ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. ern portion of the Austrian empire, between 45° 12′ and 47° 42′ N. Lat., and 22° 15′ and 26° 24′ E. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Hungary, N. E. and E. by the Buckowine and Moldavia, S. by Wallachia, from which it is separated by the E. Carpathian Mountains, and W. by Hungary. Greatest length, from E. to W., 184 m.; greatest breadth, from N. to S., 167 m. Area 21,000 sq. m. Pop. about 2,000,000. (M.) The name was given by the Hungarians, Transylvania signifying the country" beyond the wood," i. e. the extensive woody mountains which separate this province from Hungary. The true Hungarian name, however, Erdély Ország, signifies “woody country." The origin of the German name, Siebenbürgen, the "seven castles," or seven boroughs," probably refers to some feature of the ancient condition of the country with which we are now unacquainted.

66

TRAPANI, tra/-på-ne, (Anc. Dreplanum; Gr. Agɛñavor, i. e. a “scythe," the tongue of land on which it is built being curved in the shape of that instrument ;) a fortified seaport t. of Sicily, cap. of a prov. of the same name, at the N. W. extremity of the island, 46 m. W. of Palermo. Drepanum appears to have been an emporium from the earliest times, and the modern town is one of the first commercial places in Sicily. Lat. 38° 2' N., Lon. 12° 31′ E. Pop. 24,000. (B.)

TRAS OS MONTES, trås os mon/-tês, i. e. “ beyond the mountains," a prov. forming the N. E. extremity of Portugal, separated by a chain of mountains from the prov. of the Minho, and by the Douro from Beira. TRAV`-AN-CORE', a state of Hindostan, subsidiary to the British, situated at the S. extremity of that peninsula, between the 8th and 11th degrees of N. Lat., and the 76th and 78th of E. Lon.

TREB'-I-ZOND' (Turk. Ta-rå`-be-soon; Anc. Trapezus), a fortified city and seaport of Asiatic Turkey, cap. of an eyalet, on the S. shore of the Black Sea, towards its eastern extremity. This town was for a considerable period the cap. of an empire founded in the early part of the 13th century by a branch of the Comnenian family, who had for several generations held the imperial sceptre at Constantinople. After experiencing a variety of fortunes, this empire fell, soon after the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Though Trebizond has greatly declined from its former prosperity, it is still important on account of its manufactures, its commerce, and its population, which Balbi estimates at 50,000. Lat. 41° 3' N., Lon. 39° 28′ E.

TREMITI, trem/-e-te, a group of small islands belonging to the kingdom of Naples, situated in the Adriatic. Lat. about 42° 8' N., Lon. 15° 30′ E.

TRENT (Ger. Trient, tre-ent'; Anc. Triden/tum), a walled t. of Tyrol, on the Adige, which is here crossed by a fine bridge. Lat. 46° 6' N., Lon. 11° 4' E. Pop. near 12,000. (B.)

TRENT, one of the principal rivers of England: it rises on the borders of Cheshire, and flowing at first southerly, then easterly, and in the latter part of its course northerly, falls into the estuary of the Humber, 24 m. S W. of York. Its whole length is estimated at near 200

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; me, met; plne or pine, pîn; nỏ, nôt; õõ, as in good;

m.; it is navigable for barges to Burton on Trent (about 117 m.), aud for vessels of 200 tons to Gainsborough, (near 30 m.)

TRENT-ON, a t. of N. J., the seat of justice of Mercer county, and cap. of the state, on the left or N. E. bank of the Delaware, at the head of steamboat navigation, where the river is joined by the Delaware and Raritan Canal, 27 m., in a straight line, N. E. of Philadelphia. The railroad from N. York to Philadelphia passes through this town. Lat. 40° 14' N., Lon. 74° 30′ W.? Pop. 4,035.

