ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

first institution of the kind in that country. Lat. 46° 18′ N., Lon. 23° 41 E. Pop. 6,000. (B.)

NAGY KAROLY, nody kåå/-roî`, a t. in the E. part of Hungary, 37 m. E. by N. of Debreczin, Pop. above 11,000. (P. C.)

NAGY SZOMBATH. See TYRNAU.

NAGY VARAD. See GROSS-WARDEIN.

NAIRN-SHIRE, a co. of Scotland, S. of, and bordering on Moray Frith. Pop. 9,217.

NAIRN, the cap. of the above, is a seaport t. at the mouth of a small river of the same name, which flows into Moray Frith. Pop. 2,672.

NA-MUR (Fr. pron. nå`-mür'; Flem. Namen, nå/-men); a prov. in the S. E. part of Belgium, bordering on France. Area, 1,413 sq. m. Pop. 212,725. (P. C.)

NAMUR (Lat. Namur/cum), the cap. of the above prov., situated at the confluence of the Sambre and the Meuse. It is regarded as the strongest fortress in Belgium, and is the seat of various manufactures, particularly of arms and cutlery. Lat. 50° 28′ N., Lon. 4° 51′ E. Pop. 19,000. (B.)

NANCY (Fr. pron. nån`-se'), a t. of France, the cap. of the dep. of Meurthe, and formerly of Lorraine, near the r. Meurthe, 30 m. S. of Metz. It has an académie universitaire, a royal college, a rich museum, a public library of 23,000 vols., and other institutions. Lat. 48° 42′ N., Lon. 6° 10′ E. Pop. 30,000. (B.)

NANGASAKI, nang-ga-sa-ke, a seaport t. of Japan, on the island of Keoo-seoo (Kiu-siu), the only place in the empire which is open to Europeans. The streets are narrow and winding; but the numerous temples render the appearance of the town picturesque to those approaching from a distance. Lat. 32° 46′ N., Lon. 129° 52′ E. Pop. variously estimated from 15,000 or 18,000 (P. C.), to 60,000 or 70,000 (M.) This great difference may perhaps be accounted for by the occasional influx of foreigners.

NAN-KIN OF NAN-KING/ called also KIANG NING, a large city of China, formerly the cap. of the empire, situated near the right bank of the river Yang-tse-kiang, about 120 m. from its mouth. It is enclosed by walls, nearly 20 m. in circuit, composed of limestone, cemented by sunburnt clay. The city has declined much, both in size and splendour, since the end of the 13th century, when Kublai-Khan removed the imperial residence to Pekin. At that time, Nankin was the largest town on the globe. The streets of this city, though not so wide as those of Pekin, are regular and generally handsome, clean, well-paved, and bordered with wellfurnished shops. The most remarkable edifice is the famous porcelain tower, an octagonal building, above 200 ft. high: each side of the base is 40 ft. long. There are 9 stories, of equal height; at the termination of each, a roof, built in the Chinese fashion, projects some feet on the outside, and under it is a passage round the tower. At the projecting corners of these roofs small bells are fastened, which sound with the slightest breeze. The material of which the walls are constructed is said to be a kind of white brick, made of fine clay. Nearly the whole

Fate, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, mêt; plne or pine, pin; nd, nôt; õõ as in good; of the interior is gilded. Nankin is connected by canals with the Yang-tse-Kiang; it carries on an active commerce, and is the seat of numerous manufactures. It is also distinguished as a centre of learning and the arts. Lat. 32° 5' N., Lon. 118° 47′ E. The pop., which is said to have once been 4,000,000, is at present estimated by Balbi at about 500,000.

NAN-SE-MOND', a co. in the S. E. part of Va., bordering on N. C. Pop. 10,795. Co. t. Suffolk.

NANTES (Fr. pron. nånt: Anc. Condevic/num; afterwards Namne!tes), a city of France, the cap. of the dep. of Lower Loire, delightfully situated on the N. bank of the Loire, 210 m. W. S. W. of Paris. It is, for the most part, well built, and contains about 20 places or squares. Among its various literary and scientific institutions, this town possesses a royal college, a school of medicine, a museum of antiquities, a valuable cabinet of natural history, a public library of 30,000 vols., &c. Nantes is one of the most commercial places in France, and is the seat of numerous manufactures. Lat. 47° 13′ N., Lon. 1° 32′ W. Pop. 75,150. (B.)

