Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mit; pine or pine, pin; nô, nôt; õõ, as in good;

TIM-BUC-TOO Or TOM-BOOC-Too (more properly Ten-Boctoo), a commercial t., cap. of a kingdom of the same name, in the N. W. central part of Africa, near the S. border of the Great Desert, about 8 m. from the left bank of the Joliba or Niger. Though its importance has much diminished from what it was in the 14th century, when the kingdo of Timbuctoo was the nucleus of a great empire, it may still be regarded as the principal centre of commerce in this part of Africa. Lat. 17° 10′ N., Lon. about 3 W. Pop. estimated from 10,000 to 12,000. (B.)

TI-MOR, the largest of the Lesser Sunda Islands, between 8° 20′ and 10° 30' S. Lat., and 123° 20′ and 127° 20′ E. Lon. Length, near 300 m., with a mean breadth of about 45 m. Timor is divided among a great number of petty kingdoms, nearly all of which are dependent on the i Portuguese or Dutch. (B.)

TI-MOR-LAUT, one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, intersected by the 8th parallel of S. Lat., and 131st meridian of E. Lon. It is about 90 m. in length, and 40 m. in its greatest breadth. Scarcely anything is known of it except that the natives are unfriendly to strangers.

Ti-o'-GA, a small r. which rises in the N. part of Pa., and, making a circuit, passes into N. Y., and finally returns into Pa., and joins the E branch of the Susquehanna.

TIOGA, a Co. in the S. part of N. Y., intersected by the E. branch of the Susquehanna, and bordering on Pa. Pop. 20,527. Co. t. Owego. TIOGA, a co. in the N. part of Pa., on the sources of the Tioga r and bordering on N. Y. Pop. 15,499. Co. t. Wellsborough.

TIP-PAH, a co. in the N. part of Miss., bordering on Tenn. Pop 9,444. Co. seat, Ripley.

TIPPECANOE, tip-pe-ka-noo', a co. in the W. N. W. part of Ind., where the Tippecanoe river joins the Wabash. Pop. 13,724. Co. t. Lafayette.

TIP-PER-A-RY, an inland co. in the S. of Ireland, prov. of Munster, S. E. of, and bordering on the Shannon. Pop. in 1831, 402,564. (P. C.)

TIPPERARY, a t. of Ireland, cap. of the above co., 23 m. S. E. of Limerick. Pop. 6,972.

TIP-TON, a co. near the S. W. extremity of Tenn., bordering on the Mississippi r. Pop. 6,800. Co. t. Covington.

TIR-EE, written also TIRREE, TIRY, and TYREE, an i. on the W. coast of Scotland, belonging to Argyleshire, above 12 m. in length, and 5 m. in its greatest breadth. Lat. 56° 30′ N., Lon. 7° W.

TIRLEMONT, teeR]`-mon', (Flem.Thienen or Tienen, teel-nẹn,) a manufacturing t. of Belgium, in the prov. of S. Brabant, 11 m. S. E. of Louvain. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

"They left Loch-Tua on their lee,

And they wakened the men of the wild TIREE."

SCOTT's Lord of the Isles, Canto IV.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin ; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. TISHAMINGO, tish-a-ming'-go, a co. forming the N. E. extremity of Miss. Pop. 6,681. Co. seat, Jacinto.

TITICACA, tit-e-kål-ka, the largest L. in S. America, situated partly in Bolivia and partly in Peru, between 15° 20′ and 16° 40′ N. Lat., and 68° and 71° W. Lon. Length, near 140 m.; greatest breadth, about 35 m. The surface of its waters is higher than the Peak of Teneriffe, being 12,795 ft. above the level of the Pacific. (P. C.) In some places, its depth has been ascertained to be 120 fathoms, but many parts are probably much deeper.

TIVOLI, teel-vo-le, (Anc. Ti/bur,) a t. of Italy, in the Papal State, on the Teverone (tëv`-à-ro'-nå-Anc. Anio), 18 m. E. by N. of Rome, remarkable for its delightful situation and its interesting antiquities. Pop. about 6,000. (B.)

