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[Treaty of Balta-Liman.]

who are the most notable and the most worthy of confidence, and of some members of the higher Clergy. The principal attributes of these Councils shall be the assessment of the Taxes, and the examination into the yearly Budget in the two Provinces.

Commissions of Revision of Organic Statute to be Established at Jassy and Bucharest.

ART. III. In order to proceed with all necessary deliberation to the organic improvements required by the actual state of the Principalities and the administrative abuses which have been introduced there, two Commissions of Revision shall be established, one at Jassy and the other at Bucharest, composed of the Boyards most commendable. from their character and abilities, to whom shall be entrusted the task of revising the existing Regulations and of pointing out the modifications best calculated to confer upon the Administration of the Country the Regularity and Unity in which they have frequently been deficient.

Work of Commissioners to be sanctioned by Ottoman Government.

The work of these Commissioners shall be submitted with the shortest delay possible to the examination of the Ottoman Government, which, after having come to an understanding with the Court of Russia thereupon, and having thus proved their mutual approbation, shall grant to the said modifications its definitive sanction, which shall be published in the usual manner by a Hatti-sheriff of His Majesty the Sultan.

Occupation of the Country by Ottoman and Russian Troops.

ART. IV. The troubles which have so deeply disturbed the Principalities having demonstrated the necessity of affording to their Governments the support of a Military Force capable of promptly repressing every Insurrectional Movement, and of causing the established authorities to be respected, the two Imperial Courts have agreed to prolong the presence of a certain portion of the Russian and Ottoman Troops which at present occupy the country; and specifically, in order to preserve the Frontiers of Wallachia and of Moldavia from casualties from abroad, it has been determined to leave therein, for the time, from 25,000 to 35,000 men of each of the two Parties. After the tranquillity of the said Frontiers shall be re-established, there shall remain in the two Countries about 10,000 men on each side, until the com

[Treaty of Balta-Liman.]

pletion of the work of the Organic Improvement and the Consolidation of the Internal Tranquillity of the two Provinces. Thereupon the troops of the two Powers shall completely evacuate the Principalities, but they shall still remain at hand to re-enter immediately, in case the occurrence of serious events in the Principalities should require that measure to be again adopted. Independently of that, provision shall be made for completing without delay the reorganisation of the Native Militia, so that by its discipline and efficiency it may afford a sufficient guarantee for the maintenance of legal order.

Extraordinary Russian and Ottoman Commissioners to Reside in Principalities.

ART. V. Pending the duration of the Occupation the two Courts shall continue to cause an Extraordinary Russian Commissioner and an Extraordinary Ottoman Commissioner to reside in the Principalities. These Special Agents will be commissioned to watch over the progress of affairs, and to offer in common to the Hospodars their advice and counsel whensoever they shall observe any serious abuses or any measure prejudicial to the tranquillity of the Country. The said Extraordinary Commissioners shall be furnished with identic instructions agreed upon between the two Courts, which shall prescribe to them their duties and the degree of interference which they will have to exercise in the affairs of the Principalities. The two Commissioners will likewise have to agree together upon the choice of the members of the Commissions of Revision to be established in the Principalities, as has been stated in Article III. They will give an account to the respective Courts of the work of those Commissions, adding thereto their own observations.

Agreement to last 7 Years.

ART. VI. The duration of the present Arrangement is fixed at 7 years, at the expiration of which the two Courts reserve to themselves to take into consideration the situation in which the Principalities may then be, and to determine upon the ulterior measures which they may judge most suitable and proper to insure for a long time hereafter the well-being and the tranquillity of those Provinces.

Treaties, &c., respecting Principalities to remain in force.
ART. VII. It is understood that by the present Instrument,

[Treaty of Balta-Liman.]

occasioned by exceptional circumstances, and concluded for a limited time, none of the stipulations existing between the two Courts in regard to the Principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia are set aside, and that all previous Treaties confirmed by the Separate Act of the Treaty of Adrianople (No. 145) retain their full force and effect.

The 7 preceding Articles having been agreed upon and concluded, our Signature and the Seal of our Arms have been affixed to the present Instrument, which is delivered to the Sublime Porte, in exchange for that delivered to us by His Highness the Grand Vizier and His Excellency the Minister for Foreign Affairs aforesaid.

