ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. MAROS-VÁSÁRHELY, mor`-osh'-våå-shåår`-hel', or Szekely (så-kel) Vásárhely, (Ger. Neumarkt, noi'-markt, i. e. "new market,") a royal free t. of Transylvania, on the r. Marosch, 53 m. N. N. E. of Hermanstadt. It contains a Protestant college, a Roman Catholic gymnasium, and a noble library of 80,000 vols., which is open to the public. Lat. 46° 31' N., Lon. 24° 31' E. Pop. 10,000. (B.)

MARQUESAS, mar-ka/-sås, sometimes called the MENDAña (men-dån/ya) ARCHIPELAGO, from the name of the discoverer, a group of small islands in the Pacific, between 7° 50′ and 10° 30′ S. Lat., and 138° and 141° W. Lon. Nukahiva (noo-kå-heel-vå), the largest, is about 20 m. long, and 12 m. broad.

MARQUETTE, mar-kett', a co. in the central part of Wisconsin, a little E. of the Wisconsin r. Pop. 18. Co. t. Marquette.

MARSALA, mar-s-lå, a seaport t. at the W. extremity of Sicily, near the site of the ancient Lilybolum or Lilybæum, celebrated for its wines, which form an important article of exportation. It has a royal college, and about 21,000 inhabitants. (B.) Lat. 37° 48′ N., Lon. 12° 27 E.

MARSEILLES, mar-sailz', (Fr. Marseille, mar'-sail' or man'-så'e;* Lat. Massilia; Gr. Maccaria,) a large commercial city and seaport of France, the cap of the dep. of the Mouths of the Rhone, situated on the E. side of a small bay of the Gulf of Lyons. Its harbour is a fine basin, about 1,000 yards in length, and extending into the very centre of the city. Its depth varies from 12 to 24 ft., so that it is exceedingly well adapted for moderate-sized merchantmen, but not for ships of the largest dimensions. The trade of Marseilles is very extensive and rapidly increasing; and the revenue derived from customs is greater than that of any other town in France, not even excepting Le Havre. This city contains, among other institutions, a royal academy, a royal school of navigation, an academy of sciences, belles-lettres and arts, and a public library of 60,000 vols. Massilia was founded about 600 years before Christ, by a colony of Greeks, from Phocæa. It was evidently a place of great importance, in the time of Julius Cæsar. In the middle ages, we find it holding a distinguished place both as a commercial and warlike power. The Marseillais appear to have been actively engaged in the crusades; and in the third crusade, several armaments sailed from their port. For a short time in the early part of the 13th century, Marseilles constituted an independent republic. The Observatory is in Lat. 43° 17′ 50′′ N., Lon. 5° 22′ 15′′ E. The pop. of the whole commune, in 1836, was 146,239 (B.), but at present it is said to exceed 170,000.-Adj. and inhab. MARSEILLAIS or MARSEILLOIS, mar-sale-ya' or mar-sa-ya; feminine, MARSEILLAISE, mar-sale`-yaze'; and MASSIL-I-AN, when the ancient town is referred to.

MAR-SHALL, a co. near the N. W. extremity of Va., bordering on the Ohio r. Pop. 6,937. Co. t. Elizabethtown.

• See Int. XIX., 18.

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mit; p'ne or pine, pln; nỏ, nôt; õõ as in good;

MARSHALL, a co. in the N. E. part of Ala., intersected by the Tennessee r. Pop. 7,553.

MARSHALL, a co. in the N. part of Miss., bordering on Tennessee. Pop. 17,526. Co. seat, Holly Springs.

MARSHALL, a co. in the S. W. central part of Tenn., on the head waters of the Duck r. Pop. 14,555.

MARSHALL, a co. near the W. extremity of Ky., on the Tennessee r. MARSHALL, a co. in the N. part of Ind., midway between the Wabash and Erie Canal and the S. border of Mich.. Pop. 1,651. Co. t. Plymouth.

MARSHALL, & Co. in the N. central part of Ill., intersected by Illinois r. Pop. 1,849. Co. t. Lacon.

