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ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. valley, a little more than 200 m. S. S. E. of Ispahan. Lat. 29° 36′ N., Lon. 52° 44′ E. Pop. probably about 30,000. (B.)

SHIRVAN, shir-vån', (Schirvan,) lately a prov. of Persia, now belonging to Russia. It borders of Georgia and the Caspian Sea.

SHOA, sho'-å, (or Shwa,) an independent kingdom in the S. part of Abyssinia. Having suffered less from civil wars, it appears to be more populous, and better cultivated, than the other parts of that extensive country.

SHOOMLA (Schumla), shoom/-lå, sometimes written SHOOмNA, a manufacturing and commercial t. and important fortress of European Turkey, on the road between Roostchook and Constantinople, about 190 m. N. N. W. of the latter town. Lat. 43° 15' N., Lon. near 27° E. Pop. estimated at from 20,000 to 30,000. (B. and M.)

SHOOS-TER OF SHU-STER, a decayed city of Persia, formerly the cap. of the prov. of Khoozistan, on the Karoon. Lat. 32° N., Lon. about 49° E. Pop. estimated at 20,000. (B.)

SHREWSBURY, shroze/-ber-re, or shruzel-ber-re, a t. of England, cap. of Shropshire, on the Severn, 138 m. N. W. of London. Pop. of the borough, including an area of about 23 sq. m., 18,285.

SHROPSHIRE, called otherwise the county of SA'-LOP, a co. in the W. part of England, intersected by the Severn, and bordering on Wales. Pop. 239,048.

SHUMLA. See SHOOMLA.

SHUSTER. See SHOOSTER.

Si-AM or se'-am' (called, by the Birmese, Yoo'-drå), an extensive country of Chin-India, between 5° and 20° N. Lat., and about 98° and 104° E. Lon. Its extent and boundaries, especially towards the N., are very imperfectly known: on the W. it borders on the r. Tenasserim and the British provinces of this name; on the S. it is bounded by independent Malacca and the Gulf of Siam. Population estimated at 3,600,000. (B.) Siam is extremely rich in natural productions. Rice is particularly abundant, and is exported in large quantities. The fruits of this country are noted for their richness and exquisite flavour. Boodhism is the prevailing religion of the Siamese. The government is an absolute despotism. Capital, Bangkok.-Adj. and inhab. SI-AM-ESE!.

SIAM, GULF OF, is situated between the Malay peninsula, on the W., and Cambodia on the E. Length, about 500 m.; greatest breadth, 350 m.

SI-BE-RI-A, a vast territory belonging to Russia, and occupying the whole northern part of the Asiatic continent. It is situated between 47° 30′ and 77° 40′ N. Lat., and 59° and 190° E. Lon.; bounded on the N. by the Frozen Ocean, E. by the Pacific, S. by the Chinese empire and Independent Tartary, and W. by Europe. Length, from E. to W., about 4,000 m.; greatest breadth, from N. to S., near 2,000 m. Area estimated at 5,333,000 sq. m. The pop., including the Circassian provinces, was estimated by Balbi, in 1826, at 3,600,000.—Adj. and inhab. SI-BE/ -I-AN.

Fåte, får, fåll, fat; mě, mět; pine or pine, pin; no, nôt; ŏŏ as in good;

SICILY, sis/-sil-e, (Anc. Sicil'ia; It. Sicilia, se-chee'-le-å,) the most important i. in the Mediterranean, forming a part of the Neapolitan kingdom, situated between 36° 38′ and 38° 19' N. Lat., and 12° 25′ and 15° 40′ E. Lon. It is separated from the S. extremity of Italy by the Strait (or Faro) of Messina, which, in its narrowest part, is only about 2 m. wide. Its form resembles a triangle, whence it was called by the ancients Trinacria.* Length, a little more than 180 m.; greatest breadth, measuring from the N. E. to the S. E. angle of the island, 117 m. Area estimated at 9,900 sq. m. Pop. in 1836, above 2,000,000. (P. C.) Sicily has always been noted for its fertility, and was anciently regarded as the granary of Rome. Palermo is the capital.Adj. and inhab. SICILIAN, Se-sil'-yun.

ŠID-MOUTH, a watering place and small seaport t. of England, in Devonshire, 13 m. E. S. E. of Exeter.

