16. Puget Sound (Washington).-Conference held January 16-17, 1962, at Olympia, Wash., on Puget Sound, the Straits of Juan de Fuca, and all navigable estuarine waters and navigable streams. Seven pulp-and-paper mills are the chief sources of pollution, and a study of the effects of their wastes will produce a final report in fiscal year 1967. A second session of the conference will be held at that time.

17. Mississippi River-Clinton, Iowa area (Illinois-Iowa).-Conference held March 8, 1962, at Clinton, Iowa. Sixteen municipalities and twelve industries were involved, and a detailed schedule for remedial action was established. Substantial progress has been made.

18. Detroit River (Michigan).-Conference held March 27, 1962, at Detroit, Mich. Involved are at least 42 municipalities and 56 industries. Problems of pollution caused by municipal and industrial wastes were intensively investigated and a report published; a second session of the conference was held in June 15-18, 1965, in Detroit. The conferees unanimously agreed on a program of remedial

action.

19. Androscoggin River (New Hampshire-Maine).-First session of conference held September 24, 1962, at Portland, Maine, and recessed to session held February 5. 1963. Fourteen municipalities and more than 12 industries are involved. Classification of the river and its tributaries is proceeding on schedule.

20. Escambia River (Alabama-Florida).-Conference held October 24, 1962, at Pensacola, Fla. It was concluded that no pollution of interstate waters subject to abatement under the Federal Water Pollution Control Act was occurring at that time.

21. Coosa River (Georgia-Alabama).—Conference held August 27, 1963, at Rome. Ga. Three municipalities and 13 industries are involved. A technical committee established at the conference has met frequently and agreed upon a program of remedial action. Substantial progress has been made.

22. Pearl River (Mississippi-Louisiana).—Conference held October 22, 1963, at New Orleans, La. Two municipalities and two industries are involved. A schedule for remedial action was established, and a second session of the conference will be called if action taken does not produce satisfactory water quality in the river.

23. South Platte River (Colorado).—Conference held October 29, 1963, at Denver, Colo. Sixty-two municipalities, including the Denver metropolitan area, and more than 34 industries are involved. A study project is investigating sources of pollution. A second session of the conference will convene on April 27, 1966.

24. Menominee River (Michigan-Wisconsin).—Conference held on November 6, 1963, at Menominee, Mich. At least 7 industries and 11 municipalities are involved. There has been substantial compliance with the recommendations of the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare.

25. Connecticut River, lower (Massachusetts-Connecticut).-Conference held on December 2, 1963, at Hartford, Conn.; 20 industries and 21 municipalities are involved. A schedule for remedial action was established.

26. Monongahela River (West Virginia-Pennsylvania-Maryland).—Conference held December 17-18, 1963, at Pittsburgh, Pa. The major pollution sources are coal mines, and means of abating pollution from coal mine drainage are now under study.

27. Snake River-Lewiston-Clarkston area (Idaho-Washington).—Conference held January 15, 1964, at Lewiston, Idaho. Three municipalities and four industries are involved. A study of bacterial pollution has been conducted, and the States are to establish requirements for industrial waste treatment by 1966, after which time remedial action is to be completed within 2 years.

28. Upper Mississippi River (Minnesota-Wisconsin).-Conference held February 7-8, 1964, at St. Paul, Minn. More than 31 municipalities and 36 industries are involved. An intensive survey of the Mississippi River is being conducted, and at its completion the conference will be reconvened.

29. Merrimack River (New Hampshire-Massachusetts).-Conference held February 11, 1964, at Boston, Mass. More than 44 municipalities and 57 industries are involved. A schedule for remedial action was established.

30. Lower Mississippi River (Arkansas-Tennessee-Mississippi-Louisiana).— Conference held May 5-6, 1964, at New Orleans, La. Discharges from at least 28 municipalities and 61 industries are involved. An investigation is being conducted to identify all sources of pollution affecting the main stem of the lower Mississippi River.

