Elements of mental philosophy

Harper, 1856 - 480 էջ

Ընտրյալ էջեր

Section	xxi

CHAPTER V	xxi

Of the connexion of the mind with the material world	18

Our first knowledge in general of a material or external origin 5 Shown further from what we notice in children	19

Further proof of the beginnings of knowledge from external causes	21

The same subject further illustrated	22

Illustration from the case of James Mitchell	23

CHAPTER II	24

Illustration of the preceding statement	193

Grounds of the selection of propositions	194

Reasoning implies the existence of antecedent or assumed propo sitions	195

Further considerations on this subject	196

Of differences in the power of reasoning	197

Of habits of reasoning	198

Of reasoning in connexion with language or expression	199

Illustration of the foregoing section	200

Sensations are not images or resemblances of objects Page ib 18 19 20 21 22 23 10 All sensation is properly and truly in the mind	25

The connexion between the mental and physical change not ca pable of explanation	26

Of the meaning and nature of perception 14 Perception makes us acquainted with a material world	27

Of the primary and secondary qualities of matter	28

Of the secondary qualities of matter	29

CHAPTER III	30

Connexion of the brain with sensation and perception	31

Order in which the senses are to be considered 20 Of the sense and sensations of smell	32

Of perceptions of smell in distinction from sensations	33

Of the sense and the sensations of taste	34

CHAPTER IV	35

Varieties of the sensation of sound	36

Manner in which we learn the place of sounds	37

38283	44

Relation between the sensation and what is outwardly signified	45

CHAPTER VI	46

Statement of the mode or process in visual perception	47

Of the original and acquired perceptions of sight	48

The idea of extension not originally from sight	49

Of the knowledge of the figure of bodies by the sight	50

Illustration of the subject from the blind	51

Measurements of magnitude by the	52

Of objects seen in a mist 41 Of the sun and moon when seen in the horizon	53

Of the estimation of distances by sight	54

Signs by means of which we estimate distance by sight	55

Estimation of distance when unaided by intermediate objects	56

Of objects seen on the ocean	57

CHAPTER VII	58

56	60

Of habit in relation to the hearing	62

Application of habit to the touch	64

Other striking instances of habits of touch	65

Habits considered in relation to the sight	66

Origin of the distinction of simple and complex	67

Sensations may possess a relative as well as positive increase of power	68

Of habits as modified by particular callings and arts	69

The law of habit considered in reference to the perception of the outlines and forms of objects	70

Notice of some facts which favour the above doctrine	71

Additional illustrations of Mr Stewarts doctrine	72

CHAPTER VIII	73

Of conceptions of objects of sight	74

Of the influence of habit on our conceptions	76

Influence of habit on conceptions of sight 63 Of the subserviency of our conceptions to description	77

Of conceptions attended with a momentary belief	78

Conceptions which are joined with perceptions	81

Conceptions as connected with fictitious representations	82

Page	83

ib	84

Supposed complexness without the antecedence of simple feelings	87

The precise sense in which complexness is to be understood	88

Illustrations of analysis as applied to the mind	89

Complex notions of external origin	90

Of objects contemplated as wholes	91

CHAPTER X	92

Instances of particular abstract ideas	93

Mental process in separating and abstracting them	94

General abstract notions the same with genera and species	95

Process in classification or the forming of genera and species	96

Early classifications sometimes incorrect 83 Illustrations of our earliest classifications	97

Of the nature of general abstract ideas 92 93 94 95 885853	98

The power of general abstraction in connexion with numbers c	99

Of the speculations of philosophers and others	100

CHAPTER XI	101

Of different degrees of attention	102

Dependence of memory on attention	103

Of exercising attention in reading	104

Alleged inability to command the attention	105

Instances of notions which have an internal origin	106

CHAPTER XII	107

Dreams are often caused by our sensations	108

Explanation of the incoherency of dreams 1st cause 97 Second cause of the incoherency of dreams	110

Apparent reality of dreams 1st cause	111

Apparent reality of dreams 2d cause	112

Of our estimate of time in dreaming	113

Explanation of the preceding statements	114

PART II	119

CHAPTER I	121

CHAPTER II	123

Ideas of existence mind selfexistence and personal identity	124

Of the nature of inity and the origin of that notion 111 Nature of succession and origin of the idea of succession	127

