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ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. was ceded to Prussia in 1815; the remainder constitutes the departments of Meurthe, Meuse, Moselle, and Vosges.

LOST-WITH-IEL OF LEST-WITH-IEL, a small t. of England, in Cornwall, on the Fowey. Lat. 50° 24′ N., Lon. 4° 39′ W.

Lor, lot, a r. in the S. W. part of France, which flows into the Garonne. Its length is about 220 m., for 70 m. of which it is navigable. LOT, a dep. of France, intersected by the above r. Pop. 287,003. (B.) Capital, Cahors.

LOT AND GARONNE (Fr. Lot-et-Garonne, lot å går`-onn'), a dep. in the S. W. of France, on the rivers from which it takes its name. Pop. 346,000. (B.) Capital, Agen.

LOTHIAN, lo-THE-an, an extensive and fertile district of Scotland, lying along the S. side of the Frith of Forth, divided into the counties of East Lothian or Haddington, Mid-Lothian or Edinburgh, and West Lothian or Linlithgow. (See HADDIngtonshire, EdinBURGHSHIRE, and LINLITHGOWSHIRE.)

LOU-DON, a co. in the N. E. part of Va., bordering on the Potomac. Pop. 20,431. Co. t. Leesburg.

LOUGHBOROUGH, luff/-bur-reh, a manufacturing t. in the central part of England, in Leicestershire, on a canal which communicates with Nottingham and Leicestershire, 10 m. N. by W. of the latter town. Pop. of the entire parish, 10,170.

LOUGHREA, loн-rà', a t. of Ireland, in the co. of Galway, on a small lake of the same name. Lat. 53° 12′ N., Lon. 8° 35′ W. Pop. in 1831, 4,007. (M.)

LOUIS, ST., sent loo'-is, or loo'-e, the principal t. of Mo., seat of justice of a co. of the same name, and formerly cap. of the state, situated on the W. bank of the Mississippi, about 18 m. below the mouth of the Missouri. The position of this town, on one of the largest rivers in the world, near its union with the Missouri and Illinois, and in the centre of the most extensive system of internal navigation in America, is in the highest degree favourable to its commercial prosperity; and, in all probability, it is destined to become, in a few years, one of the greatest emporiums on the New Continent. The growth of St. Louis has been astonishingly rapid: in 1816, the pop. was only about 2,000; in 1830, it was 5,852; and in 1840 it amounted to 16,469. This place is the seat of a Roman Catholic college, called the University of St. Louis, founded in 1829. Lat. 38° 36′ N., Lon. 89° 36′ W. The co. of St. Louis has a pop. of 35,979.

LOUIS, SAINT, (Fr. pron. sản loo'-ce',) a t. of W. Africa, the cap. of the French possessions in Senegambia, on an island of the same name, in the Senegal, near its mouth. Lat. about 16° N., Lon. 16° 30′ W. Pop. near 6,000. (B.)

LOUISA, loo-ee-za, a co. in the E. central part of Va., N.W. of Richmond. Pop. 15,433. Seat of justice, Louisa c. h.

LOUISA, a co. in the S. E. part of Iowa, bordering on the Mississippi r. Pop. 1,927.

LOUISIANA, loo`-e-ze-an'-a, one of the U. S., forming the S. W. ex

Fate, far, fall, fât; mẻ, mét; phne or pine, pln; nó, nôt ; öõ as in good; tremity of the Union, situated between 29° and 33° N. Lat., and 88° 50 and 94° 20′ W. Lon., bounded on the N. by Arkansas and Missis sippi, E. by Mississippi and the Gulf of Mexico, S. by the Gulf of Mexico, and W. by Texas, and divided into 39 parishes.* Length, from, E. to W., about 290 m.; breadth, from N. to S., 230. Area, estimated at 48,500 sq. m. Pop. 352,411, of whom 158,457 are whites, 25,502 free coloured, and 168,452 slaves. New Orleans is the capital. Louisiana, which originally comprehended, besides the present state, all the territory N. of Texas between the Mississippi and the Rocky Mountains, was ceded by the French to the United States, in 1803. The state was admitted into the Union in 1812.

