ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. Pop., in 1835, 23,600. (P. C.) The canton is divided into two districts, namely, Upper and Lower Unterwalden. Stanz (stånts), a little t. near the L. of Lucerne, with about 2,000 inhabitants, is the cap. of Lower Unterwalden, and Sarnen, a small t. of about the same size, on the Aa, at its egress from the L. of Sarnen or Sarner-See (sar/-ner så), is the cap. of Upper Unterwalden.

UP-SAL or UPSALA, up-så/-lå, an archiepiscopal city of Sweden, cap. of a prov. of the same name, on the Sala, 37 m. N. by W. of Stockholm. The most interesting buildings are those of the University, and the Cathedral, which is the largest and most magnificent in Scandinavia. The University, founded in 1478, is the most celebrated and flourishing institution of the kind in the N. of Europe: connected with it is a library of nearly 100,000 vols. The number of students is between 1,000 and 1,500. Many eminent scientific men have been professors in this university, among whom we may cite the names of Linneus, Scheele, and Berzelius. Lat. 59° 52′ N., Lon. 17° 39′ E. Pop., without including the students of the University, about 4,000. (B.

UP-SON, a co. in the W. part of Ga., on the E. side of Flint river. Pop. 9,408. Co. t. Thomaston.

U-RAL (or OURAL, 00-rål/) MOUNTAINS, a chain in the northern part of the Eastern Continent, forming a portion of the boundary between Europe and Asia, between 51° and 70° N. Lat., and 55° and 65° E. Lon. Their general direction is almost due N. and S. None of the summits of this mountain system appear to be very elevated, the highest being, according to the best authorities, between 5,000 and 6,000 ft. above the level of the sea. These mountains are exceedingly rich in ores. It is probable that a very small portion of their treasure has yet been revealed, as most of the mines in this region have been opened within the last 70 or 80 years, and scarcely a year passes without new deposites being discovered.-Adj. U-RAL-I-AN or oo-ral'-e-an.

URAL (Oural) or YAÏK, уål-ik, a r. which rises on the E. declivity of the Ural Mountains, near 55° N. Lat., and 59° E. Lon. and flowing southerly, in its general course, falls into the N. extremity of the Caspian Sea, by several mouths. The length has been estimated at 900 m. It is navigable for large barges to Orsk or Orskaya, near the S. extremity of the Ural Mountains.

URBINO, OOR-bee/-no, (Anc. Urbi/num Horten/se,) an archiepiscopal t. of Italy, in the Papal State, cap. of the prov. of Urbino and Pesaro, 20 m. from the Adriatic. It is surrounded with walls, has several fine buildings, and is the seat of a university. Urbino is remarkable as the birth-place of the immortal Raphael. Lat. 43° 44', Lon. 12° 37′ E. Pop. about 7,000. (B.)

URFA. See OORFA.

U-RI (Ger. pron. oo/-re), a canton in land, bordering on the L. of Lucerne. 13,000 (B.), in 1836, 13,519. (P. C.)*

the E. central part of SwitzerArea 424 sq. m. Pop. in 1826, Altorf is the capital.

McCulloch states the population at 40,650!

Fåte, får, fåll, fât; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pin; nô, nôt; õõ, as in good;

URMIAH. See OOROOMEEA.

URUGUAY, 00-roo-gwi', a r. of S. America, which rises in the S. part of Brazil, between 27° and 28' N. Lat., and about 50° W. Lon.; flowing at first westerly, and afterwards southerly, it joins the Parana to form the La Plata. Length estimated at near 1,000 m. Though it brings down a great quantity of water, it is said to be navigated with difficulty, on account of its numerous rocks and the rapidity of its cur

rent.

URUGUAY, REPUBLIC OF, OF THEe Eastern Republic of the UruGUAY, (Republica del Uruguay Oriental, rå-poob-le-kå del oo-roo-gwi o-re-in-tål), called also the BANDA ORIENTAL, a republic of S. America, between 53° and 59′ W. Lon.; bounded on the N. and E. by Brazil, S. by the Atlantic and the r. La Plata, and W. by the r. Uruguay. Length about 380 m.; greatest breadth near 300 m. Area estimated at 80,000 sq. m. Pop. 70,000. (B.) The territory of this republic formerly constituted the principal part of the Banda Oriental, one of the divisions of the vice-royalty of Buenos Ayres, whence that name is still sometimes applied to the republic. Montevideo is the capital. URUMIYA. See OOROOMEEA.