TREVES (Fr. Trèves, trave; Ger. Trier, treer; Anc. Augu'sta Treviroꞌrum), a city of the Prussian dominions, cap. of a gov., and formerly of an electorate of the same name, on the right bank of the Moselle, over which there is a stone bridge of 8 arches, 690 ft. long. This is perhaps the most ancient, and was long the most celebrated of the German cities. Constantine the Great, and several other emperors, occasionally resided at Treves. It abounds in interesting antiquities, among which may be mentioned the ruins of the palace of Constantine, and the Roman aqueduct, the subterranean portion of which is still pretty well preserved. Treves had formerly a university which has been replaced by a gymnasium; it possesses also a library of 70,000 vols., and other literary and scientific institutions. Lat. 49° 47′ N., Lon. 6° 38′ E. Pop., exclusive of the military, 14,000. (B.)

TREVISO, trev-eel-zo, (Anc. Tarvi'sium,) a manufacturing and commercial t. of Austrian Italy, cap. of a prov. of the same name, 18 m. N. N. W. from Venice. Pop. 12,600. (B.)

TRICALA, tree/-kå-lå, written also TIRHALA; (Anc. Tric/ca,) a t. of European Turkey, in Thessaly, 37 m. W. by S. of Larissa. It is the residence of a pasha, and of a Greek archbishop. Lat. 39° 31' N., Lon. 21° 48′ E. Pop. estimated at 12,000. (B.)

Trich-in-op'-o-LĮ or TRICHINOPOLY, a large fortified t. of Hindostan, cap. of a dist. of the same name, belonging to the presidency of Madras, on the Cauvery, 28 m. W. of Tanjore. Lat. about 10° 50′ N., Lon. 78° 50′ E. Pop., including the suburbs, estimated at 80,000. (P. C.) Near this town is the island of Seringham (ser-ing/-gum), formed by two arms of the Cauvery, on which stands one of the largest and most magnificent pagodas of Hindostan. The central building is not large, but is splendidly ornamented with sculpture, gilding, and precious stones. It is enclosed within seven square walls, each 25 ft. high, and very thick. These walls are about 120 yards from each other; the circumference of the outer one is about 4 m. There are besides common entrances, 20 very large and lofty triangular towers over as many gateways, each forming a highly-ornamented pagoda.

TRI-ESTE or tre-es'-tà (Anc. Terges/te), the principal seaport t. of the Austrian empire, cap. of a gov. of the same name, on the Adriatic, near its N. E. extremity, 73 m. E. by N. of Venice. It has several important manufactures, among which, that of soap is the most remarkable. Among its institutions for education, the Scientific and Nautical School, with 16 professors, deserves particular mention. In 1719, the emperor Charles VI. declared Trieste a free port; at that

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. time it contained scarcely 8,000 inhabitants. The privileges of the place were afterwards extended by the empress Maria Theresa, so that all goods, with very few exceptions, can be imported duty free. The consequence has been that the population is now above 50,000 (P. C.), and continues annually to increase, and Trieste is the most wealthy and important commercial city in the Austrian dominions.

38 N., Lon. 13° 47′ E.

Lat. 45°

TRIGG, a co. in the S. W. part of Ky., intersected by the Cumberland river. Pop. 7,716. Co. t. Cadiz.

TRIM-BLE, & Co. in the N. part of Ky., on the Ohio river. Pop. 4,480. Co. t. Bedford.

TRINCOMALEE, tring`-ko-ma-lee', a small fortified t. of Ceylon, on its N. E. coast, with one of the finest harbours in the world. During the N. E. monsoon, when all the vessels off the Coromandel Coast and in the Bay of Bengal are obliged to put to sea, Trincomalee is their place of refuge, and a vessel from Madras can reach it in two days." (M.)

TRIN`-I-DAD', after Jamaica, the largest and most important of the British W. India Islands, is situated between the 10th and 11th degrees of N. Lat., and the 61st and 62d of W. Lon.: its S. W. extremity is only about 7 m. from the delta of the Orinoco. The form of this island is singular; it is almost a parallelogram, but the N. E., N. W., and S. W. angles, have remarkable projections; the last named consists of a tongue of land, about 30 m. long, and from 2 to 10 or 12 m. broad. Extreme length of the island, from S. W. to N. E., 88 m.; greatest length, from N. to S., about 50 m.; mean breadth, from E. to W., about 35 m. Area estimated at 2,000 sq. m. Pop. in 1834, 43,678. The most remarkable natural feature of Trinidad, is the Pitch Lake, situated in the S. W. part of the island, about a mile and a half in circumference. The pitch or bitumen at the sides of the lake is perfectly hard and cold, but towards the middle it becomes gradually warmer and softer, and at last is seen boiling up in a liquid state. Trinidad has several extinct volcanic craters. Port of Spain, on the W. coast, near its N. extremity, is the cap. of Trinidad, and one of the finest towns in the W. Indies. Pop. about 12,000. (P. C.)

