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Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õõ, as in good; public and Ecuador, joins the Ucayuli, to form the Amazon. It is regarded by some geographers as the upper portion of that great river. Tu-NI-CA, a co. In the N. W. part of Miss., on the Mississippi 1. Pop. 821. Co. seat, Peyton.

Tu-NIS (called, by the inhabitants, Tool-nis), a state or regency of N. Africa, nominally dependent on the Turkish empire, between 33° and 37° 20′ N. Lat., and 8° 30′ and 11° 20′ E. Lon.; bounded on the N. and E. by the Mediterranean, S. by the desert, and W. by Algiers. Length, from N. to S., about 300 m.; greatest breadth, from E. to W., near 170 m. Area vaguely estimated at about 50,000 sq. m. Pop. 1,800,000. (B.)-Adj. and inhab. TUNISINE, too'-ne-seen', and TUNISIAN, tu-nee/-she-an.

TUNIS (Anc. Tu/nes or Tune/ta), a large and flourishing city, cap. of the above state, situated near the Mediterranean, on a lagoon, 10 m. long, and from 3 to 5 m. broad, which communicates, by a narrow channel called the Goletta (or "little throat"), with the Bay of Tunis. It is encircled by a high wall, with six gates, around which there is another wall enclosing the suburbs, with eleven gates, and about 5 m. in circumference. There are five principal and many smaller mosques. The houses, according to the custom of Barbary, have generally only one story, and the streets are narrow, crooked, and extremely dirty. Tunis appears to be the most populous, commercial, and civilized, as well as most ancient town in all Barbary. Lat. 36° 48′ N., Lon. 10° 11' E. Balbi estimates the pop. at not less than 100,000; the P. C. at from 130,000 to 200,000.

TURCOING, tÜR-kwân', a manufacturing t. of France, in the dep. of Nord, near the Belgian frontier, 10 m. N. E. of Lille. Pop. 8,749. (M.) TU-RIN (Fr. pron. tü`-rån'; It. Torino, to-reel-no; Anc. Augus/ta Taurino'rum); an archiepiscopal city of N. Italy, cap. of the Sardinian States, and of a prov. of its own name, on the left bank of the Po, at its junction with the Dora, about 80 m. W. S. W. of Milan. It is of the most regularly-built towns in Europe, especially in that part which is called Nuovo Torino (noo-o'-vo to-reel-no), or "New Turin." Some of the streets are remarkably handsome, reminding one of the finest parts of Paris. With respect to literary and scientific institutions, Turin ranks as one of the very first of the Italian cities. The University, founded in 1405, is the most frequented in Italy (B.); it has a library of 112,000 vols., besides about 2,000 manuscripts. There is also a military academy; a royal academy of sciences; a cabinet of medals, one of the richest in Europe; an Egyptian museum, containing, among many other curiosities, the most extensive and interesting collection of Egyptian manuscripts that exists; and many other similar establishments. Lat. 45° 4 N., Lon. 7° 40′ E. The pop., which at the commencement of the last century was only about 42,000, amounted in 1833, including the suburbs, to 119,900. (P. C.)

TUR-KEY OF OTTOMAN EMPIRE (in Turkish, Os'-mân'-lee' Vil`-àyeu-ce', or the "country of the Osmânlees"), an extensive country occupying the S. E. portion of Europe and the W. part of Asia, princi

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ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. pally situated between 30° and 48° N. Lat., and 16° and 48° E. Lon.; bounded on the N. by Austria and the Russian empire (from which it is partially separated by the Black Sea), E. by Persia, S. by Arabia and by the Mediterranean, and W. by the Mediterranean, the Adriatic, and the Austrian territories. Length, from N. N.W. to S. S. E., above 1,800 m.; greatest breadth, from N. to S., perhaps 700 m. Balbi estimates the area of European Turkey at about 146,900 sq. m., and the pop. at 7,000,000; the area of Asiatic Turkey at about 741,000 sq. m., and the pop. at 12,500,000, which would give 887,900 sq. miles for the area, and 19,500,000 for the pop. of the whole empire. The religion of Turkey is Mahometanism: the Grand Seignior is regarded as the vicegerent of the prophet, and the protector of the Moslem faith. The government is an absolute despotism, the sultan being under no other restraint than what the laws of the Koran impose. Constantinople is the capital.-Adj. TURK/-ISH or OT/-TO-MAN; inhab. TURK or OTTOMAN (Turk. Os'-mân'-lee').