Origin of the notion of duration 113 Illustrations of the nature of duration	128

Of time and its measurements and of eternity	129

The idea of space not of external origin	130

The idea of space has its origin in suggestion	131

Of the origin of the idea of power	132

Of the ideas of right and wrong	133

Origin of the ideas of moral merit and demerit	134

Of other elements of knowledge developed in suggestion 122 Suggestion a source of principles as well as of ideas	135

CHAPTER III	136

Further remarks on the proper objects of consciousness	137

Consciousnes a ground or law of belief 126 Instances of knowledge developed in consciousness	138

CHAPTER IV	140

Occasions on which feelings of relation may arise	141

Of the use of correlative terms 130 Of relations of identity and diversity	142

11 Relations of degree and names expressive of them	143

111 Of relations of proportion	144

IV Of relations of place or position	145

v Of relations of time	146

vi Of ideas of possession	147

VII Of relations of cause and effect	148

Of complex terms involving the relation of cause and effect	149

Connexion of relative suggestion with reasoning	150

CHAPTER V	151

Of the general laws of association	152

Resemblance the first general law of association	153

Of resemblance in the effects produced	154

Contrast the second general or primary	155

Contiguity the third general or primary	157

Cause and effect the fourth primary	158

ALSOCIATION II SECONDARY LAWS Bection Page 147 Secondary laws and their connexion with the primary	159

Of the influence of lapse of time	160

Secondary law of repetition or habit	161

Of the secondary law of coexistent emotion	162

Original difference in the mental constitution	163

The foregoing as applicable to the sensibilities	164

CHAPTER VII	166

Of memory as a ground or law of belief	167

Of differences in the strength of memory	168

Of circumstantial memory or that species of memory which is based on the relations of contiguity in time and place	169

Illustrations of specific or circumstantial memory	170

Of philosophic memory or that species of memory which is based on other relations than those of contiguity	171

Illustrations of philosophic memory	172

Of that species of memory called intentional recollection	173

Nature of intentional recollection	174

Marks of a good memory	175

Directions or rules for the improvement of the memory	177

Further directions for the improvement of the memory	179

Of observance of the truth in connexion with memory	180

CHAPTER VIII	181

Mental action quickened by influence on the physical system	183

Other instances of quickened mental action and of a restoration of thoughts	184

Approval and illustrations of these views from Coleridge	185

Application of the principles of this chapter to education	187

Connexion of this doctrine with the final judgment and a future life	189

CHAPTER IX	190

Definition of reasoning and of propositions	191

Process of the mind in all cases of reasoning	192

Section Page 185 Of the subjects of demonstrative reasoning	201

Use of definitions and axioms in demonstrative reasoning	202

The opposites of demonstrative reasonings absurd	203

Demonstrations do not admit of different degrees of belief	204

Of the use of diagrams in demonstrations	205

CHAPTER XI	206

Of the nature of moral certainty	207

Of reasoning from analogy	208

Of reasoning by induction	209

Of combined or accumulated arguments	210

CHAPTER XII	211

Care to be used in correctly stating the subject of discussion	212

Consider the kind of evidence applicable to the subject	213

Fallacia equivocationis or the use of equivocal terms and phrases	215

Of the sophism of estimating actions and character from the cir cumstances of success merely	216

Of adherence to our opinions	217

Effects on the mind of debating for victory instead of truth	218

CHAPTER XIII	219

The imagination closely related to the reasoning power	220

Definition of the power of imagination	221

Process of the mind in the creations of the imagination 7	222

Further remarks on the same subject	223

Grounds of the preference of one conception to another	224

Illustration of the subject from Milton	225

Illustration of the statements of the preceding section	227

On the utility of the faculty of the imagination	228

Importance of the imagination in connexion with reasoning	229

CHAPTER XIV	231

Of excited conceptions and of apparitions in general	232

Of the less permament excited conceptions of sound	234

First cause of permanently vivid conceptions or apparitions Morbid sensibility of the retina of the eye	235