TO-BA-GO (see Int. X.), one of the W. India Islands, belonging to Great Britain, intersected by the parallel of 11° 10′ N. Lat., and the meridian of 60° 40′ W. Lon. Length, 26 m.; greatest breadth, 7 or 8 m. Pop. 13,700. (M.)

TO-BOLSK', an archiepiscopal city of Asiatic Russia, cap. of W. Siberia and of a gov. of its own name, on the Irtish, near its junction with the Tobol. The houses are built mostly of wood; the streets are generally broad, straight, and paved with wood. Lat. 48° 12' N., Lon. 68° 6' E. Pop., exclusive of the military, 20,000. (P. C.)

TOCANTINS, to-can-teens', a large r. of Brazil, which flows into the estuary of Para. Length estimated at 1,500 m.

TOCAT, to-kåt', a large t. of Asiatic Turkey, on the Yesheel Irmak. Its appearance is said to resemble that of a European city. Lat. about 40° Ñ., Lon. 36° 59′ E. Pop. estimated by Balbi, on the authority of M. Fontanier, at near 100,000; but several other writers make it much less.

TODD, a co. in the S. W. part of Ky., bordering on Tenn. Pop. 9,991. Co. t. Elkton.

TOEPLITZ. See TÖPLITZ.

TO-KAY' (Hung. pron. to-koi), a t. in the N. E. part of Hungary, at the confluence of the Bodrog and Theiss, remarkable as the market for the famous wine of this name, which is produced in the surrounding country. Lat. 48° 7' N., Lon. 21° 24′ E. Pop. 4,000. (B.)

TO-LE-DO (Sp. pron. to-là-Do; Anc. Tole/tum), a celebrated but decayed city of Spain, cap. of a prov. of the same name, and formerly of the kingdom of Castile, situated on a hill near the Tagus, 36 m. S. S. W. of Madrid. It is the seat of a university and the residence of an archbishop. The Cathedral of this place is the largest and one of the finest in the kingdom. Toledo was formerly noted for its manufacture of swords; those now made here are said still to command a high price. Lat. 39° 55' S., Lon. 4° W. Pop. 15,000. (B.)—Adj. and inhab. TO-LE-DAN.

TOL-LAND, a co. in the N. N. E. part of Conn., bordering on Mass. Pop. 17,980. Co. t. Tolland.

TOLUCA, to-lood, a well-built t. of the Mexican States, about 10 m.

Fite, far, fall, fit; n', mét; pine, or ping, pin ; nó, nỗt; vò as in good;

N. of the mountain called the Nevado de Toluca (see NEVADO), which has an elevation of 2,372 toises, or about 15,170 English ft. (B.) Lat 19° 16' N., Lon. 99° 21′ W. Pop. 12,000. (P. C.)

TOM-BIG-BEE Or TOM-BECK'-BE, a r. which rises in the N. E. part of Miss., and, flowing southerly into Ala., unites with the Alabama river to form the Mobile. Length estimated at 450 m. It is navigable for steamboats to Columbus, in Miss.

TOMPKINS, a co. in the S. W. central part of N. Y., at the S. extremity of Cayuga Lake. Pop. 37,948. Co. t. Ithaca.

TомSK, a handsome t: of Asiatic Russia, cap. of a gov. of the same name, on the Tom, an affluent of the Obi. Lat. 56° 30' N., Lon. 852 10 E. Pop. 8,000 or 9,000. (P. C.)

TONKIN OF TONQUIN, ton-keen', a kingdom in the S. E. part of Asia, bordering on the gulf of this naine. (See COCHIN CHINA.) TONKIN OF TONQUIN, GULF OF, is situated between 18° and 22° N. Lat., and 106 and 110° E. Lon. Length above 200 m.; greatest breadth about 170 m.

Too-LA (Tula), an important manufacturing t. of European Russia, cap. of a gov. of the same name, on the Oopa (Upa), an affluent of the Oka, 110 m. S. of Moscow. Its appearance from a distance, owing to the numerous spires and domes, is very imposing; but the crooked and ill-paved streets, and the houses built mostly of wood, tend to destroy, on a nearer view, the favourable impression which the approaching spectator may have received. Toola is remarkable for its manufacture of arms, the most extensive in the empire, whence it has been called the Birmingham of Russia. It employs above 7,000 workmen, producing annually 70,000 muskets and 25,000 side-arms. Cutlery of various kinds is also manufactured here. There are rich mines of iron ore of an excellent quality in the vicinity, but the metal employed in the manufactures is said to be principally, if not exclusively, from Siberia. Lat. 54° 12′ N., Lon. 37° E. Pop. 51,000. (P. C.)

