, who resides at Corfu, and, with the president of the senate (who represents the executive power of the republic), directs the most important affairs of the state. Corfu is the seat of government.

I-os/-co (Kanotin), a co. in the E. part of Mich., bordering on Sagiraw Bay.

I-O-WA, lately a territory of the U. S., but raised to the rank of a sovereign state by an act passed during the recent session of Congress (1845-6). The boundary of the state of Iowa, which is far less