ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TI, as in this; N, nearly like ng. building is the Cathedral of Notre Dame (nötr dâm), one of the finest Gothic edifices that exist; its spire rises to the height of 500 or perhaps 530 English ft., being the highest in the world. Strasbourg is one of the most important commercial and manufacturing towns in France. It possesses an académie universitaire (before the French Revolution it had a Protestant university), a royal college, a public library of 50,000 vols. (P..C.), and many other literary and scientific institutions. The common language of the citizens of Strasbourg is German, but French is spoken by the educated classes. The Observatory is in Lat. 48° 34′ 40′′ N., Lon. 4° 45′ 12′′ E. Pop. 50,000. (B.) STRAT-FORD-UPON-A-VON, a little t. of England, in Warwickshire, on the Avon, 8 m. S. W. of Warwick, celebrated as the birth-place of Shakspeare.

STUHLWEISSENBURG, stool-Wil-cen-bŏŏRG`, (Hung. Szekes Fejérvár, sa-kêsh fa-yair-vår,) a t. of Hungary, once the residence of the Hungarian kings, 35 m. S. W. of Buda. Pop. 13,000. (B.)

STUTTGART OF STUTTGARD (Ger. pron. stoot/-gart), a city of Germany, cap. of the kingdom of Würtemberg, on a little stream called the Nesenbach (na/-zen-bak`) near its confluence with the Neckar. It has been greatly embellished since the commencement of the present century. Among the remarkable buildings, may be mentioned the new Royal Palace, which is a noble structure, and contains a valuable collection of paintings and statues. The Public Royal Library contains 200,000 vols., among which is a unique collection of 12,000 Bibles, of 4,000 different editions, in 68 languages. (P. C.) Stuttgard has a gymnasium, with 30 professors, and numerous other institutions for education. Lat. 48° 46′ N., Lon. 9° 11′ E. Pop. 40,000. (B.)

SUABIA, Swa'-be-a, a country in the S. of Germany, which, in the middle ages, constituted a powerful duchy, when the Suabians were the richest, most civilized, and most respected of all the nations of Germany. The name had disappeared from the maps of Germany, but a few years ago the king of Bavaria restored the ancient historical names, and gave that of Suabia to the circle of the Upper Danube. Suabia is supposed to be derived from the Suevi, an ancient and powerful German nation.—Adj. and inhab. SUABIAN, swà'-be-ạn. SUDAN. See SOODAN.

SUEZ, sool-ez (Arab. Soo-ez!) ISTHMUS OF, is situated between the N. extremity of the Red Sea and the Mediterranean, and connects Africa with Asia. Its breadth, in the narrowest part, is about 65 m.

SUF-FOLK, a co. in the E. part of England, bordering on the German Ocean. Pop. 315,073.

SUFFOLK, a co. in the E. part of Mass., on Massachusetts Bay. Pop. 95,773. Co. t. Boston.

SUFFOLK, a Co. of N. Y., occupying the E. portion of Long Island. Pop. 32,469. Seat of justice, Suffolk c. h.

* Some writers say 130,000 volumes.

Fate, far, fall, fất; mẻ, mét; plne or pine, pin; nó, nỗt; ðó as in good;

SUIR, shure, a r. in the S. E. part of Ireland, flowing into Waterford harbour.

SUL-LI-YAN, a co. in the W. part of N. H., bordering on the Connec ticut r. Pop. 20,340. Co. t. Newport.

SULLIVAN, a co. in the S. E. part of N. Y., bordering on the Delsware r. Pop. 15,629. Co. t. Monticello.

SULLIVAN, a co. near the N. E. extremity of Tenn., bordering on Va. Pop. 10,736. Co. t. Blountsville.

SULLIVAN, a co. in the W. part of Ind., bordering on the Wabash Pop. 8,315. Co. t. Merom.

