Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, met; pine or pine, pîn; nỏ, nôt; õõ, as in good,

after passing into N. H., returns into Me., and empties itself into the Kennebeck, about 18 m. from its mouth.

ANDUXAR or AnDUJAR, ản-doo'-Hår, a t. of Andalusia, Spain, on the Guadalquivir, 18 m. N. W. of Jaen. Lat. about 38° N., Lon. 4° W. Pop. 10,000. (B.)

on

ANGERMANLAND, ong/-er-mån-lånd`, a prov. of Sweden, bordering or the Gulf of Bothnia.

ANGERS, an-jerz or ån-zhal, formerly sometimes written ANGIERS, an-jeerz*, (Anc. Juliom'agus, afterwards Andeca/vi,) a t. of France; cap. of the dep. of Maine and Loire, formerly of the prov. of Anjou, on the Mayenne, 165 m. S. W. of Paris. In the neighbourhood are extensive slate quarries, which give employment to 3,000 workmen, and furnish annually 80,000,000 slates. Lat. 47° 28' N., Lon. 0° 33′ W. Pop. 35,900. (B.)

ANGLESEY OF ANGLESEA, an'-g'l-se', an island and co. of Wales, in the Irish Sea. It is about 27 m. long, and 17 broad. Pop. 50,890.

AN-GO-LA, a country on the W. coast of Africa, extending from the r. Danda, in about 8° 20', to the r. Coanza, in 9° 20′ S. Lat. The name Angola is often used to comprehend the whole extent of coast from Cape Lopez Gonsalvo, in Lat. 0° 44′ S., to S. Felipe de Benguela, Lat. 12° 14 S. The chief, and almost sole object for which it is visited, is the trade in slaves.

AN-GO-RA OF AN-GOO-RA, (Anc. Ancy/ra, Turk. En-goor',) a city of Asiatic Turkey, noted for its manufactures, particularly of shawls, made from the hair of a species of goat, which derives its name from this town. Opium is extensively cultivated in the neighbouring territory. Ancyra was an important place under the Roman empire, and afterwards fell successively into the possession of the Persians, Arabs, and Turks. For some time it was the cap. of the Turkish dominion, but was lost in the celebrated battle fought between Tamerlane and Bajazet, in 1402. Mohammed I. recovered it in 1415, and since that period it has always belonged to the Ottoman empire. Lat. 39° 52′ N., Lon. 32° 46′ E. Pop. estimated by Balbi at 35,000 or 40,000.

ANGOSTURA, ån-gos-tool-rå, a t. of S. America, in Venezuela, on the Orinoco, about 240 m. from its mouth. Lat. 8° 8' N., Lon. 63° 55′ W. The pop. in 1807 amounted to more than 8,000, but is said at present not to exceed 3,000. (P. C.)

ANGOULÊME, AN -goo'-lame', a t. of France; cap. of the dep. of Charente, on the r. Charente, 65 m. N. E. of Bordeaux. Lat. 45° 39′ N., Lon. 0° 10′ E. Pop. 16,910. (B.)

ANGRA, ån/-grå, the cap. of Terceira, one of the Azores, situated on

"You men of ANGIERS, open wide your gates-"
"And lay this ANGIERS even with the ground."

KING JOHN, Act II., Scene 2.

↑ "Undamped by time the generous instinct glows,
Far as ANGOLA's sands or Zembla's snows."

ROGERS' Pleasures of Memory.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

an inlet on the S. coast. From this situation the town derives its name, angra signifying "inlet" in Portuguese. It is fortified and well built. Lat. 38° 38′ N., Lon. 27° 13′ W. Pop. about 13,000. (B.)

ANGUILLA, ån-ghil-la, (Sp. Anguila, an-gheel-lå,) or Snake Island (so called from its figure), one of the Antilles, about 20 m. long, and 6 broad. Lat. 18° 10' about N., Lon. 63° 20′ W.

ANGUS. See FORFARSHIRE.

ANHALT, ån/-hålt, an ancient principality of Germany, enclosed almost on every side by the Prussian territories, being bounded N. by Brandenburg, E. by Prussian Saxony, S. W. by the county of Mansfeld, and N. W. by Brunswick, Halberstadt, and Magdeburg. It is now divided into the duchies Dessau, Bernburg, and Cathen. Between 51° 35′ and 52° 6' N. Lat., and 10° 55′ and 12° 36′ E. Lon.