NAN-TUCK-ET, an i. in the Atlantic, belonging to Massachusetts, from the main land of which it is distant about 20 m. It is about 16 m. in length, with a mean breadth of 4 or 5 m. It forms the co. of Nantucket, which has a pop. of 9,012.

NANTUCKET, a port of entry, cap. of the above, is situated on the N. side of the i., with a good harbour. Lat. 41° 17′ N., Lon. 70° 6′ W. NANT-WICH, a t. of England, in Cheshire, 18 m. S. E. of Chester. Pop. 5,489.

NA-PLES (It. Napoli, nål-po-le: Anc. Parthen'ope and Neapolis), an archiepiscopal city and seaport of Italy, the cap. of a kingdom to which it gives its name, is situated on the N. side of a small bay of the Mediterranean, called the Gulf of Naples, 118 m. S. E. of Rome. It contains but few buildings deserving admiration for their architecture; they are generally either disproportionate in their parts, or overloaded with ornaments. The houses of Naples are flat-roofed and covered with a kind of stucco, which becomes indurated on exposure to the atmosphere. Most of them have balconies in front, making the streets, which are generally narrow, appear still narrower. The most remarkable edifices are: the royal palace (La Reggia, lå red/-jå), a large mass of buildings, constructed at different times; the new palace has a front nearly 400 ft. in length, with three orders of pillars, one above the other, Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian; the apartments are adorned with valuable paintings of the old Italian masters: the Palazzo degli Studj Publici (på-låt/-so del-ye stoo'-de-e, poob'-le-che), erected in the early part of the 17th century, originally intended and used for a university, but afterwards, in 1790, converted into a great national museum; this, called Museo Borbonico (moo-sa-o bon-bon'-e-ko), is said to be unrivalled in its collection of various antiquities; it contains also the Royal Library of 150,000 vols., which is open to the public. Naples possesses a great number of institutions for education, among which we may cite

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. the University, founded in 1224, and attended at present by about 1,500 students: the Lyceum del Salvatore: an establishment for unrolling and decyphering the manuscripts found at Herculaneum, and other ancient towns: a botanic garden, one of the richest in Italy: and a "Royal House for the Poor," where nearly 6,000 children are taught the different arts and trades, at the expense of the government. Naples is celebrated for its delicious climate and for the beauty of the surrounding country. The Observatory is in Lat. 40° 51′ 46′′ N., Lon. 14° 15′ 4′′ E. Pop. in 1835, exclusive of the garrison and non-resident foreigners, 350,000. (P. C.)--Adj. and inhab. NE`-A-POL-I-TAN.

NAPLES, KINGDOM OF, otherwise called THE KINGDOM OF THE TWO SICILIES, a state comprising the S. portion of Italy, with Sicily and the adjacent islands, situated between 36° 30′ and 43° N., Lat. and 11° 50′ and 18° 30' E. Lon. The length of the peninsular portion, following the curve, is near 390 m.; the breadth varies from about 13 m. to above 130 m. Area of the whole kingdom estimated at 42,000 sq. m. Pop. 7,420,000. (B.) The kingdom of Naples is divided into 22 provinces, or intendencies, 15 belonging to the peninsula, and 7 to Sicily. The gov. is nominally a limited monarchy, but approaches very nearly to a despotism. The reigning family is a branch of the house of Bourbon.

NAR-RONNE (Anc. Nar/bo Mar'tius), a city of France, in the dep. of Aude, 6 or 7 m. from the Mediterranean, on a canal which communicates with this sea and the r. Aude. It is surrounded by a wall flanked with towers, and entered by four gates. A Roman colony was planted here about 116 years before the Christian era. Narbo is afterwards mentioned by Cicero and Strabo as one of the most important cities of Gaul. Several fragments of Roman architecture may be seen here, incorporated in the walls of the town, and a number of inscriptions exist in excellent preservation. The pop. of Narbonne, which in the middle ages amounted to more than 40,000, is now only 10,000. (B.) Lat. 43° 11' N., Lon. 3° E.