MAR-TA-BAN', a t. of the Birman empire, formerly the cap. of a prov. of the same name, on the r. Salwin (Than-lyeng), near its mouth. Lat. 16° 28′ N., Lon. 97° 40′ E. Pop. uncertain.

MARTA SANTA. See SANTA MARTA.

MARTIGUES, LES, 1 maR`-teeg', a well-built t. in the S. of France, in the dep. of the Mouths of the Rhone. Lat. 43° 23' N., Lon. 5° 2′ E. Pop. in 1831, 5,335. (P. C.)

MAR-TIN, a co. in the E. part of N. C., bordering on the Roanoke. Pop. 7,637. Co. t. Williamston.

MARTIN, a co. in the S. part of Ind., intersected by the E. fork of the White r. Pop. 3,875. Co. t. Mt. Pleasant.

MARTINIQUE, mar`-tin-eek', (Sp. Martinico, mar-te-neel-ko,) one of the West India Islands, belonging to the French, intersected by the parallel of 14° 40′ N. Lat. and 61st meridian of W. Lon. Length about 45 m.; mean breadth about 12 m. Pop. in 1836, 117,502. (M.) Fort Royal, in the S. W. part of the island, is the capital. Pop. 7,000. (B.) The celebrated empress of France, Josephine, was a native of Martinique.

MARTINS, ST., a parish in the S. part of La., W. of, and bordering on the Atchafalaya r. Pop. 8,674. Seat of justice, St. Martinsville. MARWAR. See JOODPOOR.

MA-RY-LAND, one of the thirteen original U. S., extending from about 38° to 39° 42′ N. Lat., and from about 75° to 79° 25′ W. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Pennsylvania, E. by Delaware and the Atlantic, and S. and W. by Virginia; and divided into 19 counties. The length, from E. to W., according to Tanner's Map, is only about 208 m.; but some others make it near 230 m.; greatest breadth, from N. to S., 120 m. Area estimated from about 9,500 to near 14,000 sq. m. Pop. 469,232; consisting of 317,717 whites, 62,020 free coloured persons, and 89,495 slaves. Annapolis is the capital-Inhab. MA-RY-LAND-ER. MA-RY-PORT, a seaport t. of England, in the co. of Cumberland, on Solway Frith, 25 m. S. W. of Carlisle. Pop. 5,311.

Alleghany, Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Calvert, Caroline, Cecil, Charles, Dorchester, Frederick, Harford, Kent, Mary's, St., Montgomery, Prince George's, Queen Anne's, Somerset, Talbot, Washington, Worcester.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

MARY'S, ST., a co. of Maryland, occupying the angle between the Potomac and the Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 13,224. Co. t. Leon/-ard

town.

MARY'S, ST., a parish in the S. part of La., at the mouth of the Atchafalaya r. Pop. 8,950. Seat of justice, Franklin.

MARY'S, ST., a port of entry of Ga., in Camden co., on a r. of its

own name.

MA-SON, a co. in the N. W. part of Va., intersected by the Kanawha, and bordering on the Ohio. Pop. 6,777. Co. t. Point Pleasant. MASON, a co. in the N. E. part of Ky., bordering on the Ohio r. Pop. 15,719. Co. t. Washington.

MASON (Notipescago), a co. in the W. part of Mich., bordering on L. Michigan.

MASON, a co. in the W. central part of Ill., on the Illinois r., at the mouth of the Sangamon.

MAS-SA-CHU-SETTS, one of the thirteen original U. S., extending from 41° 30' to 42° 53′ N. Lat., and from about 70° to 73° 30′ W. Lon.; bounded on the N. by New Hampshire and Vermont, E. by the Atlantic, S. by the Atlantic, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, and W. by New York; and divided into 14 counties.* Length, from the S. W. extremity to the most easterly part of the peninsula of Cape Cod, above 180 m.; greatest breadth, from N. to S., about 93 m. Area, 7,800 sq. m. Pop. 737,699. Boston is the seat of government.