LOUISVILLE, loo-is-vill', a city of Ky., cap. of Jefferson co., on the S. bank of the Ohio. It is the largest town in the state, and, one of the most flourishing in all the western states. A little above the city, the Beargrass Creek falls into the Ohio, affording a harbour for steamboats and river craft. The Lexington and Ohio Railroad, when finished, will connect Louisville with Lexington. The Louisville and Portland Canal, passing round the falls of the Ohio, is one of the most important works in the country. It is about 2 m. long, and sufficiently wide and deep to admit the largest class of steamers. There are four locks, constructed in the most durable manner, with a total lockage of 22 ft. Louisville, besides being one of the most important commercial places in the western country, is the seat of several extensive manufactures. Lat. 38° 3′ N., Lon. 85° 30′ W. Pop. 21,210.

LOUTH, louтH, a co. in the E. N. E. part of Ireland, prov. of Leinster, bordering on the sea. Pop. in 1831, 107,481. (P. C.)

LOUTH, a t. of England, in Lincolnshire, 127 m. N. of London. Pop. of the parish, with an area of 5 sq. m., 8.848.

LOUVAIN, loo-vane', (Fr. pron. loo`-vân', Flem. Leu-vẹn,) a t. of Belgium, prov. of Brabant, on the Dyle and on the railway between Brussels and Liege. Its pop. in the 14th century is said to have amounted to near 200,000, though it does not now exceed 26,000. (B.) Louvain is the seat of a celebrated and flourishing university, founded in 1426, and attended by about 500 students. Lat. 50° 53′ N., Lon. 4° 42' E.

LOUVIERS, loo-ve-, formerly LOVIERS, a t. of France, in the dep. of Eure, on the r. Eure, 17 m. Š. by E. of Rouen. Its manufactures of woollen cloths and kerseymeres, first introduced in 1681, are the most important of the kind in the kingdom. There are in all upwards of 40 factories. Lat. 49° 12′ N., Lon. 1° 9' E. Pop. 10,000. (B.)

Low/-ELL, a flourishing t. of Mass., in the county of Middlesex, on

* Ascension, Assumption, Avoyelles, Baton Rouge. East, Baton Rogue, West, Bernard. St., Caddo, Calcasieu, Caldwell, Carroll, Catahaula, Charles, St., Claiborne, Concordia, Feliciana, East, Feliciana, West, Helena, St., Iberville, James, St., Jefferson, John Baptist, St., Lafayette, Lafourche Interior, Landry, St., Liv ingston, Madison, Martin's, St., Mary's, St., Natchitoches, Orleans, Plaquemines, Point Coupee, Rapides, Tammany, St., Tensas, Terre Bonne, Union, Washington, Washita.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. the Merrimack, at the influx of the Concord r., about 23 m., in a straight line, N. N. W. of Boston, remarkable for its extensive cotton manufactures. The site on which the town stands had in 1820 only about 100 inhabitants; in 1822 the first cotton-mill was erected; in 1830 the pop. amounted to 6,474; and in 1840 to 20,796! Lowell is situated on the railroad which connects Boston with Concord, in New Hampshire. Lat. 42° 39′ N., Lon. 71° 19′ W.

LOWNDES, lounz, a co. in the S. of Ga., bordering on Florida. Pop. 5,574. Co. t. Franklinville.

LOWNDES, a co. in the S. central part of Ala., bordering on the Alabama r. Pop. 19,539. Co. t. Haynesville.

LOWNDES, a co. in the E. part of Miss., bordering on Ala. Pop. 14,513. Co. seat, Columbus.

LowOSITZ, lo-vo-sits, a village of Bohemia, near Leitmeritz, remarkable as the scene of an important victory gained by Frederic the Great over the Austrians, in 1756.

LoxA. See LOJA.

LOZÈRE, lo`-zare', a dep. in the S. of France, intersected by the r. Lot, near its source. Pop. 141,733. (B.) Capital, Mende.

LU-BECK, an important commercial city of Germany, formerly the head of the Hanseatic League, and still the cap. of the free Hanseatic cities of the Germanic confederation, is situated on the Trave (trå/-veh), 36 m. N. E. of Hamburg. This town, with its territory, containing an area of about 117 sq. m., constitutes an independent republic, which is a member of the Germanic confederation. Among the edifices of Lübeck, the Senate-House (Rathhaus, rååt/-house), in which the Hanseatic deputies formerly met, deserves especially to be mentioned. Lat. 53° 51' N., Lon. 10° 41' E. Pop. of the town, about 26,000; total pop. of the republic, 46,000. (B.)