ANHOLT, ån hölt, a small island in the Cattegat, belonging to Denmark. Lat. about 56° 40′ N., Lon. 11° 35′ E.

ANJOU, ân/-joo,* (Fr. ån`-zhool,) formerly a prov. of France, now distributed among the deps. of Maine and Loire, Sarthe, Mayenne, and Vienne.

ANKLAM, ån/-klåm, a small commercial t. of Pomerania, 21 m. S. E. of Greifswald. Lat. 53° 50' N., Lon. 13° 48′ E. Pop. 6,286. (P. C.) AN-KO-BER, a t. of Abyssinia; cap. of the fertile prov. of Efat (Ifat). near 10° N. Lat., and 40° E. Lon.

ANNABERG, an-nå-beRG', a t. in the Erzgebirge (ore-mountain district), in the kingdom of Saxony, 2,800 ft. above the level of the sea, and about 48 m. S. W. of Dresden. Pop. 5,500. (P. C.)

AN-NAM. See COCHIN CHINA.

AN-NAP-O-LIS, the cap. of the state of Maryland, and of the co. of Ann Arundel, on the S. bank of the Severn, 25 m. S. by E. of Baltimore. It is a port of entry. Lat. 38° 58′ 35′′ N., Lon. 76° 33′ W. Pop. 2,792...

ANNAPOLIS, a t. of Nova Scotia; the seat of the provincial government until 1750, when Halifax was founded, and became the cap. of the prov. Int. 44° 40′ N., Lon. 65° 37′ W.

Ann Arun-dẸl, a co. of Maryland, on the W. side of Chesapeake Bay. Pop. 29,532. Co. t. Annapolis.

AN-NE-CY or ånn'-se', a t. of Savoy, on the N. bank of L. Annecy, 22 m. N. N. E. of Chambéry. It is the principal seat of manufacturing industry in Savoy. Lat. 45° 54' N., Lon. 6° 10′ E. Pop. between 5,000 and 6,000. (P. C.)

AN-NO-NAY', a t. of France; the busiest and most populous in the dep. of Ardèche, 34 m. N. of Privas, celebrated for its manufacture of paper, which is esteemed the best in France. Pop. 8,000. (B.)

ANSPACH, åns'-påк, or АNSBACH, a t. of Bavaria; cap. of a circle of

This accentuation of Anjou, when anglicized, is sanctioned by the authority of Shakspeare and other poets, as well as by the genius of our language.

"Command in ANJOU what your honour pleases."

Upon condition I may quietly

Enjoy mine own, the county Maine and ANJOU."

HENRY VI., Part First, Act V., Scene 3d.

Fåte, får, fäll, fåt; me, met; pine or pine, pin; n, not; ŏŏ as in good;

the same name, at the confluence of the Rezat with the Holzbach (holts/-bak), about 30 m. S. W. of Nuremberg. Lat. 49° 20' N., Lon. 10° 28′ E. Pop. between 16,000 and 17,000. (P. C)

AN-SON, a co. of N. C., bordering on the Yadkin r. and S. C. Pop. 15,077. Co. t. Wadesborough.

ANTEQUERA, ån-th-kV-rå, a t. of Andalusia, Spain, 30 m. N. N. W. of Malaga. Lat. 37° 9 N., Lon. 4° 35′ W. Pop. estimated at 20,000. (B.)

ANTIBES, AN -teeb, (Anc. Antipolis,) a fortified t. and port of France, in the dep. of Var, on the Mediterranean, near the frontier of the Sardinian dominions. Lat. 43° 33′ N., Lon. 7° 7 E. Pop. about 5,000. (P. C.)

ANTICOSTI, an-te-cos/-te, an island lying in the mouth of the St. Lawrence, above 120 m. long, and about 30 m. broad. It is uncultivated and uninhabited, with the exception of two families, who have been established here for the purpose of assisting persons cast away on the coast. (P. C.)

ANTIGUA, an-tee-ga, one of the Caribbee Islands, belonging to England, about 20 m. long, and 12 m. broad. St. John, the cap., is in Lat. 17° 10′ N., Lon. 61° 57′ W. Total pop. of the island, 35,714. (P. C.)