SUMATRA, 800-mål-tra, an important i., the most westerly of the Malaisian group, and, next to Borneo, the largest in the eastern seas, be tween 5° 50' N. and 6° S. Lat., and 95° 20′ and 106 E. Lon. It length is above 1,000 m.; its greatest breadth about 240 m. The area is computed at 160,000 sq. m. Population vaguely estimated at 2,000,000. (M.) The vegetable productions of this island are those common to tropical countries; rice, pepper, and camphor are the most important. The quantity of pepper produced annually is estimated by McCulloch at 30,009,000 lbs., which is in fact more than the whole produce of pepper in all other parts of the globe. Sumatra was once noted for its gold, and a considerable quantity is still exported: it als contains rich mines of copper ore, which, however, are but little work ed. The Dutch have possessions at Padang, Bencoolen, and other parts of the S. W. coast; but a large portion of the island is independentAdj. and inhab. SUMATRAN, SOO-må/-tran.

SUMBAWA, Sum-baw/-wa, an i. of Malaisia, between 8° 20′ and 9 20' S. Lat., and 116° 40′ and 119° 20' E. Lon. Length about 170 m; greatest breadth above 60 m. The Dutch have established some st of authority in the eastern districts, but a large portion of the island a independent.

SUM-MIT, a co. in the N. E. part of Ohio, intersected by the Cay hoga r. Pop. 22,560. Co. t. Akron.

SUM-NER, a co. in the N. part of Tenn., between the Cumberland and the border of Ky. Pop. 22,445. Co. t. Gallatin.

SUM-TER, a dist. in the E. central part of S. C., bordering on t Santee r. Pop. 27,892. Seat of justice, Sumterville c. h.

SUMTER, a co. in the W. S. W. part of Ga., bordering on Flint t Pop. 5,759. Co. t. Americus.

SUMTER, a co. in the W. part of Ala., between the Tombigbee a the border of Miss. Pop. 29,937. Co. t. Livingston.

SUNBURY, Sun'-ber-re, a port of entry of Ga., in Liberty co., on u Medway r., at the head of St. Catherine's Sound.

SUN-DA, a term of unknown origin, which has been applied to south-western and larger portion of Malaisia. Java, Borneo, Sumet and Celebes, are often called the Greater Sunda Islands: the La Sunda Islands are situated between 5° and 11° S. Lat., and 114 135° E. Lon., including, besides many other smaller ones, the is of Timor, Flores, Sumbawa, Bali, and Timorlaut.

3

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

SUN-DER-LAND, a commercial t. and sea port of England, in the co. of Durbain, on the Wear, at its entrance into the North Sea, and 13 m. N. E. of Durham, with which town it is connected by a railway. Shipbuilding is more extensively carried on here than anywhere else in the kingdom. Lat. 54° 55′ N., Lon. 1° 21' W. Pop. 17,022.

SUPERIOR, LAKE, the largest and most westerly of the five great lakes, which are connected with the St. Lawrence, between 46° 35' and 49° N. Lat., and 84° 30′ and 92° 20′ W. Lon. The length, following the bend of the lake, is about 400 m.; greatest breadth, above 160 m. Area estimated at 28,000 sq. m. The surface is about 640 ft. above the Atlantic; the mean depth is stated at 900 ft. Lake Superior is probably the largest body of fresh water on the globe.

SURAT, 800-rat', a large commercial city of Hindostan, cap. of Guzerat, on the Taptee, about 20 m. from its entrance into the Gulf of Cambay Bombay has deprived it of a large part of that commerce for which it was formerly so celebrated; but it still carries on a considerable trade with Arabia, and possesses some flourishing manufactures. Lat. 21° 11' N., Lon. 72° 50 E. Pop. estimated by Balbi at 160,000, though some writers make it much higher.

SURINAM. See GUIANA, DUTCH.

SURINAM, SOO`-re-nam', a r. of South America, in Dutch Guiana, flowing into the Atlantic. Length, about 300 m. It is navigable for large ships about 4 leagues from the coast, and for river barges above 50 m. farther.

SUR/-REY, a co. in the S. E. part of England, S. of, and bordering on the Thames. Pop. 582,678.