USTIUG. See OOSTIOOG.

U-TI-CA, a handsome city in the E. central part of N. Y., on the Erie canal and the Albany and Buffalo railroad, 82 m., in a straight line, N. N. W. of Albany. Lat. 43° 7′ N., Lon. 75° 13′ W. The pop. of this place, in 1813, was 1,700; in 1820, about 3,000; in 1830, 8,323; and in 1840, 12,782.

UTRECHT, u/-trekt, (Dutch pron. ül-trekt; Anc. Trajec/tum,*) a noted city of Holland, cap. of a prov. of the same name, on the Rhine, 20 m. S. S. E. of Amsterdam. It is the seat of a celebrated university, founded in 1634, and attended by about 600 students. (M.) This city is the head-quarters of the Jansenists, who have here an archbishop and chapter Lat. 52° 5' 31' N., Lon. 5° 7′ E. Pop. about 45,000.

(P. C.)

UTRECHT, PROVINCE OF, is situated in the N. or N. central part of Holland, bordering on the Zuyder Zee. Pop. 147,681. (P. C.)

UTRERA, 00-tra-rå, a t. of Spain, in Andalusia, 15 m. S. by E. of Seville. Pop. 11,000. (B.)

UTTOXETER, ux/-e-ter, a small t. of England, in Staffordshire, 17 m. W. by S. of Derby.

Ux/-BRIDGE, a t. of England, in Middlesex, on the r. Colne and the Grand Junction Canal, 15 m. N. by W. of London. It is remarkable as having the largest country corn-market in the kingdom. Pop. 3,219.

Uzès, ü`-zace', a t. of France, in the dep. of Gard, 12 m. S. by E. of Nismes. Lat. 44° 1' N., Lon. 4° 25′ E. Pop. 5,986. (M.)

*The name of Utrecht is supposed to be derived from its position, ultra Trajno tum [Rheni]," beyond the passage of the Rhine."

1

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. VAL-DE-PEÑAS, vål-d-panel-yås, (i. e. the "valley of rocks,") a wellbuilt t. of Spain, in New Castile, 112 m. S. of Madrid, celebrated for its wines. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

VALAIS, vål -lå', (Ger. Wallis, wål-lis,) a large canton, forming the S. S. W. extremity of Switzerland. Length, 85 m.; greatest breadth, 40 m. Area, 1,672 sq. m. Pop. in 1837, 75,798. (P. Č.) Sion, sc`-ON', (in German, Sit/-ten; Anc. Sedu/num,) a little t. near the right bank of the Rhône, with 2,500 inhabitants (B.), is the capital. Lat. 46° 14' N., Lon. 7° 22′ E.-Adj. and inhab. VAL`-AI-SAN'.*

VALDIVIA, vål-deel-ve-å, a t. of Chili, cap. of a prov. of the same name, on an estuary formed by the confluence of several small rivers. Its harbour is one of the best on the W. coast of S. America. Lat. 39° 53′ S., Lon. 73° 33′ W. Pop. estimated at 5,000. (B.)

VALENCE, vå`-lånce', (Anc. Valen'tia), a t. of France, cap. of the dep. of Drôme, on the Rhone, (here crossed by a handsome suspension bridge,) 60 m. S. of Lyons. Lat. 44° 56′ N., Lon. 4° 53′ E. Pop. 10,000. (B.)

VALENCIA, Val-en'-she-a, (Sp. pron. vå-len'-the-å,) formerly a kingdom and now a large province of Spain, in the E. part of the peninsula; bounded on the N. by Aragon, N. E. by Catalonia, E. and S. E. by the Mediterranean, and W. by Murcia. Length, above 200 m.; greatest breadth, about 70 m. Valencia occupies one of the finest and most fertile portions in the Spanish peninsula.-Adj. and inhab. VALENCIAN, val-en-she-an (Sp. Valenciano, và-lên`-the-a-no).