ANTILLES, an-teel', a name given to certain West India islands. The Greater Antilles comprehend Cuba, Hayti, Jamaica, and Porto Rico; the Lesser Antilles, all the Caribbean group, with those lying along the coast of S. America.

ANTIOCH, an-te-ok, (Anc. Antiochia, Turk. Antakia, ån-til-kee`-a,) a decayed city of Syria, on the S. bank of the Orontes, 46 m. W. of Aleppo. It was founded by Seleucus Nicator, who named it Antiochia, in honour of his father, Antiochus. It became the residence of the Syrian monarchs, and grew to be one of the largest cities in the world. Lat. 36° 8' N., Lon. 36° 12′ E. Pop. estimated by Balbi at 10,000.

ANTIOQUIA, ån-te-o-kee/-å, a prov. of New Granada, in the dep. of Cundinamarca. Also, a small t. of this prov.

ANTISANA, ån-te-så/-nå, a summit of the Andes, in Quito, the highest volcano in the world, having an elevation of 19,130 feet. Also, a village on the side of the above mountain, formerly regarded as the highest inhabited place on the globe, being 13,450 feet above the level of the sea; but it is now ascertained to be some hundred feet lower than the highest parts of the mining region, near Potosi. (B.) See THIbet. AN-TRIM, a co. forming the N. Ñ. E. extremity of Ireland. Pop. in 1831, 323,306. (P. C.)

ANTRIM, a t. of the above co., near the N. E. extremity of Lough Neagh, and about 15 m. N. W. of Belfast. It was once a place of great importance, but in 1831 had a population of only 2,655. (P. C.) ANTRIM (Megissee), a co. in the N. N. W. part of Mich., bordering on an arm of L. Michigan.

ANTI-WERP, (Dutch, Antwerpen, ånt/-w¿r-pẹn, Fr. Anvers, ån`-vaiR',) a t. of Belgium, on the right bank of the Scheldt, 36 m. N. of Brussels. It is strongly fortified on the land side, and has a large citadel on the

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng.

S. The commerce of Antwerp is still considerable, though but the shadow of what it was in the 16th century, when its population amounted to more than 200,000, and when, if we may believe the concurrent testimony of different writers worthy of credit, 500 vessels daily entered its port, and about 2,500 ordinarily lay at anchor there. It is estimated that this great emporium put into circulation every year 500,000,000 florins, and that the annual receipts from the imposts amounted to 2,000,000. (B.) Lat. 51° 14′ N., Lon. 4° 22′ E. Pop. in 1831, 77,199. (P. C.)

ANZIN, N`-Zan', a village of France, near Valenciennes, in the dep. of Nord, and the seat of the most extensive collieries in the kingdom. The number of pits amounts to 40, and some of them have been sunk to the depth of 1,476 feet (450 metres); 16,000 workmen are employed here. (B.) Pop. of the village, 4,000. (P. C.)

The

AN-ZOO-AN (ANZUAN or ANJOUAN), commonly called JO-HAN-NA, the first in importance, though the second in size, of the Comoro Islands. The most southern point is in 12° 25' S. Lat.; the most eastern, 44° 34 E. Lon. Its circumference is estimated at from 70 to 80 miles. pop., much reduced of late, was formerly rated at 100,000. (P. C.) AOSTA, å-os/-tå, a t. of Piedmont; cap. of a duchy of the same name, situated nearly 2,000 feet above the level of the sea, and about 65 m. S. E. of Geneva. Lat. 45° 45' N., Lon. 7° 16' E. Pop. 5,500. (P. C.)

AP-EN-NINES, the general name for the great mountain system of Italy. This chain, beginning near Mount Appio, in the territory of Genoa, traverses Italy in its whole length. When near the end of its course, it divides into two branches, one of which runs S. E. towards the Capo di Leuca, while the other advances S. to the Strait of Messina. Mount Etna, which may justly be regarded as forming a part of the Apennine system, and Mount Corno, in Abruzzo Ultra, are the highest points of the chain; the former having an elevation of about 10,870 feet (1,700 toises), the latter of 9,520 feet (1,489 toises). (B.) AP-PA-LACH-I-CO-LA, a r. formed by the union of the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, in Ga. : it flows through Florida into a bay of its own name, communicating with the Gulf of Mexico. Length, 70 m.