TOORKISTAN, toork`-is-tån' (i. e. the "country of the Turks"), or INDEPENDENT TARTARY, is situated in the N. W. central part of Asia, between 35° and 54° N. Lat., and 50° and 82° E. Lon., bounded on the N. by the Russian dominions, E. and S. E. by the Chinese empire, S. by Afghanistan and Persia, and W. by the Russian empire, from which it is partly separated by the Caspian Sea. Length, from E. to W., near 1,500 m.; greatest breadth, from N. to S., about 1,250 m. Area vaguely estimated at 1,000,000 sq. m. A large portion of this extensive country consists of elevated table-land, intersected by ridges of mountains, some of which appear to be not less than 18,000 ft. above the level of the sea. Deserts of greater or less extent are found in different parts. Toorkistan is divided into a number of independent states or khanats, which vary greatly in extent and population. All the chiefs or khans appear to be possessed of a power more or less arbitrary. The principal khanats are those of Bokhara, Khiva, and Khokand, which are treated of under their respective heads. Mahometanism is the prevailing religion of Toorkistan; it is said that the laws of

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

the Koran are more strictly observed here, than in any other Mahometan country. (For some further particulars respecting this country, see BOKHARA.)

TOOR-KO-MANS or toor'-ko-måns', a nation of Tartars, originally inhabiting the eastern shores of the Caspian Sea, but who are now spread not only over Toorkistan, but Persia, Afghanistan, and a considerable portion of Asiatic Turkey. They lead a wandering life and live in tents. They are said to be excellent horsemen, and to make hardy and brave soldiers.

TOPAYOS, to-pil-yds, written also TAPAJOS, a large r. of Brazil, flowing into the Amazon near 2° 20′ S. Lat., and 54° 40′ W. Lon. Entire length perhaps 1,000 m. It is navigable for boats the greater part of its course.

TOPLITZ, TOEPLITZ or TEPLITZ, tep/-lits, a small t. of Bohemia, on the Saubach (sou/-båk), 47 m. N. W. of Prague, noted for its hot mineral springs and baths. Permanent pop. about 2,600. (B.)

TOR-BAY, a spacious basin on the S. coast of England, in Devonshire, which has several times been resorted to as a place of shelter by the fleets of England.

TORGAU, TOR-gou, a fortified t. of Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe, 66 m. S. S. W. of Berlin. Pop. 5,300. (B.)

TORNEA, pronounced and sometimes written ToR/-NE-O,* a small t. of European Russia, on the N. W. frontier of the grand-duchy of Finland, at the mouth of the r. Torneå, which falls into the Gulf of Bothnia. Lat. 65° 51' N., Lon. 24° 12′ E.

TO-RON-TO (formerly York), lately the cap. of Upper Canada, on the N. shore of L. Ontario, towards its W. extremity. Lat. 43° 35′ N., Lon. 79° 20′ W. The pop. of this city has increased of latter years with extraordinary rapidity: in 1826, it was only 1,677; in 1836, it was 9,652, and in 1839, it amounted to 15,000. (P. C.)

TOR-SHOK OF TORZHOK (Torjok), a t. of European Russia, in the gov. of Tver. Lat. 57° 2′ N., Lon. 35° 3′ E. Pop. stated at 15,000. (P. C.)

TOR-TO-LA, One of the Virgin Islands, in the W. Indies, belonging to Great Britain. Lat. 18° 27′ N., Lon. 64° 35′ W. Length about 12 m.

TOR-TO-SA (Anc. Derto'sa), a fortified t. of Spain, in Catalonia, on the left bank of the Ebro, with several interesting remains of antiquity. Lat. 40° 49′ N., Lon. 0° 33′ E. Pop. about 16,000. (B.)

Tor-NESS, a t. of England, in Devonshire, 20 m. S. by E. of Exeter. Pop. 3,849.