MASULIPATAM, mas-soo`-le-pa-tam', a fortified seaport t. of Hindostan, in the prov. of the Northern Circars, at the mouth of one of the arms of the Krishna, and the cap. of a dist. of the same name; its harbour is the best on the Coromandel Coast. This town has long been famous for the manufacture of chintzes. Lat. 16° 11' N., Lon. 81° 13' E. Pop. supposed to be about 75,000. (B.)

MAT-AN-ZAS or må-tån/-thås, a seaport t. of Cuba, second only to Havana in commercial importance. Lat. 23° 2′ N., Lon. 81° 38′ W. Pop. estimated at 20,000. (M.)

MAT-A-PAN, CAPE (Anc. Tæna/rium Promonto'rium), the most southern point of Greece. Lat. 36° 23′ 20′′ N., Lon. 22° 30' E.

MATARO, må-ta-ro', a seaport and manufacturing t. of Spain, in Catalonia. Lat. 41° 32′ N., Lon. 2° 27′ E. Pop. estimated at 13,000. (B.) MAT-AR-EE-YEH, often written MATARIA or MATARYEH, (Anc. Heliop'olis, i. e. the "city of the sun,") a village of Lower Egypt, remarkable for the remains of edifices belonging to the ancient On or Hon, called afterwards Heliopolis, by the Greeks, on account of its magnificent temple, dedicated to the sun. Lat. 30° 48' N., Lon., 31° 58′ E. MATTHEWS, a co. in the E. part of Va., bordering on Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 7,442. Seat of justice, Matthews c. h.

MATHURA, mat-00-rå, sometimes written, and usually pronounced MUT-TRA, an ancient t. of Hindostan, supposed to have been the birth

• Barnstable, Berkshire, Bristol, Dukes, Essex, Franklin, Hampden, Hampshire, Middlesex, Nantucket, Norfolk, Plymouth, Suffolk, Worcester.

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; nổ, nôt; õõ as in good;

place of the deity Krishna, on which account it is highly venerated by the Hindoos. Lat. 27° 31' N., Lon. 77° 33′ E.

MATURA, må-too/-rå, a small fortified t. at the S. extremity of Ceylon, remarkable for a celebrated temple of Boodha, in its vicinity. Lat. 5° 58′ N., Lon. 80° 39′ E.

MAUCH CHUNK, a town or village of Pa., in Carbon co., on the r. Lehigh, about 70 m. in a straight line N. N. W. of Philadelphia. A railroad, about 8 m. in length, down an inclined plane, connects the coal-mines of Mauch Chunk with the town. The cars, when laden with coal, run the whole distance by their own weight, and require no other attention than to have their velocity occasionally moderated by means of a brake. They are drawn up by mules, which are rewarded for their severe labours by being allowed to ride down, in vehicles made for their especial accommodation. It is a curious fact, that after having become accustomed to the indulgence of riding, no severity or persuasion will induce them to walk down the inclined plane.

Maui, moul-e, sometimes written MowEE, one of the largest of the Sandwich Islands. about 25 m. distant from the N. extremity of Hawaii, and intersected by the 21st parallel of N. Lat. and the meridian of 156° 30′ W. Lon. Length, about 50 m.; greatest breadth, 30 m. Pop. 18,000. Lahaina (lå-hi-nå) is the principal town.

MAU-MEE', a r. which commences in Indiana, and, flowing through the N. W. part of Ohio, empties itself into Maumee Bay, at the W. end of L. Erie.

MAUMEE, a port of entry of Ohio, in Lucas co., on the above r., at the head of boat navigation.

MAURA, SANTA. See SANTA MAURA.

MAUREPAS, mol-re-på, a small L. in the eastern part of La., W. of, and communicating with L. Pontchartrain.

MAURITIUS, mau-rish'-e-us, or ISLE OF FRANCE, an i. of the Indian Ocean, intersected by the 20th parallel of S. Lat. and the meridian of 57° 30′ E. Lon. Length, near 40 m.; greatest breadth, about 25 m. The area is estimated at 700 m. ; the pop. at 100,000 (P. C.); about threefourths of whom were originally negro slaves, now free. Port Louis or Port North West, on the N. W. side of the island, is the capital. Lat. 20° 10° S., Lon. 57° 29′ E. Pop. 26,000. (P. C.)