SI-EN-NA, or, more properly, SIENA, se-en-å, (Anc. Se'na Ju’lia, or simply Sena,) an archiepiscopal city of Central Italy, in Tuscany, cap. of a prov. of its own name, 30 m. S. by W. of Florence. Among its public edifices may be mentioned the Cathedral, which is one of the oldest in Italy, and may be regarded as a gallery of the fine arts, being richly adorned with the most superb productions in sculpture and painting; the pavement is a kind of mosaic-work: Siena has a university, attended by about 300 students, a town library of 50,000 vols., and several other institutions for the promotion of learning. In the middle ages, Siena was the capital of a republic which acted a conspicuous part in the drama of those times. In the early part of the 14th century, the pop. of the town and suburbs amounted to 180,000. (P. C.) Lat. 43° 22′ N., Lon. 11° 10′ E. Present pop. about 19,000. (P. C.)-Adj. and inhab. SI-EN-EŞE'.

SI-ER-RA LE-O-NE (properly Leona), a cape on the W. coast of Africa, near 8° 30′ N. Lat.: also, an English colony in its vicinity, established in 1787. Since the abolition of the slave trade, in 1807, the slaves captured by the British cruisers have been settled here, and these now form much the largest portion of the population of the colony. The climate on this part of the African coast is singularly unhealthy, owing to a combination of extreme humidity with a uniformly high temperature. Pop. in 1839, about 42,000. (P. C.) Freetown, the capital, stands on the N. bank of the r. Sierra Leone, near its mouth. Lat. 8° 30' N., Lon. 13° 15′ W. Pop. above 6,000, among whom are about 120 Europeans. (P. C.)

SIGMARINGEN. See HOHENZOLLERN.

SILESIA, si-lee-she-a, (Ger. Schlesien, shlà-se-en; Polish, Szlask, shlossk,) a country in the N. E. part of Germany, lying around the upper portion of the Oder; bounded on the N. by Posen, E. by Poland, S. E. by Austrian Galicia, S. by Moravia, and S. W. by Bohemia; now divided between Austria and Prussia:-Adj. and inhab. SILESIAN, si-leeshe-an.

From Tpes (treis) "three," and axpov (akron), a "point or promontory."

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

SILESIA, AUSTRIAN, a territory now forming a part of the prov. of Moravia. Area, 1,750 sq. m. Pop. 430,000. (P. C.)

SILESIA, PRUSSIAN, an important prov. forming the S. E. portion of the Prussian monarchy. Area, 15,600 sq. m. Pop. 2,868,820. (P. C.) SIL-IS-TRI-A (called Dris/-trå by the Turks), a fortified city of European Turkey, in Bulgaria, cap. of an eyalet of the same name, on the Danube, 63 m. E N. E. of Roostchook. Lat. about 44° 10′ N., Lon. 27° 10 E. Pop. estimated at 20,000. (B.)

SIMBIRSK OF SIM-BEERSK', a t. of European Russia, cap. of a gov. of the same name, on the Volga. Lat. 54° 15′ N., Lon. 48° 30′ E. Pop. 13,500. (P. C.)

SIM-PHER-O-POL (Simferopel) or AKMETCHET, a t. of European Russia, in the Crimea, cap. of the gov. of Taurida. Lat. about 45° N., Lon. 34° 4' E. Pop. about 6,000. (P. C.)

SIMP-SON, a co. in the S. central part of Miss., E. of, and bordering on Pearl r. Pop. 3,380. Co. seat, Westville.

SIMPSON, a co. in the S. part of Ky., bordering on Tenn. Pop. 6,537. Co. t. Franklin.

SINDE, an extensive country in the N. W. part of Hindostan, comprising the lower portion and delta of the Indus, situated between 23° and 28° N. Lat., and 67° and 71° E. Lon. It now belongs to the British.

SINGAPORE, Sing -ga-pore, or SINGA POOR, an important and flourishing commercial settlement belonging to the British, at the S. extremity of the Malay peninsula, including the island of Singapore (about 25 m. in length), and a number of islets in the vicinity. Its port has been declared free. Pop. in 1836, 29,984. (P. C.)