SUR-RY, a co. in the S. E. part of Va., bordering on James r. Pop. 6,489. Seat of justice, Surry c. h.

SURRY, a co. in the N. N. W. part of N. C., bordering on Va. Pop. 15,079. Co. t. Rockford.

SUS -QUE-HAN-NA, a large r. of the U. S., formed by the union of two principal branches. The E. branch rises in Otsego Lake, in the S. E. central part of N. Y., and, flowing in a general south-westerly course, is joined by the W. branch at Northumberland, about 43 m. N. of Harrisburg their united waters then flow southerly, and fall into the N. extremity of Chesapeake Bay. Its whole length may be estimated at near 350 m. The navigation is obstructed in the lower part of its course by numerous rapids.

SUSQUEHANNA, a co. in the N. E. part of Pa., on the E. branch of the above r., and bordering on N. Y. Pop. 21,195. Co. t. Montrose. Sus/-SEX, a co. in the S. E. part of England, bordering on the English Channel. Pop. 299,753.

SUSSEX, a co. forming the N. E. extremity of N. J. Pop. 21,770. Co. t. Newton.

SUSSEX, the southernmost of the counties of Del. Pop. 25,093. Co. t. Georgetown.

SUSSEX, a cr. in the S. E. part of Va., intersected by the Nottaway r. Pop. 11,229 Seat of justice, Sussex c. h.

Fåte, får, fåll, fat; mẻ, met; pine, or pine, pin; nò, nôt; ōō as in good.

SUTH-ER-LAND, a co. occupying the N. W. extremity of Scotland, and extendiug across the island to Dornoch Frith. Pop. 24,782. SU-WA-NEE, a r. which rises in Ga., and flows through Florida into the Gulf of Mexico.

SWABIA. See SUABIA.

SWAN-SEA, a seaport t. of Wales, in Glamorganshire, on the Bristol Channel, at the mouth of the Tawe. Lat. 51° 37' N., Lon. 3° 55′ W. Pop. 16,797.

SWE-DEN (in Swedish, Swerige, swirl-e-gêh), a monarchy in the N. W. part of Europe, comprising the E. part of the Scandinavian pe ninsula, situated between 55° 20′ and 69° N. Lat., and 11° 10′ and 24° 20 E. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Norway and Russian Lapland, E and S. E. by Russia and the Baltic, and W. by the Cattegat, the Skager Rack, and Norway. Length, above 950 m.; greatest breadth, about 260 m. Area estimated at 170,000 sq. m. Pop. in 1839, 3,109,772 (P. C.) The mines of Sweden form an important source of national wealth. Swedish iron is noted for its superior quality. There are some extensive copper mines; that at Fahlun is the most remarkable. (See FAHLUN.) The established religion of Sweden is the Lutheran While all sects are tolerated, none but Lutherans can be promoted to any employment in the state. The government is a limited monarchy. hereditary in the male line. Sweden and Norway, though at present united under one king, have distinct and separate constitutions. Stockholm is the capital.-Adj. SwE-DISH; inhab. SWEDE.

SWINEMÜNDE, swee`-nçh-mün'-dẹh, (i. e. “Swinemouth,") a smal commercial t. and seaport of Prussia, on the Swine (swee/-ngh), one of the outlets of the Stettiner-Haff, at its entrance into the Baltic. Lat. 53° 53′ N., Lon. 14° 23′ E. Pop. 3,600. (B.)