Reference to the general division of the whole mind	261

PART I	267

EMOTIONS OF BEAUTY Section Piet 252 Characteristics of emotions of beauty	273

Of what is meant by beautiful objects	274

Of the distinction between beautiful and other objects	275

Grounds or occasions of emotions of beauty various	276

All objects not equally fitted to cause these emotions	277

mental constitution	278

Remarks on the beauty of forms The circle	279

Original or intrinsic beauty The circle	280

Of square pyramidal and triangular forms	281

Of the original or intrinsic beauty of colours	283

Further illustrations of the original beauty of colours	284

Of sounds considered as a source of beauty	286

Illustrations of the original beauty of sounds	287

Further instances of the original beauty of sounds	290

Of motion as an element of beauty	291

Explanation of the beauty of motion from Kaimes	292

CHAPTER III	293

Objects may become beautiful by association merely	294

Further illustrations of associated feelings	295

Instances of national associations	297

The sources of associated beauty coincident with those of human happiness	298

Summary of views in regard to the beautiful	299

CHAPTER IV	300

The occasions of the emotions of sublimity various	301

Great extent or expansion an occasion of sublimity	302

Of depth in connexion with the sublime	303

Of colours in connexion with the sublime	304

Page	305

Indications of power accompanied by emotions of the sublime	306

Considerations in proof of the original sublimity of objects b 285 Of the original or primary sublimity of objects	307