SI-OOT (Siout-Anc. Lycopolis), also written Es-SLOOT, a considerable t., regarded as the cap. of Upper Egypt, on the left bank of the Nile. In its vicinity are many interesting remains of antiquity. Lat. 27° 13′ N., Lon. 31° 13′ E. Pop. estimated at from 12 to 20,000. (B.) SIOUX, usually pronounced soo, (Fr. pron. se-oo',) a numerous and powerful nation of Indians inhabiting the territory between the Mississippi and Missouri rivers.

SIS-TO-VA OF SHTAB, a manufacturing and commercial t. of European Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the Danube. Lat. 43° 38′ N., Lon. 25° 20′ E. Pop. estimated at 21,000. (B.)

SIVAS. See SEEVAS.

SIWAH. See SEEWAH.

SKAG-ER RACK (i. e. Skagen Rack,* the "crooked strait of Skagen"?) the channel which connects the Cattegat with the North Sea. SKAGEN (the Skaw) is a cape forming the N. point of Jutland.

SKÅNE, skol-na, a former prov. occupying the S. part of Sweden. SKIB`-BER-EEN', a thriving t. near the S. W. extremity of Ireland, in the co. of Cork. Lat. 51° 33' N., Lon. 9° 15′ W. Pop. 4,430. (M.) SKYE, an i. of Scotland, after Lewis the largest of the Hebrides, between 57° 3′ and 57° 41' N. Lat., and 5° 36′ and 6° 46′ W. Lon. It is about 38 m. in length, and 23 m. in its greatest breadth. Area esti

• Rack signifies a passage difficult to navigate on account of its sudden bending. It is probably from the same root as the Anglo-Saxon Hraca or Raca and the German Rachen, signifying “throat."

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mê, mit; plne or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õõ as in good; mated at 537 sq. m. Pop. 23,082. It belongs to the co. of Inverness.

SLAV-O-NI-A or SCLAVONIA, a prov. of the Austrian empire, between the r. Save, on the S., and the Danube and Drave, on the N., extending from about 44° 40′ to near 46° N. Lat., and from 16° 40′ to 20° 30′ E Lon. Area 3,600 sq. m. Pop. 315,000. (M.) The Slavonians (Lat. Sclavi'ni; Gr. Exhaßvoi), appear to have possessed, during the decline of the Roman empire, the greater portion of E. Europe. The Poles, Boemians, Illyrians, and Russians are considered to be of Slavonic origin. -Adj. SLAV-O-NI-AN, SLAV-ON-IC, and SLAV/-IC; inhab. SLAVONIAN. SLES-WICK (Dan. Slesvig, sles'-vig; Ger. Schleswig, shles/-WiG), & duchy belonging to Denmark, comprising the S. part of the peninsula of Jutland, between 54° 15′ and 55° 30′ N. Lat., and 8° 37' and 10° 14' E. Lon. Area 3,450 sq. m. Pop. about 340,000. (P. C.)

SLESWICK, a seaport t. of Denmark, cap. of the above duchy, on an arm of the sea called the Slie (slee). Lat. 54° 31′ N., Lon. 9° 34 E Pop. about 8,000. (B.)

SLI-GO, a co. in the N. W. part of Ireland, prov. of Connaught, bordering on the sea. Pop. in 1831, 171,765. (P. C.)

SLIGO, a seaport t. of Ireland, cap. of the above county, on a bay of the same name. Lat. 54° 17′ N., Lon. 8° 25′ W. Pop. in 1831, 15,152. (P. C.)

SLOBODE UKRAINA, slo'-bo-dà oo-krå-ee/-nå, otherwise called KHARKOF, a gov. in the S. part of European Russia, N. of the Sea of Azof. It derives the prefix of Slobode from its having been settled, in the 17th century, by Cossacks, who founded here five large villages-Slo/bodi signifying a Cossack village. Capital, Kharkof.

SMÅLAND, smo-lånd, a former prov. occupying the S. E. part of Sweden, now divided into the districts or läns of Calmar, Wexio, and Jönköping.

SMITH, a co. in the S. central part of Miss., a little E. of Pearl r. Pop. 1,961. Co. seat, Raleigh.

SMITH, & co. in the N. part of Tenn., bordering on Ky. and the Cumberland r. Pop. 21,179. Co. t. Carthage.