TURKISTAN. See TOOR KISTAN.

TURN-HOUT (-howt), a well-built t. of Belgium, 25 m. E. N. E. of Antwerp, with flourishing manufactures. Pop. 13,000. (B.)

Tus'-CA-LOO'-sa, a co. in the W. N. W. part of Ala., intersected by the Black Warrior r. Pop. 16,583.

TUSCALOOSA, the cap. of the above co., and of the state of Alabama, is situated on the left bank of the Black Warrior r., at the head of steamboat navigation. Lat. 33° 12′ N., Lon. 87° 42′ W. Pop. about 2,000.

TUS-CA-NY (It. Toscana, tos-kå/-nå; Anc. Etru/ria), GRAND DUCHY OF, a state in the N. and middle part of Italy, between 42° 22′ and 44° 30′ N. Lat., and 9° 40′ and 12° 13′ E. Lon.; bounded (with the exception of some small detached portions) on the N. by the territories of Lucca, Modena, and the Papal State, E. and S. E. by the Papal State, and S. W. and W. by the Mediterranean. Length, from N. to S., about 130 m.; greatest breadth, from E. to W., above 100 m. Total area, including Elba and some other small islands in the Mediterranean, 8,432 sq. m. Pop. in 1836, 1,436,780. (P. C.) Florence is the capital.-Adj. and inhab. Tus'-CAN.

TUS-CA-RA-WAS, a co. in the E. part of Ohio, intersected by the Ohio and Erie Canal. Pop. 25,631. Co. t. New Philadelphia.

TUY, twee, (Anc. Tu'da), a fortified seaport t. of Spain, in Galicia, on the Miño (Minho), about 16 m. from its mouth. Lat. 42° 2′ N., Lon. 8° 35′ W. Pop. about 6,000. (B.)

TVER (Twer), a commercial t. of European Russia, cap. of a gov. of the same name, on the Volga, and on the high road between Moscow and St. Petersburg, about 90 m. N. W. of the former city. Lat. 56° 52′ N., Lon. 35° 57′ E. Pop. 24,000. (P. C.)

TWEED, a r. of Great Britain, which forms a part of the boundary between England and Scotland, and falls into the North Sea at Berwick. TWIGGS, a co. in the central part of Ga., on the E. side of the Ocmulgee г. Pop. 8,422. Co. t. Marion.

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; plne, or pine, pin; nỏ, nôt; õỏ as in good;

TY/-LER, a co. in the N. W. part of Va., on the Ohio r. Pop. 6,954 Co. t. Middlebourn.

TYNE, a r. in the N. of England, falling into the North Sea at Tynemouth. It is navigable for vessels of 300 or 400 tons as far as Newcastle.

TYNE-MOUTH OF NORTH SHIELDS, a t. of England, in Northumber land, at the mouth of the above r., on its N. bank, immediately opposite to S. Shields, and 7 m. E. N. E. of Newcastle. Pop. of the township, 11,890.

TYRE (called by the Jews, Tsoor; by the Arabs, Soor; Gr. Tupes; Lat. Ty'rus); a celebrated city and emporium of antiquity, on the S. E. coast of the Mediterranean. Lat. 33° 17′ N., Lon. 35° 14′ E. A village of about 1,500 inhabitants now occupies the site of the town which was the glory of ancient Phoenicia. The immense mound built by Alexander the Great, during the memorable siege of the second Tyre, appears to be the only monument of antiquity which can attract the attention of the traveller. (B.)-Adj. and inhab. TYR/-I-AN.