NASH, a co. in the N. N. E. part of N. C., intersected by Tar r. Pop. 9,947. Co. t. Nashville.

NASH-O'-B, a Co. in the E. central part of Miss., intersected by Pearl r. Pop. 2,437. Co. seat, Philadelphia.

NASH'-VILLE, the largest t. in Tenn., the cap. of Davidson co. and of the state, is situated on the S. bank of the Cumberland r., which is navigable for steamboats to this place. It is the centre of an active trade. The University of Nashville, founded in 1806, is the principal literary establishment. Lat. 36° 9′ N., Lon. 86° 49′ W. Pop. 6,929. NAS-SAU (Ger. pron. nås-sou), DUCHY OF, a state of Germany, between 49° 55′ and 50° 50' N. Lat., and 7° 31' and 8° 35' E. Lon. The area is variously estimated, but is probably about 1,900 sq. m. Pop. in 1838, 379,272. (P. C.) The capital is Wisbaden.

NASSAU (usually pronounced Nas-sau), a co. forming the N. E. extremity of Florida. Pop. 1,892. Co. t. Fernandina.

NATCH-EZ, a port of entry and the principal t. of Miss., on the Mis

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, måt; pine or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õõ, as in good; sissippi r., near the S. W. extremity of the state. It is the centre of an extensive commerce, but the insalubrity of the climate has somewhat retarded its growth. Lat. 31° 34′ N., Lon. 91° 25′ W. Pop. 4,800.

NATCH-I-TOCH-Es, sometimes pronounced nak`-e-tush', a parish in the W. part of La., on the Red r. Pop. 14,350. Capital, Natchi

toches.

NAT-O'-LI-A, AN`-A-TO-LI-A or AN-A-DO-LI, (from the Greek avaron, i. e. the "rising or east," being equivalent to the French word levant,) a part of Asiatic Turkey, now generally considered as synonymous with the Asia Minor of the ancients. Natolia or Anadoli, in a more restricted sense, is employed to denote an extensive province, occupying the W. and N. W. portions of Asia Minor.

NAUM-BURG (Ger. pron. noum'-bōŎRG), a flourishing t. of Prussian Saxony, on the Saale, near its junction with the Unstrut. It is the seat of the supreme tribunal for the governments of Merseburg and Erfurt. Lat. 51° 9′ N., Lon. 11° 40′ E. Pop. 11,000. (B.)

NAU-PLI-A OF NAPOLI DI ROMANIA, nå'-po-le de ro-må-nee/-å, a seaport t. of Greece, in the E. part of the Morea, on a bay of the same name. The ancient Nauplia was the port and arsenal of Argos, during the flourishing period of Grecian history, but was almost or quite deserted in the time of the early Roman emperors. Under the Byzantine sovereigns it revived, and afterwards became the chief settlement of the Venetians in the Morea, until it was taken by the sultan Solyman, in 1537. Its situation, so picturesque and so advantageous for commerce and defence, caused it to be chosen, after the war of independence, for the capital of Greece; but, in 1834, the seat of government was transferred to Athens. Lat. 37° 34′ N., Lon. 22° 47′ E. Pop. probably near 12,000. (B.)

NAV-AN, a t. of Ireland, at the confluence of the rivers Blackwater and Boyne, 26 m. N. by W. of Dublin. Pop. in 1831, including the suburbs, about 6,000. (M.)

NAVARINO, nav-a-ree/-no, or NEOCASTRO, nå`-o-kås/-tro, a small t. and fortress of Greece, in the S. W. part of the Morea, on a bay of the same name, remarkable as the scene of a great naval contest, October 20th, 1827, between the combined fleet of the French, English, and Russians, under Admiral Codrington, and the Turco-Egyptian fleet, commanded by Ibrahim Pasha. The allies gained a complete victory, which established the independence of Greece.