31. Blackstone and Ten Mile Rivers (Massachusetts-Rhode Island).-Conference held January 26, 1965, at Providence, R.I. Schedules for remedial action were presented by both States concerned.

32. Lower Savannah River (South Carolina-Georgia).—Conference held February 2, 1965, at Savannah, Ga. Schedule for remedial action was established and will be put into effect with the advice of a technical committee.

33. Mahoning River (Ohio-Pennsylvania).—Conference held February 16-17, 1965, at Youngstown, Ohio. A schedule for remedial action was established.

34. Grand Calumet River, Little Calumet River, Calumet River, Wolf Lake, Lake Michigan, and tributaries (Illinois-Indiana).—Conference held March 2–9, 1965, at Chicago, Ill. A schedule for remedial action was established and is being put into effect with the advice of a technical committee. A technical session of the conference was held January 4, 1966. The conferees met in executive session on January 31 and February 1, 1966, and agreed on water quality criteria and a time schedule for control of industrial waste discharges.

35. Lake Erie (Michigan-Indiana-Ohio-Pennsylvania-New York).-Conference held August 3-5, 1965, at Cleveland, Ohio, and August 10-11, 1965, at Buffalo, N.Y. Recommendations for remedial action were unanimously adopted. A technical committee has been established to evaluate water quality problems in Lake Erie relating to nutrients.

36. Red River of the North (Minnesota-North Dakota).-Conference was held September 14-15, 1965, at Fargo, N. Dak., and further meetings among the conferees were held January 18 and March 4, 1966, in Minneapolis, Minn.

37. Hudson River (New York-New Jersey).-Conference was held September 28-30, 1965, in New York, N.Y. The conferees agreed upon a program for remedial action, and a schedule to put this into effect has been established.

SUMMARY OF OBJECTIVES OF COMPREHENSIVE PROGRAMS

The comprehensive water pollution control program is concerned with the development of both short- and long-range regional water pollution control programs designed to provide a regulated supply of clean water, available for all legitimate uses, to the present and future population of a given geographic

area.

Comprehensive program activities now cover about 50 percent of the total land area of the United States and about 73 percent of the Nation's population. The basins presently under development or management phases are:

Arkansas-Red Rivers.

Central Pacific.

Chesapeake Bay-Susquehanna River.

Columbia River.

Delaware estuary.

Great Lakes-Illinois River.

Hudson-Champlain and metropolitan coastal area.

Missouri.

Ohio.

Southeastern.

A brief description of each project follows:

ARKANSAS-RED RIVER BASINS PROJECT

This program covers about 6 percent of the total land area of the continental United States and about 3 percent of her population. It was initiated in fiscal year 1958 and the planning phase completed in fiscal year 1964. The management phase began immediately thereafter. The major water pollution problem in the program area is salt pollution from natural sources and oilfield operations. Since 1964, the project has been working with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and various State agencies on implementing measures proposed for reducing pollution from these sources.

CENTRAL PACIFIC PROJECT

This is one of our newest projects, having been initiated in fiscal year 1966, planning phase activities will be completed in fiscal year 1972. About 8% percent of the country's population lives and works here in less than 4 percent of her total land area. The massive transfer of water from northern California, where two-thirds of the State's total runoff occurs, to southern California and

the San Joaquin Valley, where the major water use occurs, poses unusual water quality problems that must be solved. This tranfer will result in almost complete control of the major rivers and streams in California, with concomitant changes in the regimen of the streams that will affect most of the State's population. The project's major efforts are being directed toward an evaluation of the effects on water quality of these water resources development schemes. Especially important is the urgent need for information on which to base the decision on the ultimate disposal, via the San Luis drain, of agricultural drainage from the San Joaquin Valley.