LUELIN, loob'-lin, a t. of Russian Poland, the cap. of a palatinate of the same name, 97 m. S. E. of Warsaw; it contains several respectable literary and scientific institutions. Lat. 51° 16′ N., Lon. 22° 36′ E. Pop. 12,500. (P. C.)

LU-CAS, a co. in the N. W. part of Ohio, bordering on Mich. and L. Erie. Pop. 9,382. Co. t. Toledo.

Luc-ca (It. pron. look/-kå), DUCHY OF, a small state of Italy, N. of Tuscany, and bordering on the Mediterranean. It is intersected by the 44th parallel of N. Lat., and the meridian of 10° 30′ E. Lon. Area about 416 sq. m.

LUCCA (Anc. Lu'ca), an archiepiscopal t. of Italy, the cap. of the above duchy, situated in a rich plain, near the r. Serchio (ser/-ke-o) about 12 m. from the sea. This town holds an important place in the history of modern Italy, and was at one time, with Pisa, the head of the Ghibeline party. Lucca contains a lyceum, which may be regarded as a university in the ducal palace there is a gallery of valuable paintings; also a library of 25,000 vols. The female seminary of this place is said to be one of the very best institutions of the kind. Lat. 43° 51' N., Lon.

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, måt; plne or pine, pîn; nò, nôt; õõ, as in good ; 10° 31' E. Pop. estimated at 22,000. (B.)—Adj. and inhab. LUCCHESE, luk-kezel.

LU-CE-NA (Sp. pron. loo-thà/-nå), a t. of Spain, in Andalusia. Lat. 37° 28′ N., Lon. 4° 28′ W. Pop. said to be 19,716. (M.)

LUCERA, loo-cha-rå, (Anc. Luce/ria,) a t. of Naples, in the prov. of Capitanata. Lat. 41° 29′ N., Lon. 15° 16' E. Pop. 8,000. (B.) LU-CERNE (Fr. pron. lü`-seRn'; Ger. Luzern, loot-seRn'); a canton in the N. central part of Switzerland. Area estimated at 657 sq. m. Pop. in 1836, 123,407. (P. C.)

LUCERNE, the cap. of the above, is situated at the W. extremity of the L. of Lucerne, on both sides of the Reuss, which forms its outlet. The town is surrounded by old walls, flanked with towers. Lucerne contains a lyceum, a gymnasium, and numerous other institutions. One of the most remarkable things at this place is the topographic map, in relief, constructed by Gen. Pfyffer. This extraordinary work is 22 ft. long and 13 wide, and represents an extent of 180 sq. leagues, of which the L. of Lucerne forms the centre. The materials are pasteboard, wax, and resin. Gen. Pfyffer is said to have spent more than 10 years in making this topographical model. In the vicinity of Lucerne is the monument erected in 1821 to the memory of the Swiss Guards who died in defence of the Tuileries against the mob of Paris, on the 10th of August, 1792. It is the image of a wounded and dying lion of colossal size, sculptured in the side of a rock. Lat. 47° 3′ N., Lon. 8° 18' E. Pop. 8,150. (P. C.)

LUCERNE, LAKE OF (Ger. Waldstätter See, wålt'-stet-ter så), situated nearly in the centre of Switzerland, is one of the most picturesque pieces of water in Europe. It is nearly cruciform, with an addition to its E. end, called the L. of Uri. Its entire length is about 25 m., but the breadth of any of its arms is seldom more than 2 or 3 m. The surface is 1,380 ft. above the level of the sea. The greatest depth is stated to be near 900 ft.

LUCIA lul-she-a, ST., one of the British W. India Islands, intersected by the 14th parallel of N. Lat., and the 61st meridian of W. Lon. It is above 30 m. in length, and about 17 in its greatest breadth, and contains an area of about 350 sq. m. Pop. in 1836, 16,116. (P. C.)