TOUL, tool, a t. of France, in the dep. of Meurthe, on the Moselle, here crossed by a handsome bridge, 13 m. W. of Nancy. Lat. 48° 40′ 32" N., Lon. 5° 5' 3" E. Pop. 7,279. (M.) TOULON, tool-lon, or too`-lồn, (Ánc. Tello Mar/tius), the second naval

Cold as the rocks on TORNEO's hoary brow."-CAMPBELL.

Påte, får, fåll, fat; mẻ, met; plne or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õō as in good; port of France (Brest being the first) in the dep. of Var, with one of the finest harbours on the Mediterranean, 32 m. E. S. E. of Marseilles. Among its institutions for education, may be mentioned the Naval School, with a fine library, and a collection of models of vessels of every kind. Lat. 43° 7′ Ñ., Lon. 5° 56′ E. Pop. 30,000. (B.)

TOULOUSE OF THOULOUSE, too`-looz', (Anc. Tolo'sa or Tholo'sa,) an archiepiscopal city in the S. of France, cap. of the dep. of Upper Ga ronne, and formerly of the prov. of Languedoc, on the r. Garonne, where it is joined by the Southern Canal (Canal du Midi), 132 m. S. E. of Bordeaux. The r. is crossed by a fine bridge of freestone, resting on 7 arches. Before the Revolution, Toulouse was the seat of one of the leading French universities, now replaced by an académie universitaire: it has also a royal college, and two public libraries, the one containing 30,000, and the other 24,000 vols. Lat. 43° 36′ N., Lon. 1 27 E. Pop. 68,015. (B.)

TOURAINE, too'-rane', a former prov. of France, now divided be tween the deps. of Indre and Loire, and Indre.

TOURNAY, tooR`-nà', (Flem. Doornik, dór/-nik; Anc. Tur'nacum or Tor/nacus;) a fortress and important manufacturing t. of Belgium, prov. of Hainault, on the Scheldt, near the French frontier, 45 m. W. S. W. of Brussels. Lat. 50° 36′ N., Lon. 3° 23′ E. Pop. 29,000. (B.) TOURS, tooR, (Anc. Cæsarodu/num, afterwards Tu'rones,) an archiepiscopal city of France, cap. of the dep. of Indre and Loire, and formerly of Touraine, on the left bank of the r. Loire, in the midst of a fertile and delightful plain, 127 m. S. W. of Paris. It communicates with the opposite bank of the Loire by one of the finest stone bridges in Europe, which is about 1,420 ft. long, and 45 ft. wide, and rests on 15 elliptical arches, each of which has a span of 80 ft. The inhabitants of Tours are considered to speak better French than those of any other provincial town in France. Lat. 47° 24′ N., Lon. 0° 42′ E. Pop. 26.669. (B.)

TRAF-AL-GAR or traf-all-gar, a cape on the S. W. coast of Spain, celebrated for the great naval action fought in its vicinity, on the 21st of October, 1805, between the English fleet under Lord Nelson, and the combined French and Spanish fleet, commanded by admiral Villeneuve. The English were signally victorious, but their distinguished commander was slain during the action. Lat. 36° 10' N., Lọn. 6° W.

TRAL-EE, a thriving t. of Ireland, cap. of Kerry co., near a bay of its own name, 57 m. W. N. W. of Cork. Pop. in 1831, 9,562, and now (1842) probably 13,000. (M.)

TRANI, tra'-ne, an archiepiscopal t. and seaport of Naples, on the Adriatic. Lat. 41° 17′ N., Lon. 16° 26' E. Pop. about 14,000. (B.) TRAN-QUE-BAR, a seaport t. of Hindostan, belonging to the British, on the Coromandel coast, between the two arms of the Cauvery, 140 m. S. S. W. of Madras. Lat 11° N., Lon. 81° 54′ E. The pop. may amount to 12,000, without including that of its little territory. (B) Till lately (the early part of 1845), Tranquebar belonged to Denmark.

TRAN-SYL-VA-NI-A (Hung. Erdély Ország, éR-daiĨ OR-sååg; Ger. Siebenbürgen, see/-ben-büRG/-en); a large prov. forming the most east