TRIN-I-TY, a r. of Texas, flowing into Galveston Bay.

TRIP -O-LI (Anc. Trip'olis*), the most easterly of the Barbary States, between 29 and 33° N. Lat., and 10° and 22° E. Lon.; bounded on the N. by the Mediterranean, E. by Barca, S. by Fezzan and the desert, and W. by Tunis. Area, uncertain. Pop. estimated by Balbi at 660,000; but some other writers rate it as high as 1,500,000, and even 2,000,000. Tripoli belongs to the Turkish sultan, and is governed by a bey or pasha, with despotic sway. We may remark that this country, since the revolution of 1832, has been in a very unsettled state, and our knowledge of its present political condition is imperfect and uncertain.-Adj. and inhab. TRIPOLINE, trip-o-leen/ and TRIP-OL!I-TAN.

* Under the Romans, the three flourishing cities of Ea, Leptis, and Sabrata, con stituted a kind of federal union, under the name of Tripolis, or the "three cities."

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; me, inît; p'ne or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õõ as in good;

TRIPOLI (called by the natives Ta-rå-bloos or Tarabloos-el-Gharb, i. e. “Tripoli of the West;" Anc. Ea), the cap. of the above state or regency, on a rocky tongue of land projecting into the Mediterranean, with a harbour defended by several batteries. The town is fortified, and is entered by two gates. It contains six mosques, of the first order, some of which are very handsome. The most striking relic of antiquity is a magnificent triumphal arch, (erected A. D. 164) in honour of Aurelius Antoninus and Lucius Verus. Tripoli is one of the principal entrepôts for the commerce which is carried on between Europe and the countries in the central part of Africa. Lat. 32° 54' N., Lon. 13° 11' E. Pop. estimated at from 20,000 to 25,000. (P. C. and B.)

TRIPOLI (Árab. Ta-rå-bloos es-Sham, or the "Tripoli of Syria), a well-built seaport t. of Syria, cap. of an eyalet of its own name, on the Mediterranean, near 150 m. S. S. W. of Aleppo. Lat. 34° 26' N., Lon. 35° 51′ E. Pop. estimated at about 16,000. ̄ ̄ (B.)

TRIPOLITZA OF TRIPOLIZZA, tre-po-lit'-så, formerly an important t. of Greece, in the Morea, 22 m. W. by S. of Napoli di Romania. Lat. 37 30 N., Lon. 22° 25′ E. The pop., which appears formerly to have amounted to 15,000 or 18,000, is probably at present scarcely 2,000. (B.) TROIS RIVIERES. See THREE RIVERS.

TRONDHJEM. See DRONTHEIM.

TROND (or Tron), SAINT, sân trồn, a t. of Belgium, prov. of Limburg, 20 m. W. by S. of Maestricht, with near 8,000 inhabitants, who are principally engaged in the manufacture of fire-arms. (B.)

TROPPAU, trop-pou, the most important t. of Austrian Silesia, cap. of a circle of the same name, 37 m. N. E. of Olmütz. It is well built and has considerable manufactures. Pop. about 12,000. (B.)

TROUP, troop, a co. on the W. border of Ga., intersected by the Chattahoochee r. Pop. 15,733. Co. t. La Grange.

TROW-BRIDGE, a manufacturing t. of England, in Wiltshire, 21 m. N. W. of Salisbury. Pop. of the parish, with an area of about 3 sq. m., 11,050.