10th April
1st May

Done at Balta-Liman, 8th Djemasi-ul-Akhir, 1265).

(L.S.) RESHID PASHA. (L.S.) AALI PASHA.

1849 (and of the Hegira, the

(L.S.) VLADIMIR TITOFF,
Envoy Extraordinary and Minister
Plenipotentiary of His Majesty the
Emperor of Russia at the Sublime
Ottoman Porte.

[Navigation of the River Po.]

No. 212.-TREATY between the Governments of Austria, Modena, and Parma, on the Free Navigation of the River Po. Signed at Milan, 3rd July, 1849.*

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1. Freedom of Navigation of the Po as far as Adriatic Sea. Free Navigation of Streams joining the Po.

2. Suppression of Transit Dues along the whole course of the Po. Excep tions.

3. Landing of Ships or Convoys. Places where Boats or Convoys must Land.

4. Prohibition of exclusive right of Navigation on the Po.

5. Appointment of Navigation Commissioners.

sion.

6. Attributes of Commission.

Deliberations of Commis

7. Superintendence of Mills, &c., as well of the Bridges, &c., by the Com

mission.

8. Powers of Commission.

9. Commission to appoint Subaltern Officers of Superintendence.

10. Fund for Payment of Expenses of Commission.

11. Navigation Dues.

12. Levy of Navigation Dues. Vessels not touching at Custom-houses to be Free of Navigation Dues.

13. Monthly Payments to be made by Custom-house Officers.

14. Mode of Levying Navigation Dues.

15. Preventive measures against Non-Payment of Duties.

16. Custom-house Registers.

17. Increase of Navigation Dues to be by common consent.

18. Division of Excess of Navigation Dues. Payment of Deficiency. 19. Prohibition to Exempt or Augment Dues.

20. Settlement of Disputes. Police Regulations.

21. Prevention of Smuggling.

22. Sanitary Regulations.

23. Service and Payment of Pilots.

24. Moneys, Weights, and Measures.

Additional Article.

Negotiations to be entered into with Piedmont.
Tariff of the Dues for Navigation on the Po.

Acts of Accession to the above.

* The Pope acceded to this Treaty on the 12th February, 1850.

[Navigation of the River Po.]

(Translation as laid before Parliament.)

(Ratified with Ministerial Declaration, on the part of Austria, September 11th, 1849; on the part of Modena, August 25th, 1849; and on the part of Parma, September 15th, 1849.)

His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, Bohemia, Gallicia, Lodomiria, Lombardy, Venice, &c.;

His Royal Highness the Archduke, Duke of Modena, &c.; and

His Royal Highness the Infante of Spain, Duke of Parma, &c.;

Having with full accord agreed, through their respective Governments, to promote, for the benefit of commerce, the Free Navigation of the Po, at present from the confluence of the Ticino to the Adriatic, and His Majesty reserving to himself to obtain assent accordingly from the Pontifical State also, have in the mean time determined as follows, but not to act upon the same until, when the above-mentioned assent shall be obtained, the present Convention may be published; and they have named their Plenipotentiaries, that is to say:

His Majesty the Emperor of Austria, Charles Louis Chevalier Bruck, his Minister of Commerce, &c.;

His Royal Highness the Archduke, Duke of Modena, Theodore Conte di Volo, his Chamberlain, Councillor in the Foreign Department, &c.; and

His Royal Highness the Infante, Duke of Parma, Thomas Baron Ward, Grand Cross of the Grand Ducal Order of Saint Joseph of Tuscany, &c.;

Who, having met in Milan, and having exhibited their Full Powers, found to be in good and due form, and having exchanged the same, they have stipulated and agreed to the following Articles:

Free Navigation of the Po as far as Adriatic Sea.

ART. I. The Navigation of the Po shall be free and exempt from all burden along the whole tract of the Territories of the States signing, as far as the Adriatic Sea, and it shall not be interdicted, nor shall impediments be interposed in any way to any person whatever, with reservation of the regulations which may be now cr hereafter determined with the common consent of

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