CHESAPEAKE BAY-SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASINS PROJECT

Five and two-thirds percent of the population and two-percent land area of the United States are encompassed by this project. Chesapeake Bay, the most prolific producer of seafood in the world, is the dominant geographic feature of the area. Acid drainage from active and abandoned mines in the Susquehanna and Potomac River Basin drainages and municipal wastes from the BaltimoreWashington metropolitan complexes are the most pressing water pollution problems facing the area. This project was initiated in fiscal year 1961 and scheduled for completion of the planning phase in 1968; it will begin the management phase in fiscal year 1969. The project is participating with the interdepartmental task force that was established to develop a plan to make the Potomac Basin a conservation model. Included in this effort was the development of a Potomac estuary mathematical model for predicting pollution dispersion, dissolved oxygen distribution, and developing a priority listing of the type and magnitude of actions which must be taken to meet water-quality goals.

COLUMBIA RIVER BASIN PROJECT

This project was initiated in fiscal year 1961; and the planning phase completed in fiscal year 1967; management phase activities will begin in selected subbasins during fiscal year 1967. The project covers about 7.5 percent of the land area of the country and 3 percent of the Nation's population. The main objective of the project is the protection of the existing relatively excellent quality of surface waters in the region. The densely populated lower Willamette River Valley has caused degradation of the Willamette River. Cooperative action, based on completed plans between municipal, State, and Federal agencies is being taken to correct this situation.

DELAWARE ESTUARY PROJECT

This project was initiated in fiscal year 1961 and the planning phase will be completed in fiscal year 1967. The management phase activities will begin in fiscal year 1967. The study area includes less than 0.5 percent of the land area of the United States, but 3.5 percent of the country's population lives there. The estuary receives large quantities of both municipal and industrial wastes, particularly from refining and chemical processing industries.

The project area is unique in that it has operating interstate water resources management organization. The project will work closely with the Delaware Basin Commission on implementation of the comprehensive program that has been developed.

GREAT LAKES-ILLINOIS RIVER BASINS PROJECT

This project was begun in fiscal year 1961 in support of the Department of Justice's efforts to decide the question of diversion of Great Lakes water by the city of Chicago; planning phase activities will be completed in fiscal year 1969. The project covers the industrial heartland of the United States; 15.3 percent of the country's population lives here. Water quality problems range from that of maintaining the relatively pure state of the waters of Lake Superior to rehabilitation of Lake Erie, which has been termed a "dying lake" in the news media, and correction of the severe degradation of the Calumet-Sag ship channel and the Illinois River. Management phase activities will be underway in the Illinois River Basin in fiscal year 1967.

HUDSON-CHAMPLAIN AND METROPOLITAN COASTAL AREAS PROJECT

This project is centered in the New York metropolitan area and covers an area of about 34,000 square miles in which abuot 20 million people live. The project

was initiated in fiscal year 1965; planning phase activities will be completed in fiscal year 1971. The water quality problems in this area are diverse and extremely complex. Complexities result from the industrial wastes discharged to the surface waters in the region, the municipal wastes produced by tremendous concentration of population, and the degradation caused by urban runoff, including discharges from combined sewers. For example, the shellfish areas in the New York metropolitan area have, with few exceptions, been closed to interstate marketing because of contamination from municipal wastes and waste discharges from the industrial plants.

MISSOURI RIVER BASIN PROJECT

This project covers almost 16 percent of the land area and about 5.5 percent of the population of the United States. It was initiated in fiscal year 1966 and planning phase activities will be completed in fiscal year 1972. Major project effort is being expended in the early years on providing water supply and water quality data to other Federal agencies, cooperating in a framework study of water and related land resources development in the Missouri River Basin. Pollution problems in the area stem from municipal and industrial wastes, particularly those originating from meatpacking industries, and from agricultural runoff.

OHIO RIVER BASIN PROJECT

This project is responsible for most of water pollution control work in Appalachia, since 66 percent of the counties in that region are in the Ohio River Basin. The project covers 124 percent of the total area of the United States and was initiated in fiscal year 1963; planning phase activities will be completed in fiscal year 1970. Water pollution problems stem from the major population and industrial complexes in the basin and from mine drainage. The cities of Pittsburgh, Charleston, and Cincinnati, with their mixtures of municipal and industrial waste flows, have major impact on the quality of water in the river. The efforts of the Ohio River Sanitation Commission (Orsanco) have resulted in a general improvement in water quality in the river and its tributaries despite increasing use of the available water resource.