TYREE or TYRY.. See TIREE.

TYRNAU, teer/-nou (Hung. Nagy Szombath, nody som-bōt), a commercial t. of Hungary, cap. of the "circle beyond the Danube,” 27 m. N. E. of Presburg. Pop. above 7,000. (B.)

TYR-OL (Ger. pron. te-role), a country of Germany, forming a part of the Austrian dominions, between 45° 40′ and 47° 44′ N. Lat., and 9° 32′ and 12° 55′ E. Lon., bounded on the N. by Bavaria, E. by Austria and Carinthia, S. E. and S. by Italy, and W. by Italy and Switzerland. Greatest length, from E. to W., about 135 m.; greatest breadth, from N. to S., above 120 m. Area 11,457 sq. m. Pop. in 1832, 813,000. (P. C.) A large portion of this country is mountainous. The Tyrolese, like the Swiss, are remarkable for their strong attachment to their native land. Trent (Trient) is the chief town.-Adj. TYR-O-LE-AN and TYR-O-LESE; inhab. TYROLESE.

TYR-ONE', an inland co. in the N. of Ireland, prov. of Ulster, W. of, and bordering on Lough Neagh. Pop. in 1831, 304,468. (P. C.)

TYR/-REL, a co. in the E. part of N. C., on the S. side of Albemarle Sound. Pop. 4,675. Co. t. Columbia.

UCAYALI, 00-ki-yå'-le, a r. of Peru, which joins the Tunguragua to form the Amazon. According to some geographers, it is properly the Amazon itself.

UDINE, 00'-de-nå, a walled t. of Austrian Italy, cap. of the prov. of Udine or Friuli, on an elevated plain, about 20 m. from the Adriatic,

* We sometimes hear this name accentuated in English like the German, but the pronunciation that we have given appears to have the sanction of the best speakers, and is supported by the authority of one of our first poets.

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ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. on the high road between Venice and Vienna. It is well built, and contains 20,000 inhabitants. (B.) Lat. 46° 3′ N., Lon. 13° 15′ E.

UIST, wist,* (or more properly üst,) the name of two islands of the Hebrides, off the W. coast of Scotland, belonging to Inverness-shire. North Uist is about 16 m. in length, and nearly 13 m. in its greatest breadth. South Uist is above 20 m. in length, and 6 or 7 m. in its greatest breadth.

U-KRAINE (Polish, Ukraïna, oo-krå-ee/-nå), a name which has been rather indefinitely applied to an extensive and fertile tract in the S. part of European Russia, on both sides of the Dnieper, now comprising the governments of Kief, Podolia, Poltava, and Slobode Ukraina; the last is sometimes called the gov. of Ukraine.

ULEABORG, 00-le-o-boRG`, a seaport t. of Russia, in the grand-duchy of Finland, cap. of a circle of its own name, on the Gulf of Bothnia, at the mouth of the r. Uleå (oo'-le-o). Lat. 65° N., Lon. about 25° 30′ E. Pop. about 5,000. (M.)

ULM (Ger. pron. óolm), formerly an important fortress of Würtemberg, on the Danube, where it begins to be navigable, 45 m. S. E. of Stuttgart. Its cathedral or Münster, though unfinished, is a fine specimen of ancient Gothic architecture, and one of the largest and loftiest churches in Germany. Lat. 48° 23′ N., Lon. 9° 59′ E. Pop. 16,000. (P. C.)

UL-STER, the most northern of the four provinces of Ireland, comprising the counties of Antrim, Armagh, Cavan, Donegal, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, Monaghan, and Tyrone.

ULSTER, a co. in the S. E. part of N. Y., on the W. side of the Hudson r. Pop. 45,822. Co. t. Kingston.