LUCK-NOW', a large t. of Hindostan, since 1775 the cap. of Oude, is situated on the Goomty r. It consists of three distinct portions: the ancient, and much the largest part of the city is badly built, with dirty and narrow streets; another quarter, which contains the residences of the king and of the royal family, is comparatively new, and the houses are constructed and furnished after the English fashion; the remaining portion of the town is built in the oriental style, and has many fine houses and religious edifices. Lat. 26° 51' N., Lon. 80° 50′ E. Pop. estimated at above 300,000. (B.)

LUD-Low, a t. of England, in Shropshire, 24 m. S. of Shrewsbury, and 126 m. W. S. W. of London. Pop. 5,064.

LUDWIGSBURG, lood/-wigs-burg' or lood/-Wigs-bŏŏRG', a handsome t of Germany, in Würtemberg, the cap. of the circle of the Neckar, with

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

a lyceum, an arsenal, and a military school. Lat. 48° 53′ N., Lon. 9° 13 E. Pop., exclusive of the military, estimated at 7,000. (B.)

LUDWIGSLUST, lood'-Wias-loost, or LUDWIGSBURG, a small t. of Germany, in the grand-duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, about 18 m. S. of Schwerin: it is the ordinary residence of the grand-duke. Pop. about 4,000. (B.)

LUGANO, loo-ga-no, one of the principal towns of the Swiss canton of Tessin, situated on a lake of the same name. Lat. 45° 59′ N., Lon. 8° 57′ E. Pop. near 4,000. (B.)

LUGANO, LAKE OF (Anc. Cere/sius), is situated partly in the canton of Tessin and partly in Austrian Italy. Its form is very irregular; the whole length is perhaps about 20 m.; the breadth varies from a half or three-quarters of a mile to about 2 m.

LUGO, loo'-go, (Anc. Lucus Augus/ti,) a t. of Spain, in Galicia, on the Minho, with warm mineral springs. Its walls were built by the ancient Romans. Lat. 43° N., Lon. 7° 35′ W. Pop. 12,000. (B.)

LUMP-KIN, a co. in the N. part of Ga., on the Etowah r. Pop. 5,671. Co. t. Dahlonega.

LUND, loond, a t. of Sweden, in the prov. of Skåne, with a celebrated university, established in 1668, and containing a library of near 40,000 vols.; the number of students in 1830 was 632; the celebrated Puffendorf was appointed professor of law in this institution in 1670; Linneus was for some time a pupil here. Lat. 55° 42′ N., Lon. 13° 13′ E. Pop. 4,120. (M.)

LÜNEBURG, lul-neh-burg`, or lü'-neh-bõõrg', a t. of Germany, in Hanover, the cap. of a prov. of the same name, on the Ilmenau (il-men-ou), with very productive salt works, an active commerce, and above 12,000 inhabitants. (B.) Lat. 53° 15' N., Lon. 10° 24′ E.

LUNEL, lu'-nel', a t. in the S. of France, dep. of Hérault, 14 m. E. N.E. of Montpellier, famous for its wine. By the canal of Lunel, it communicates with the Rhone, the Mediterranean, and with the Southern Canal (Canal du Midi). Pop. 6,021. (M.)

LU-NEN-BURG`, a co. in the S. E. part of Va., on the Meherrin r., near its source. Pop. 11,055. Co. t. Lewistown.

LUNEVILLE, lul-ne-vill`, or lü`-nëv`-ill', a t. of France, in the dep. of Meurthe, 16 m. S. E. of Nancy. The treaty of Lunéville, between France and Austria, was signed here in 1801. Lat. 48° 37′ N., Lon. 6° 29′ E. Pop. 12,661. (M.)

LUSATIA, lu-s-she-a, (Ger. Lausitz, lou/-zits; Fr. Lusace, lü`-zåss';) a former margraviate of Germany, between 50° 50′ and 52° 16' N. Lat., and 13° 20′ and 15° 15′ E. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Brandenberg, E. by Silesia, S. by Bohemia, and W. by Saxony. Area, 4,336 sq. m. It is now divided into Upper and Lower Lusatia. The whole of the latter portion, and the half of the former, belong to Prussia; the remainder, forming the circle of Upper Lusatia, is possessed by Saxony. (P. C.)

LÜTZEN, lut-sen or lüt-sen, a little t. of Prussian Saxony, 12 m. W. S. W. of Leipsic, remarkable as the scene of two great battles; the

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