TROY, a city of N. Y., cap. of Rensselaer co., on the E. bank of the Hudson, 6 m. N. of Albany. Its position is highly favourable for trade; besides the ready communication which it has with the towns on the Hudson and with the sea, it is connected by the Champlain and Erie canals with the western lakes and the St. Lawrence. Troy is regularly laid out, and contains many handsome public buildings, among which the Court House and the Episcopal Church deserve particular mention. Lat. 42° 44' N., Lon. 73° 40′ W. Pop. 19,334.

TROYES, trwå, (Anc. Augustobo'na; afterwards Trecas'ses or Tricasses, Tricas's, and Tre/ca), a manufacturing city of France, cap. of the dep. of Aube, on the Seine, 92 m. E. S. E. of Paris. Besides a number of institutions for education, it possesses a public library, said to contain 55,000 printed vols. and nearly 5,000 manuscripts. Lat. 48° 18' N., Lon. 4° 5' E. Pop. 25,563. (B.)

TRUM-BULL, a co. in the N. E. part of Ohio, bordering on Pa.,

and

I

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. intersected by the Pennsylvania and Ohio Canal. Pop. 38,107. Co. t.

Warren.

TRU/-RO, the handsomest t. in Cornwall, England, on the Fal, 8 m. N. by E. of Falmouth. Lat. 50° 15' N., Lon. 5° 2′ W. 3,043.

Pop.

TRUXILLO OF TRUJILLO, troo-Heel-yo, a small t. of Spain, in Estremadura, 134 m. S. W. by W. from Madrid. It was the birth-place of Pizarro.

TRUX-IL-LO or troo-heel/-yo, a seaport t. of Peru, cap. of a dep., on a small r., about 2 m. from the sea. It was founded by Pizarro, in 1533. Lat. 8° 6' N., Lon. 79° 3′ W. Pop. from 12,000 to 14,000. (B.)

TU-AM, a city of Ireland, in the co. of Galway, 105 m. W. by N. of Dublin. It was, till lately, the seat of a Protestant, as it still is of a Roman Catholic archbishopric. Lat. 53° 30′ N., Lon. 8° 50′ W. Pop. in 1831, 6,883. (P. C.)

TU-BING-EN, the second capital of the kingdom of Würtemberg, on the Neckar, 17 m. S. S. W. of Stuttgart. It is chiefly interesting on account of its university, founded in 1477, by Count Eberhard, who afterwards became the first duke of Würtemberg, Reuchlin and Melancthon were among its professors. It was formerly exclusively Protestant; but, since the University at Elwangen was suppressed, Roman Catholics have been admitted: it is now the only university in the kingdom. The number of students is between 600 and 700. It possesses an extensive library, said to contain 140,000 vols., a good collection in natural history, a botanic garden, an observatory, &c. Lat. 48° 31' N., Lon. 9° 4′ E. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

TUCKER-TON, a village and port of entry of N. J., in Burlington co., on a creek which flows into Little Egg Harbour.

TUCUMAN, too-koo-mån', a t. of S. America, in the republic of La Plata, cap. of a state of its own name, memorable as the place where, in 1816, the declaration of the independence of the La Plata provinces was first promulgated. Lat. 29° 50′ S., Lon. 64° 55′ W. Pop. estimated at from 10,000 to 12,000. (B.)

TUDELA, too-da/-lå, (Anc. Tutela,) a t. of Spain, in Navarre, on the Ebro, here crossed by a fine bridge of 17 arches, 45 m. N. W. of Saragossa. Pop. 8,000. ̊ (B.)

TULA. See TOOLA.

TUL-LA-MORE, a t. of Ireland, cap. of King's co., on the Grand Canal, which connects the Shannon with the sea at Dublin, 50 m. W. by S. from this city. Pop. in 1831, 6,342. (P. C.)

TULLE, tüll, a manufacturing t. of France, cap. of the dep. of Corrèze, on the r. Corrèze. Lat. 45° 16' N., Lon. 2° 54′ E. Pop. 9,000. (B.)

TUN-BRIDGE, also written TONBRIDGE, a small t. of England, on the Medway, 27 m. S. E. of London. The watering-place, Tunbridge Wells, is about 5 m. S. of Tunbridge.

TUNGURAGUA, toong-goo-rå/-gwa, a r. of S. America, which rises in Peru, and afterwards forming a part of the boundary between this re