VALENCIA (Anc. Valen'tia Edetano'rum), an archiepiscopal city of Spain, cap. of the above prov., in a wide and fertile plain, called La Huerta (la wêr-tå) or "the garden," on the Guadalaviar, about 7 m. above its entrance into the Mediterranean. It is enclosed by massive walls, built by the Moors, flanked at intervals with round towers, and is entered by four gates. Among its remarkable edifices may be mentioned the magnificent Cathedral, regarded as one of the finest in Spain. Valencia is distinguished as a seat of literature and science. Its university, founded in 1411, was formerly considered the best in Spain, particularly for the study of medicine, and is now the most frequented of any in the kingdom; in 1830, it had nearly 2,500 students. There are also seven colleges, a royal academy of fine arts, and several other similar institutions. Valencia holds a conspicuous place in Spanish history. It was taken from the Moors about the year 1090, by the celebrated Cid; and though it was reconquered by the Mahometans, it has since been generally distinguished from other towns of the same name, as VALENCIA OF THE CID (Valencia del Cid). Lat. 39° 29′ N., Lon., 0° 23′ E. Pop. estimated at about 66,000. (B.)

VALENCIA, Sometimes called NEW VALENCIA, a flourishing commercial t. of S. America, in the republic of Venezuela, near the W. extre

"There did she blossom till a VALAISAN,
A townsman of Martigny, won her heart."-

ROGERS's Italy, Part First, V.

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; pine or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õõ, as in good,

mity of the lake of Tacarigua (tå-kå-ree'-gwå), and about 20 m. S. S. E. of Porto Cabello, on the sea coast. Lat. 10° 12′ N., Lon. 67° 55′ W. Pop. estimated at 15,000. (B.)

VALENCIENNES, Vål`-lån`-se-enn', (Lat. Valentianæ,) a manufacturing t. and fortress of France, in the dep. of Nord, on the Scheldt, 28 m. S. S. E. of Lille. Lat. 50° 21' N., Lon. 3° 31 E. Pop. 16,679. (M.) VAL-LA-DO-LID (Sp. pron. vål-yå-no-leep', almost vål-уå-тно-leетH'; Anc. Pin'tia), a celebrated though now decayed city of Spain, in Old Castile, cap. of a prov. of its own name, on the Pisuerga (pe-sw&R/-gå), about 15 m. above its junction with the Douro, and about 100 m. N. N. W. from Madrid. It has a university, founded in 1346, which was formerly celebrated as a school of jurisprudence, and is now, with respect to the number of students, the second in Spain; eight colleges, and a school of the fine arts, besides less important institutions. Lat. 41° 40' N., Lon. 4° 42′ W. The pop., which, at the time of its greatest prosperity, was estimated at above 100,000, is now reduced to about 21,000. (B.)

VALLADOLID or MECHOACAN, mich-o-å-kån', a city of Mexico, cap. of the state of Mechoacan, in a fine valley, 140 m. W. by N. of Mexico. Lat. 19° 42′ N., Lon. 100° 52′ W. Pop. estimated at 25,000. (B.) VALPARAISO, vål-pår-i-so, the principal seaport t. of Chili, on the Pacific, 60 m. N. N. W. of Santiago. It is a very flourishing place, and one of the most important commercial towns on the Pacific. The first printing press in Chili was established here in 1811; in 1826, twelve newspapers were published in the town. (B.) The harbour of Valparaiso is protected from all winds except the north: its entrance is defended by three forts and a battery. Lat. 33° 2′ S., Lon. 71° 43′ W. Resident pop. in 1834, 25,000. (P. C.)

VALTELLINA, Vål-těl-lee-nå, a fertile and beautiful valley in the N. of Italy, drained by the r. Adda.

VAN, vån, a fortified t. of Asiatic Turkey, on the E. side of a lake of the same name. Lat. about 38° 30′ N., Lon. 43° 40′ E. Pop. estimated by Balbi at 20,000, but by some other writers as high as 40,000 or 50,000.

VAN, LAKE, a salt lake in Asiatic Turkey, principally between 38° and 38° 40′ N. Lat., and 42° 30′ and 43° 40′ E. Lon. Length above 60 m.; greatest breadth about 45 m.