SMO-LENSK, Sometimes written SMOLENSKO, a strongly fortified t. of European Russia, cap. of a gov. of the same name, on the Dnieper. It is remarkable as the scene of the first serious conflict between the French and Russians, in the campaign of 1812, when it was set on fire, and two-thirds of it reduced to ruins. Lat. 54° 50′ N., Lon. about 32° E. Pop. above 12,000. (P. C.)

SMYRNA, smir-ną, (Turk. Iz-meer',) an ancient and celebrated city and seaport of Asiatic Turkey, and the principal emporium of Western Asia, situated on the W. coast of Asia Minor, at the extremity of a gulf of its own name, which forms a convenient and capacions harbour. The town, with its domes and minarets, has a fine appearance when approaching it from the sea, but a great part of the interior consists of mean wooden houses, with narrow, crooked, dirty, ill-paved streets. Smyrna is the residence of a mollah of the first class; also, of a Greek and an Armenian archbishop. Lat. 38° 28' N., Lon. 27° 7′ E. Pop. estimated at above 130,000. (B.)-Adj. and inhab. SMYR/-NI-OT.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. SMYTHE, a co. in the S. W. part of Va., on the sources of the Holston r. Pop. 6,522. Co. t. Marion.

SNOW-DEN, a mountain of Wales, in Caernarvonshire, about 10 m. S. E. of Caernarvon. It is the highest mountain in Great Britain, S. of the Scottish border, having an elevation of 3,571 ft. above the sea. SNOW HILL, a port of entry of Md., cap. of Worcester co., on the Pocomoke r., about 90 m. S. E. of Annapolis.

SOCIETY ISLANDS, a group in the Pacific, between 16° and 18° S. Lat., and 148° and 156° W. Lon. Of these islands, Tahiti or Otaheite is by far the largest and most important. (See TAHITI) Among the others, we may name Raiatea (ri-å-tà'-å), Eimeo or Aimeo (i-mà'-o), Huahine (hoo`-a-hee'-nå), Borabora (bo`-rå-bo1-rå) or Bolabola,* and Tahaa (tå-håå) or Otaha. The inhabitants of these islands appear to be inferior in mental capacity to the Sandwich Islanders; but, through the indefatigable labours of the English missionaries, civilization has made very considerable progress among them, and most of them have embraced the Christian religion. They can generally read and write. A press has, for many years, been actively engaged in supplying them with publications in their own language.-Inhab. SOCIETY ISLANDER.

So-co-TRA or So-co'-TO-RA (Anc. Dioscoridis Insula), an i. in the Indian Ocean, E. of Cape Guardafui, intersected by the parallel of 12° 30′ N. Lat., and the 54th meridian of E. Lon. Length, about 80 m.; greatest breadth, 25 m. A large portion of Socotra is desert, though some parts are covered with abundant vegetation. Among other plants may be mentioned the Aloe Socotrina, yielding the Socotrine aloes of commerce, which forms the principal export of the island.-Adj. So-colTRAN, and Soc'-o-TRINE; inhab. SocoTRAN.

SOFALA, So-få'-lå, (supposed by some to be the Ophir mentioned in the Scriptures,) a decayed t. on the E. coast of Africa, near 20° S. Lat., once the cap. of a kingdom of the same name, celebrated for the abundence of gold obtained there. It belongs to the Portuguese.

SOISSONS, Swås`-son', almost swi`-son', (Anc. Augus'ta Sues'sionum; afterwards Sues/siones), a fortified t. of France, in the dep. of Aisne, on the r. Aisne. Lat. 49° 28′ N., Lon. 3° 20′ E. Pop. 7,864. (M.) SOLEURE, SO`-lUR', (Ger. Solothurn, so'-lo-tooRn',) a canton in the N. N. W. part of Switzerland, intersected by the Aar. Area, 256 sq. m. Pop. in 1835, 62,400. (P. C.)

SOLEURE OF SOLOTHURN (Anc. Salodu/rum), the cap. of the above canton, is situated on the Aar, 18 m. N. by E. of Berne. The Cathedral of St. Ursus (or Urse), of this place, is regarded as the finest church in Switzerland. The Polish patriot, Kosciusko, died at Soleure, October, 1817, having resided here the last two years of his life. Lat. 47° 12′ N., Lon. 7° 32' E.

SOMERSET, Sum/-er-set, a co. in the N. W. part of Maine, bordering on Canada. Pop. 33,912. Co. t. Norridgewock.

*See SANDWICH ISLANDS: note.

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