SOUTHEASTERN PROJECT

This

This project was begun in fiscal year 1964; and the planning phase will be completed in fiscal year 1970. The management phase will begin in fiscal year 1969. It covers slightly in excess of 4 percent the total U.S. land area. is a water-rich area, with relatively good water quality. Pollution, stemming from municipal and industrial sources and from agricultural drainage, degrade stretches of some streams. The project is directed toward efforts to restore the quality of these polluted stretches, to protect the existing quality where foreseeable future uses can be met and to find means for ameliorating the effects of nutrient and pesticide constituents in agricultural rural runoff.

Senator MUSKIE. You refer to the fact that you have assembled a group of dedicated, able, and professionally qualified engineers, scientists, and administrators. How many of these people are going to stay in the program? Do we know?

Secretary GARDNER. Senator, as I understand it, of about 170 commissioned officers who have made a decision, 100 chose to stay with the Department.

Senator MUSKIE. What was that, Mr. Secretary?

Secretary GARDNER. Of those who have decided, a hundred planned to stay with the Public Health Service and 70 planned to go into the new Water Pollution Control Agency. Of course, those who choose the PHS career will not all return at one time.

Senator MUSKIE. Of those 100, how many will be working on the health aspects of water pollution that you defined this morning? Secretary GARDNER. I would say many of them.

Senator MUSKIE. They will continue to work in the field?

Secretary GARDNER. Yes, sir.

Senator MUSKIE. Of the other 70, what is the present picture? Secretary GARDNER. They will go to Interior with the new Water Pollution Control Administration. Since that original sorting out, a few additional officers have made their choices and there is a higher percentage who are planning to go with the new organization in these later choices.

Senator MUSKIE. So that you may get more than the 70?.

Mr. QUIGLEY. The latest figure, Senator, just for purposes of completing the record at this point, 102 commissioned officers have indicated to date their desire to remain with the Public Health Service and 91 have indicated their desire to remain with the program and to forego their commissions.

We still have approximately a hundred commissioned officers who have the decision to make between now and June 30.

Senator MUSKIE. We are talking of a total of about 300 personnel? Mr. QUIGLEY. Approximately 300.

Senator MUSKIE. Of those, 102 have definitely elected to stay with the PHS, 91 have elected to move with the program, and we have a hundred still uncertain?

Mr. QUIGLEY. Right.

Senator MUSKIE. Do you know under the proposed reorganization plan has that had any influence on the decision of any number of these people one way or the other?

Secretary GARDNER. It would be hard to say. The later choices have been proportionately in favor of moving toward the new program but I don't know what you can conclude from that.

Mr. QUIGLEY. The figures in the last 2 weeks, out of 25 that came in, 5 elected to stay in the Public Health Service and 20 elected to transfer to the new program. This was after the reorganization plan had become general knowledge but I would not want to overextend any interpretation of that figure. It could have been a coincidence. Senator MUSKIE. Secretary Udall, have you been doing any recruiting?

Secretary UDALL. I am not free to do much yet.

I wish I were.

Senator MUSKIE. We will be glad to free you to do it. One of the unfortunate aspects of the reorganization of last year and this year is that apparently we are going to lose some of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare people. Even though they continue to work in the field they will not be doing so with the same breadth, concern, and consideration that they did before.

You also refer to the 320 grants for water pollution, research, and demonstrations which you approve. To what kinds of institutions or organizations have those grants gone?

Secretary GARDNER. May I ask Mr. Quigley to respond?

Mr. QUIGLEY. Largely to universities, institutions of higher learning. Also to some nonprofit organizations, foundations of this type. Largely they are research grants to universities.

Senator MUSKIE. Has any consideration been given to providing support for industrial organizations?

Mr. QUIGLEY. Yes, Senator; and in the authorization we got in the Water Quality Act last year, in the demonstration field for the problem