APPALACHICOLA, a port of entry of Florida, cap. of Franklin co., at the mouth of the above r.

APPENZELL, ap'-pênt-sell', a canton in the E. N. E. part of Switzerland. Area, 153 sq. m. Pop. 55,000. (B.)-Inhab. APPENZELLER, åp`-pentsel'-ler.

APPENZELL, a t. of the above canton, on the Sitter, 40 m. E. by S. of Zürich. Pop. about 5,000. (B.)

AP-PLING, a co. in the S. E. part of Ga., S. of, and bordering on the Altamaha. Pop. 2,052. Seat of justice, Appling c. h.

AP-PO-MAT-TOX, a r. in the S. E. part of Va., flowing into James r. APT, åpt, (Lat. Ap'ta Julia,) an ancient t. of France, in the dep. of Vaucluse, about 30 m. E. by S. of Avignon. Lat. 43° 53′ N., Lon. 5° 25′ E. Pop. 5,433. (M. B.)

APURE, à-pool-rà, a r. of S. America, in Venezuela, which flows into

Fate, far, fall, fát; mẻ, mét ; pine or pine, pin ; nó, nỗt; bò, as in good;

the Orinoco. Length estimated at 650 m. nearly the whole of its course.

It is navigable through

Aqui, à-que, a t. of the Sardinian states, 47 m. E. S. E. of Turin, noted for its warm sulphurous baths. Pop. 6,700. (M.)

AQUILA, à'-que-lå, a t. of Naples, in the prov. of Abruzzo Ultra, 57 m. N. E. of Rome. It is surrounded by walls, which are above 3 m. in extent, but a great portion of the enclosed space is now occupied by gardens. This town holds a conspicuous place in history, and was long considered as the first city of the kingdom, after Naples. During the acme of its prosperity it could muster, it is said, 15,000 armed men at the sound of the alarm bell. The period of its greatest glory may be reckoned from about the middle of the 13th, to the beginning of the 16th century. Lat. 42° 20′ N., Lon. 13° 28′ E. Present pop. about 8,000. (B.)

AQUINO, á-quee/-no, (Anc. Aqui'num,) a decayed t. of Campania, in the kingdom of Naples. It was a large and populous city in the time of Strabo; the Via Latina passed through it. Juvenal, the Roman poet, was born in or near Aquinum. This town suffered greatly from the invasions of the barbarians, on the fall of the Roman empire, and was at last utterly destroyed, during the wars of the emperors Conrad and Manfred against the popes. At present it contains scarcely 1,000 inhabitants. Lat. 41° 33′ N., Lon. 13° 40′ E.

AR-A-BI-A, an extensive country in the S. W. part of Asia, bounded on the N. by Syria and the river Euphrates, E. by the Persian Gulf, S. by the Indian Ocean, and W. by the Red Sea. Length from the northern extremity, on the Euphrates, to Cape Babelmandel, about 1,500 m.; breadth on the southern coast, from the Red Sea to the Persian Gulf, 1,200 m.; from Basrah to Suez, 900 m. It is commonly divided into three parts, Arabia Felix, or happy; Petræa, or stony; and Deserta, or desert. Arabia Felix borders on the Persian Gulf, the Indian Ocean, and the S. part of the Red Sea; Arabia Petræa lies on the Red Sea, N. of Arabia Felix; Arabia Deserta includes all the northern part of the country. Among the Arabians, these names are not known. They call Arabia Deserta, Nedjed or Nej'd; Arabia Petræa, Hedjaz; Arabia Felix is divided into Yemen, Hadramaut, Oman, and Lahsa; which will be treated of under their respective heads.

This vast country contains but two rivers worthy of the name, the Meïdam (må`e-dåm/), and the Shab, which descend from the plain of Yemen into the Indian Ocean. All the other streams either entirely disappear in summer, or descend from the mountains and are dried up before reaching the sea. (B.) Arabia has long been celebrated for the abundance of its odoriferous plants. Coffee, of a superior quality, is cultivated in Yemen. Grapes, maize, wheat, barley, beans of different kinds, tobacco, &c., are produced in this country. The gum Arabic is obtained from an indigenous tree called by naturalists the acacia

vera.

Arabia is remarkable in history for having almost uniformly maintained its independence against the different conquering powers which