NAV-ARRE (Sp. pron. Navarra, nå-var/-rå), a prov. and formerly a kingdom of Spain, bounded on the N. by France, S. E. by Aragon, S.W. by Old Castile, and W. by the Basque provinces or Biscay. Length from N. to S., about 80 m.; greatest breadth, from E. to W., 64 m. Pamplona is the capital.-Adj. and inhab. NAV`-AR-RESE.

NAVIGATORS' ISLANDS, a group in the Pacific, between 13° and 15° S. Lat., and 169° and 173° W. Lon.

NAXIA, nax-eel-a (Anc. Nax/os), a Grecian i., the most fertile of the Cyclades, intersected by the 37th parallel of N. Lat. and the meridian

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

381

of 25° 30′ E. Lon. Length, 21 m.; greatest breadth, 15 m. Pop. estimated at 10,000. (P. C.) The chief town, called also Naxia, is on the N. W. side of the island. Pop. 4,000. (M.)

NEAGH, LOUGH, lòн nà, the largest lake in the United Kingdom, is situated in the N. E. part of Ireland, about 90 m. N. of Dublin. Its form resembles a parallelogram. Length about 20 m.; greatest breadth, rather more than 10 m.; greatest depth, about 100 ft.

NECK/-AR, a r. in the S. W. of Germany, which flows through Würtemberg and Baden, and joins the Rhine at Manheim.

NE-COS-TA, a co. in the W. central part of Mich.

NEDJD, nej'd, or NEDJ/-ED, an extensive prov. occupying the central part of Arabia, inhabited chiefly by wandering tribes of Bedouins.

NEG-RO-PONT or EG-RI-PO (Anc. Eubœ'a), a large i. near the E. coast of continental Greece, between 37° 57' and 39° 4' N. Lat. and 22° 57′ and 24° 35′ E. Lon. It is about 110 m. long, and from 3 or 4 to 26 m. wide. The channel (Anc. Euri'pus) which separates this island from the main land varies from 40 yards to about 14 m. in breadth. On the narrowest part is situated Egripos or Negropont (Anc. Chal'cis), the chief town of the island. Lat. 38° 30′ N., Lon. 23° 54'

E.

Pop., before the war of independence, estimated at 16,000. (B.) NEISSE, ni'-ceh, a well-built t. and fortress of Prussian Silesia, the cap. of a principality of the same name, which belongs partly to Prussia and partly to Austria. The town is situated on the r. Neisse, a branch of the Oder, and is regarded as one of the most important fortresses in the Prussian dominions. In case of a siege, the adjacent country can be laid under water. It contains, besides other manufactories, a powdermill and a royal manufactory of arms. Lat. 50° 25′ N., Lon. 17° 16'

E. Pop. above 10,000. (B.)

NEL-SON, a co. in the S. E. central part of Va., bordering on James r. Pop. 12,287. Co. t. Livingston.

NELSON, a co. in the N. central part of Ky., S. W. of Frankfort. Pop. 13,687. Co. t. Bardstown.

NELSON RIVER. See SASKATCHAWAN.

NENAGH, na'-Da, a t. of Tipperary, Ireland, near a r. of the same name, which flows into the Shannon, 87 m. W. S. W. of Dublin. Pop. in 1831, 8,446. (M.)

NEOT'S, ST., sent neets, or s'n neets, a small t. of England, in Huntingdonshire, on the Ouse, 50 m. N. by W. of London.

NE-PAUL OF NEPAL, an independent kingdom of Hindostan, situated between 26° 30′ and 30° 50′ N. Lat., and 80° and 88° E. Lon. Length above 500 m.; mean breadth about 100 m. Pop. 2,500,000. (B.) The government is despotic; the prevailing religion is Boodhism. Catmandoo is the capital.-Adj. and inhab. NEP-A UL-EŞE'.

NER-BUD-DAH or Nar-ma-da, a large r. of Hindostan, which rises in the prov. of Gundwana, in about 22° 40′ N. Lat. and 82° E. Lon., and, flowing westerly, falls into the Gulf of Cambay, in Lat. 21° 36 N., Lon. 72° 50′ E., after a course of about 700 m.

NESS, LOCH, lok ness, a lake of Scotland, in Inverness-shire; it is