Mauritius, with the neighbouring island of Bourbon, was discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, and the whole group was called the Mascarenhas (mås-kå-ren'-yås/) Islands, from the name of the discoverer. The Dutch afterwards took possession of Mauritius, which they named in honour of Maurice (in Latin Mauritius), the stadtholder of the Netherlands. In 1715, it fell into the hands of the French, who called it the Isle de France, but, in 1810, it was taken from them by the British, in whose possession it has since remained.

MAU-RY, a Co. in the S. W. central part of Tenn., intersected by Duck r. Pop. 28,186. Co. t. Columbia.

MAYENNE, må -yenn', a dep. in the W. N. W. part of France, inter

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. sected by a r. of the same name, which flows into the Loire. Pop. 361,765. (B.) Capital, Laval.

MAYENNE, a manufacturing t. of France, in the above dep., on the r. Mayenne, 18 m. N. N. E. of Laval. Pop. 8,790. (M.)

MAYN. See MAIN.

MAY-o, a co. in the W. part of Ireland, prov. of Connaught, bordering on the sea. Pop. in 1831, 367,956. (P. C.)

MAYS-VILLE, a t. of Ky., in Mason co., on the Ohio, about 60 m. N. E. of Lexington. Pop. 2,741.

MAZANDERAN, mâ-zån'-der-ån', usually pronounced, by the Persians, Må-zån'-der-oon', a prov. in the N. of Persia, S. of, and bordering on the Caspian Sea.

Mazzara, måt-s-rå, (Anc. Mazarum,) a fortified seaport t. of Sicily, on the S. W. coast, near the W. extremity of the island. Lat. 37° 40′ N., Lon. 12° 34' E. Pop. estimated at 8,000. (B.)

MEADE, a co. in the N. part of Ky., bordering on the Ohio r. Pop. 5,780. Co. t. Brandenburg.

MEAD-VILLE, the cap. of Crawford co., Pa., on French creek, a branch of the Alleghany r., about 32 m., in a straight line, S. of Erie. It is the seat of Alleghany College, founded in 1815.

MEATH, mеетн, a co. in the E. part of Ireland, prov. of Leinster, bordering on the sea. Pop. 176,826. (P. C.)

MEAUX, mo, (Anc. Jatinum, afterwards Meldi,) a t. of France, in the dep. of Seine and Marne, on the r. Marne, 25 m. E. N. E. of Paris. It contains a museum, a public library of 11,000 vols., and other institutions. Lat. 48° 58′ N., Lon. 2° 53′ E. Pop. in 1831, 8,481. (P. C.)

MEC/-CA, a celebrated city of Arabia, in the prov. of Hedjaz, remarkable as being the birth-place of Mahomet, and the great centre or capital of the Moslem religion. It is situated in a sterile valley, in the inidst of mountains, about two days' journey E. of its port Jidda, on the Red Sea. The most remarkable edifice is the temple of the Kaaba (kåål-ba); a massive structure, forming an oblong square, 18 paces long, 14 broad, and nearly 40 ft. high, covered by an immense curtain of black silk, on which is inscribed, in letters of gold, the sentence which imbodies the essential part of the Mahometan's creed: "There is no god but God; Mahomet is the prophet of God." The sacred fountain of Zem-zem-said to be that found by Hagar, when her son Ishmael was dying of thirst—is enclosed in a substantial square building, with marble basins for ablution, and a room appropriated for pilgrims, who come in crowds to taste, and to be purified by, its waters. Mecca appears to have lost the reputation which it once possessed as a seat of Mahometan learning. Lat. about 21° 30′ N., Lon. 40° 15′ E. Pop. uncertain, said to be above 80,000 during the period of pilgrimage (B.); at other times, it may be between 20,000 and 30,000-Adj. and inhab. MECCAWEE, mek/-kå-wee', sometimes written MECCAWAY.

MECHLIN, mek/-lin, or MECHELEN, meк'-el-en, (Fr. Malines, må`leen',) an archiepiscopal city of Belgium, in the prov. of Antwerp, on the Dyle, 14 m. N. N. E. of Brussels. It is regularly laid out with