VAN BU-REN, & co. in the N. central part of Ark., N. E. from the Arkansas r. Pop. 1,518. Co. t. Clinton.

VAN BUREN, a co. in the E. central part of Tenn., a little N.W. from the Tennessee r.

VAN BUREN, a co. in the S.W. part of Mich., bordering on Lake Michigan. Pop. 1,910.

VAN BUREN, a co. on the W. border of Mo., N. of Osage r. Pop.4,693. VAN BUREN, & co. in the S. E. part of Iowa, intersected by Des Moines r. Pop. 6,146. Co. t. Keosauque.

VAN-DER-BURG, a co. in the S. W. of Ind., on the Ohio r. Pop. 6,250. Co. t. Evansville.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. VAN DIE-MEN'S LAND OF TAS-MA-NI-A, an i. belonging to Great Britain, off the S. extremity of New Holland, between 40° 40′ and 43° 40′ S. Lat., and 144° 40′ and 148° 25′ E. Lon. The island is heart-shaped, with the apex towards the N. W. Length about 240 m.; greatest breadth 200 m. The surface is in general hilly or mountainous, but there appears to be a much larger proportion of good soil than in the Australian continent. The climate appears to be healthy, and the country seldom suffers from long-continued droughts or from too much rain.

VANNES, vånn, a seaport and commercial t. of France, cap. of the dep. of Morbihan, on the Gulf of Morbihan. Lat. 47° 39′ 26′′ N., Lon. 2° 45′ W. Pop. above 10,000. (B.)

VAN WERT, a co. in the W. N. W. part of Ohio, S. of the Maumee r. Pop. 1,577. Co. t. Van Wert.

VAR, a dep. in the S. E. part of France, bordering on the Mediterranean. Pop. 323,404. (B.) Capital, Draguignan.

VARINAS, vå-reel-nås, or BARINAS, bå-ree/-nås, a commercial t. of S. America, in Venezuela, cap. of a prov. of the same name, on an affluent of the Apure. Lat. about 7° 40′ N., Lon. 70° 20′ W. The pop., which, before the war of independence, amounted to 10,000, is now reduced to 3,000. (B.)

VARI-NA (Warna), a fortified seaport t. of European Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the Black Sea. Lat. 43° 12′ N., Lon. 27° 54′ E. Pop. estimated at 16,000. (B.)

VAUCLUSE, VÕ`-klüze', a dep. in the S. E. part of France, E. of, and bordering on the Rhone. It is separated from the dep. of the Mouths of the Rhone by the Durance. Pop. 246,071. (B.) Capital, Avignon.

VAUD, VÕ, (Ger. Waadt, Wåått,) a canton forming the W. N. W. extremity of Switzerland. Area 1,190 sq. m. Pop. about 184,000. (P. C.) Lausanne is the capital. This canton is also called PAYS DE VAUD.

VELEZ-MALAGA, và-leth/ må/-lå-gå, a t. of Andalusia, Spain, in a remarkably fertile country, on the r. Velez, 14 m. E. by N. of Malaga. Pop. estimated at 14,000. (B.)

VELLETRI, vêl-la/-tre, (Anc. Velit/ræ), a t. of Italy, in the Papal State, the cap. of a province of the same name, near the Appian Way, 20 m. S. E. of Rome, interesting for its remains of antiquity. Pop. about 10,000. (B.)

VENANGO, ve-nång/-go, a co. in the N.W. part of Pa., intersected by 4 the Alleghany r. Pop. 17,900. Co. t. Franklin.

Vendée, La, lå vån`-dà/ or ven-dee', a dep. in the W. S. W. part of France, bordering on the Bay of Biscay. Pop. 341,312. (B.) Capital, Bourbon-Vendee. The people of this part of France are said to have been formerly remarkable for the innocence and patriarchal simplicity of their lives, as they are distinguished in history for their brave, though finally unsuccessful resistance of the revolutionary armies, in 1793-6.-Adj. and inhab. VEN-DE-AN.

VENEZUELA, ven`-ez-wel-lå, (Sp. pron. ven-êth-wà/-lå), a republic of S. America, which formerly constituted a part of Colombia, between