UMEA, 00-me-ò, a small r. in the N. of Sweden, which falls into the Gulf of Bothnia, in about 63° 40' N. Lat.

UM-MER-A-POO-RA (Amarapoura-see Int. XIX., 1, Obs.), a decayed city of Chin India, formerly the cap. of the Birman empire. Lat. 21° 55' N., Lon. 96° 7′ E.

UNDERWALDEN. See UNTERWALDEN.

UNION, a co. in the central part of Va., on the W. side of the Susquehanna r. Pop. 22,787. Co. t. New Berlin.

UNION, a district in the N. N. W. part of S. C., on the W. side of Broad r. Pop. 18,936. Seat of justice, Unionville.

UNION, a co. on the N. border of Ga. Pop. 3,152. Co. t. Blairsville. UNION, a parish on the N. border of La. Pop. 1,838. Seat of justice, Farmersville.

UNION, a co. on the S. border of Ark. Pop. 2,889. Seat of justice, Union c. h.

UNION, a co. in the N. W. part of Ky., on the Ohio r. Pop. 6,673. Co. t. Morganfield.

Be mine, so please my liege, dismiss'd
To wake to arms the clans of UIST."

SCOTT's Lord of the Isles, Canto IV.

Fate, far, fall, fat; mẻ, mét; plne or pine, pin; nó, nốt; on as in good;

UNION, a co. in the W. central part of Ohio. Pop. 8,422. Co. t. Marysville.

UNION, a co. in the E. S. E. part of Ind., bordering on Ohio. Pop. 8,017. Co. t. Liberty.

UNION, a co. in the S. part of Ill., on the Mississippi r. Pop. 5,524. Co. t. Jonesboro.

UNITED STATES, a federal republic of N. America, between 25° and 54°.40 N. Lat.,and 66° 50′ and 125° W. Lon.; bounded on the N. by British America, from which it is partially separated by the great Lakes Superior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, and the r. St. Lawrence, E. by the British Province of New Brunswick and the Atlantic Ocean, S. by the Gulf of Mexico, the Republic of Texas, and the Mexican States, and W. by Texas, the Mexican States, and the Pacific Ocean. The northern boundary, W. of the Rocky Mountains, is still undetermined. Greatest length, from E. to W., above 2,700 m.; greatest breadth, from N. to S., rather more than 1,300 m. Area estimated at above 2,000,000 sq. m. Total pop. in 1840 (exclusive of the Indians on the unappropriated territory), 17,069,453. The republic comprises 28 States, besides the District of Columbia, the Territory of Wisconsin, and the lands W. of the Mississippi, which are still in the possession of the Indians. The United States may be classed in four great divisions, viz: 1. The EASTERN STATES (or New England), comprising Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. 2. The MIDDLE STATES-New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. 3. The Southern STATESVirginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Fiorida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana. 4. The WESTERN STATES-Arkansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Iowa. Each of the 28 states constitutes a republic independent of the others, with respect to those affairs which are purely local; but matters of general interest, such as providing for the defence of the country, and the regulation of its intercourse with foreign nations, fall within the province of the federal government. The legislature of this government is vested in a senate and house of representatives. The members of the latter are elected every two years by the people; the senators are appointed by the state legislatures, two being chosen by each state, for the term of six years. The executive power is intrusted to a president, who holds his office for a term of four years. The president is commander-in-chief of the army and navy; and has the power, in conjunction with the senate, to make treaties, appoint ambassadors and other public ministers, the judges of the supreme court, and the various executive officers of the general government. The vice-president presides over the senate, and in case the votes are equally divided, he is permitted to decide by a casting vote; in the event of the president's death, he becomes president for the remainder of the term. Washington is the seat of government.

UNTERWALDEN, oon-ter-wål-den, a canton in the central part of Switzerland, S. of, and bordering on L. Lucerne. Area 267 sq. m.

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