SWITZ-ER-LAND (Ger. Schweitz, shwites; Fr. La Suisse, lå swiss; Anc. Helve'tia), a mountainous country in the southern part of Europe, between 45° 48′ and 47° 48' N. Lat., and 5° 57' and 10° 30′ E. Lon; bounded on the N. and E. by Germany, S. by Italy, and W. and N.W. by France. Length, near 230 m.; greatest breadth, above 140 m. Area, about 15,000 sq. m. Pop., in 1839, 2,188,395. (P. C.) Switzerland is a republic, consisting of 22 confederated states, called cantons, viz. Aargau (Argovie), Appenzell, Basel (Bâle), Bern, Freyburg, Gall, St., Geneva, Glarus, Grisons, Lucerne, Neufchâtel, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn (Soleure), Thurgau, Ticino (Tessin), Unterwalden, Uri, Valais, Vaud, Zug, and Zürich. The inhabitants of Switzerland consist of three classes-Germans, French, and Italians. The former dwell chiefly in the cantons Zürich, Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden, Glarus, Zug, Appenzell, St. Gall, Thurgau, Schaffhausen, and Aargau, and constitute about seven-tenths of the entire population. The French Swiss are found principally in Neufchâtel, Geneva, Vaud, and a part of Soleure, Freyburg, Valais, Bâle, and Bern. The Italian Swiss are far less numerous, and inhabit only Ticino and some parts of Grisons and Valais. The German language is employed in the genera. affairs of the confederation and in the government of the particular cantons, with the exception of Geneva, Neufchâtel, Vaud, and Ticino. (B.)

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. All the cantons of Switzerland are republics, excepting Neufchâtel, in which the king of Prussia exercises the right of sovereignty. The Swiss confederation has no permanent capital; by a federal enactment of 1815, Zurich, Bern, and Lucerne, are alternately the seat of the general government.-Adj. Swiss; inhab. Swiss, and sometimes SWITZ!-ER.

SWITZERLAND, a co. forming the S. E. extremity of Ind. Pop. 9,920. Co. t. Vevay.

SYD-NEY, an important commercial t. of New Holland, cap. of the colony of New South Wales, on the S. side of the bay called Port Jackson, which forms, perhaps, the finest natural basin in the world. This bay is about 15 m. long; the anchorage is everywhere excellent, and ships are perfectly protected from every wind. Sydney was originally founded in 1788, as a colony for convicts; but it appears that considerably more than half of the present population, which amounted in 1841 to 29,973, came free to the colony, while about 7,000, or nearly one-fourth, have been born here. Lat. 33° 55′ S., Lon. 150° 10′ E.

SYR-A-CUSE (Anc. Syracu'sæ; It. Siracasa, se-rå-kå'-så); a celebrated city and seaport of Sicily, on the E. coast, about 30 m. S. S. E. of Catania. Its harbour, once so famous, is now choked with sand, and little remains, except its vast ruins, to remind the spectator of the proud metropolis of ancient Sicily, which durst oppose the power of Athens, of Carthage, and of Rome. The present town is pretty strongly fortified, but its streets are narrow and dirty, and its commerce reduced almost to nothing. Lat. 37° 4′ N., Lon. 15° 18' E. Pop. 14,000. (B.) -Adj. and inhab. SYR`-A-CU-SAN.

SYRACUSE, a flourishing t. of N. Y., cap. of Onondaga co., on the Erie Canal, where it is joined by the Oswego Canal, about 47 m., in a straight line, W. of Utica. Near it are the extensive salt-works of Salina. Pop. of the township of Salina, in which it is situated, 11,013.

SYR-1-A, a country of rather indefinite extent, between 30° and 38° N. Lat., and 34° and 38° or 39° E. Lon., situated at the E. extremity of the Mediterranean, and forming a part of the Turkish empire. The name of Syria (Evgia) was given to this country by the Greeks and Romans, and is now unknown to the Asiatics. The Arabs call it Beled' Es-Sham (or simply Es-Sham), i. e. "the country to the left;" because when in prayer they face the rising sun, it lies to their left hand. Though within the temperate zone, Syria exhibits all the climates of the globe. In the Ghor (the valley between the Dead Sea and the Sea of Tiberias), the mean annual temperature appears to be not much lower than that of the equator. This need not surprise us when we consider that the lower part of this valley is more than 1,000 ft. below the level of the sea. (P. C.) The Arabic poets have said that the " Sanneen (or Sannin, the southern part of Lebanon) bears winter upon his head, spring upon his shoulders, autumn in his bosom, while summer lies sleeping at his feet." Under so various a climate, the vegetable productions, as might be expected, are extremely numerous, comprising