Influence of association on emotions of sublimity	308

CHAPTER V	309

Occasions of emotions of the ludicrous	310

Of what is understood by wit	311

Of wit when employed in aggrandizing objects	312

Of the character and occasions of humour	313

Of the practical utility of feelings of the ludicrous	314

Emotions of melancholy sorrow and grief	315

Emotions of surprise astonishment and wonder	316

Emotions of diffidence modesty and shame	317

CLASS II	318

THE DESIRES	319

CHAPTER I	321

Of the place of desires in relation to other mental states	322

The desires characterized by comparative fixedness and perma nency	323

Desires always imply an object desired	324

Of variations or degrees in the strength of the desires	325

Classification of this part of the sensibilities	326

The principles based upon desire susceptible of a twofold op eration	327

CHAPTER II	328

Instances of instincts in the human mind	330

Further instances of instincts in men	331

Of the final cause or use of instincts	332

CHAPTER III	333

Of the prevalence and origin of appetites for intoxicating drugs	334

Of the twofold operation and the morality of the appetites	335

CHAPTER IV	336

Principle of selfpreservation or the desire of continued existence	337

Of the twofold action of the principle of selfpreservation	338

Further illustrations of the principle of curiosity	339

of the twofold operation and the morality of the principle of curi osity	340

Imitativeness or the propensity to imitation	341

Practical results of the principle of imitation	342

Uses and moral character of instinctive resentment	346

Of voluntary in distinction from instinctive resentment	347

Modifications of resentment	352

Modifications of resentment	353

CHAPTER VI	360

358	368

365	368

Of the nature of love or benevolence in general	371

Illustrations of the filial affection	377

Of the connexion between benevolence and rectitude	383

Of patriotism or love of country	389

Disordered action of the principle of selfpreservation	454

Disordered and alienated action of the possessory principle	455

Disordered action of imitativeness or the principle of imitation	456

Disordered action of the principle of sociality	457

Further remarks on the disordered action of the social propensity	458

Of the disordered action of the desire of esteem	459

Disordered action of the desire of power	460

CHAPTER II	461

Familiar instances of sympathetic imitation	462

Instances of sympathetic imitation at the poorhouse of Harlem	463

Other instances of this species of imitation	464

CHAPTER III	465

Of sudden and strong impulses of the mind	467

Insanity of the affections or passions	468

Of the mental disease termed hypochondriasis	469

Of intermissions of hypochondriasis and of its remedies	471

Disordered action of the passion of fear	473

CHAPTER IV	475

Of accountability in connexion with this form of disordered con science	476

Of natural or congenital moral derangement	477

450 Of moral accountabili y in cases of natural or congenital moral derangement	479

34	4

36	6

74 76 77 78	9

104	11

108	12

124	13

ib 136

151

Common terms and phrases

affections antecedent appear appetites apply asso association attention benevolent body called cause CHAPTER character circumstances colours complex conceptions connexion conscience consciousness consequence consideration considered constitution degree desire disordered action distinct emotions of beauty eral erwise excited exer exercise existence expressed external fact frequently give habit human mind human voice hypochondriasis ideas IGNORATIO ELENCHI illustrations imagination implies important insanity instance instinctive intel intellect James Mitchell ject Julius Cæsar knowledge memory mental MENTAL PHILOSOPHY merely moral character moral emotions moral reasoning moral sensibilities notice notion objects obligation obvi occasion operation original outward particular passion Pathematic perceive perception person possess present principle propen propensity propositions reasoning reference regard relation remark respect retina rience sensation sense sight simple sion sometimes sophism sound statement sublime suggestion suppose susceptible term things thought tion touch truth visual perception voluntary words

Սիրված հատվածներ

Էջ 87 - The crow doth sing as sweetly as the lark, When neither is attended ; and, I think The nightingale, if she should sing by day, When every goose is cackling, would be thought No better a musician than the wren.‎

Հանդիպում է 1733-2008-ը 765 գրքում

Էջ 64 - Spit, fire! spout, rain! Nor rain, wind, thunder, fire, are my daughters: I tax not you, you elements, with unkindness; I never gave you kingdom, call'd you children, You owe me no subscription: then let fall Your horrible pleasure; here I stand, your slave, A poor, infirm, weak, and despis'd old man.‎

Հանդիպում է 1390-2008-ը 448 գրքում

Էջ 289 - The voice of the Lord is upon the waters: the God of glory thundereth: the Lord is upon many waters.‎

Հանդիպում է 1655-2008-ը 470 գրքում

Էջ 149 - Where the great Sun begins his state Robed in flames and amber light, The clouds in thousand liveries dight; While the ploughman, near at hand, Whistles o'er the furrowed land, And the milkmaid singeth blithe, And the mower whets his scythe, And every shepherd tells his tale Under the hawthorn in the dale.‎

Հանդիպում է 1707-2008-ը 773 գրքում

Էջ 9 - A Dictionary of Science, Literature, and Art : Comprising the History, Description, and Scientific Principles of every Branch of Human Knowledge ; with the Derivation and Definition of all the Terms in General Use. Edited by WT BRANDE, FRSL and E.‎

Հանդիպում է 1796-2008-ը 721 գրքում

Էջ 292 - AND I saw another mighty angel come down from heaven, clothed with a cloud : and a rainbow was upon his head, and his face was as it were the sun, and his feet as pillars of fire...‎

Հանդիպում է 1706-2008-ը 891 գրքում

Էջ 217 - The sooty films that play upon the bars Pendulous, and foreboding in the view Of superstition prophesying still Though still deceived, some stranger's near approach.‎

Հանդիպում է 1802-2008-ը 181 գրքում

Էջ 382 - For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law unto themselves : which show the work of the law written in their hearts, their conscience also bearing witness, and their thoughts the mean while accusing or else excusing one another,) in the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ, according to my gospel.‎

Հանդիպում է 1689-2008-ը 1147 գրքում

Էջ 173 - ... according to the deeds done in the body, whether they be good or whether they be evil...‎

Հանդիպում է 1694-2008-ը 369 գրքում

Էջ 368 - The air was sweet and plaintive, and the words, literally translated, were these : ' The winds roared and the rains fell. The poor white man, faint and weary, came and sat under our tree. Ke has no mother to bring him milk ; no wife to grind his corn.' Chorus : 'Let us pity the white man ; no mother has he, etc., etc.‎

Հանդիպում է 1793-2008-ը 81 գրքում

Բիբլիոգրաֆիական տվյալներ

Վերնագիր	Elements of mental philosophy
Հեղինակ	Thomas Cogswell Upham, 1799-1872
Հրատարակիչ	Harper, 1856
Length	480 էջ

Export Citation	BiBTeX EndNote RefMan

About Google Books - Գաղտնիության քաղաքականություն - Ծառայության մատուցման պայմանները - Տեղեկություններ հրատարակիչների համար - Report an issue - Help - Google Սկզբնական էջ

Books

Elements of mental philosophy

Ընտրյալ էջեր

Բովանդակություն

Common terms and phrases

Սիրված հատվածներ

Բիբլիոգրաֆիական տվյալներ