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5

E36 1922

A. A. B.

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME II. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL
CONTRIBUTORS,1 WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE
ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

ANDREW ALEXANDER BLAIR.

{

Chief Chemist, U.S. Geological Survey and Tenth U.S. Census, 1879-1881. Assaying.
Member American Philosophical Society. Author of Chemical Analysis of Iron; &c.

ALFRED BARTON Rendle, F.R.S., F.L.S., D.Sc.

Keeper of the Department of Botany, British Museum.

Editor of The Year's Art.

A. B. R.

A. C. R. C.

ALBERT CHARLES ROBINSON CARTER.

A. C. Sp.

A. F. L.

A. F. P.

ARTHUR COE SPENCER, PH.D.

Geologist to the Geological Survey of the United States.

ARTHUR FRANCIS LEACH, M.A.

{Angiosperms (in part); Apple.

Art Societies.

{Appalachian Mountains.

Charity Commissioner since 1906. Fellow of All Souls' College, Oxford, 1874-1881. Ascham.
Formerly Assistant Secretary, Board of Education. Author of English Schools at
the Reformation; History of Winchester College; Bradfield College; &c.

ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.Soc.

{

Professor of English History in University of London. Fellow of All Souls' College, Askew.
Oxford.

MAJOR ARTHUR GEORGE FREDERICK GRIFFITHS (d. 1908).

H.M. Inspector of Prisons, 1878-1896. Author of The Chronicles of Newgate; Anthropometry.
Secrets of the Prison House; &c.

REV. ARCHIBALD HENRY SAYCE, D.LITT., LL.D., D.D.
See the biographical article: SAYCE, A. H.

General in the Persian Army. Author of Eastern Persian Irak.

ANDREW JACKSON LAMOUREUX.

Assur: City; Assur-Bani-Pal.

{Ardebil.

Argentina: Geography.

Librarian, College of Agriculture, Cornell University. Editor of the Rio News Asunción;

A. G.

A. H. S.

A. H.-S.

SIR A. HOUTUM-SCHINDLER, C.I.E.

A. J. L.

A. L.

A. M. C.

AGNES MARY CLERKE.

See the biographical article: CLERKE, A. M.

A. S. M.

A. T.

A. W. R.

B.

B. R.

C. Ar,

C. B.*

C. Ch.

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ALEXANDER STUART MURRAY, LL.D.

See the biographical article: MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART.

ANTOINE THOMAS, D.-ÈS-L.

Atacama, Desert of.
Apparitions.

Astronomy: History.

Aqueduct (in part).

Professor in the University of Paris. Member of the Institute of France. Director Aubusson: Town.
of Studies at the École Pratique des Hautes Études. Author of Les États pro-
vinciaux de la France centrale sous Charles VII; &c.

ALEXANDER WOOD RENTON, M.A., LL.B.

Puisne Judge of the Supreme Court of Ceylon. Editor of Encyclopaedia of the Laws
of England.

LORD BALCARRES, M.P., F.S.A.

{

Apportionment;
Arbitration.

Eldest son of the 26th Earl of Crawford. Trustee of National Portrait Gallery. Art Galleries.
Hon. Secretary, Society for Protection of Ancient Buildings. Author of Donatello; &c.
SIR BOVERTON REDWOOD, D.Sc., F.R.S. (Edin.), Assoc.INST.C.E., M.INST.M.E.
Adviser on Petroleum to the Admiralty, the Home Office and the Indian Office. Asphalt.
President, Society Chemical Ind., 1907-1908.

CHANNING ARNOLD.

University College, Oxford. Barrister-at-law. Author of The American Egypt.

CHARLES BÉMONT, D.-ÈS-L., D.LITT. (Oxon.).

See the biographical article: BÉMONT, CHARLES.
CHARLES CHREE, M.A., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S.
Superintendent, Observatory Department, National Physical Laboratory. Formerly
Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. President, Physical Society of London.

Australia: Aborigines.

Annals; Anselme;
Arbois de Jubainville; Aulard.
Atmospheric Electricity;
Aurora Polaris.

'A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in the final volume.

V

C. EL.

C. F. A.

C. H. Rd.

C. Pl.

C. Pl.

C. W.*

C. W. W.

D. C. B.

D. F. T.

D. G. H.

D. H.

E. Br.

SIR CHARLES NORTON EDGECUMBE ELIOT, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L.
Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield University Scholar of Balliol, Oxford, 1881-1885.
Hertford, Boden, Ireland, Craven and Derby Scholar. Fellow of Trinity. Third
Secretary Embassy at St Petersburg, 1888-1892; Constantinople, 1893-1898. Asia: History.
Commissioner for British East Africa, 1900-1904. Author of Turkey in Europe;
Letters from the Far East.

CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON.

Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal
Fusiliers). Author of The Wilderness and Cold Harbour.

CHARLES HERCULES READ, LL.D. (St Andrews).

Arms and Armour: Firearms:
Army; Artillery.

Keeper of British and Medieval Antiquities and Ethnography, British Museum. Archaeology.
President of the Society of Antiquaries of London. Past President of the Anthro-
pological Institute. Author of Antiquities from Benin; &c.

CHRISTIAN PFISTER, D.-ÈS-L.

Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author
of Etudes sur le règne de Robert le Pieux.

REV. CHARLES PLUMMER, M.A.

:{

Antrustion;
Austrasia.

Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1901. Author of Life Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. and Times of Alfred the Great; &c.

CHARLES WALDSTEIN, M.A., D.LITT., PH.D.

Slade Professor of Fine Art, Cambridge. Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. Argos: The Heraeum.
Director of the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge, 1883-1889. Director of the
American Archaeological School at Athens, 1889-1893.

SIR CHARLES WILLIAM WILSON, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., F.R.S. (1836-1897).
Major-General, Royal Engineers. Secretary to the North American Boundary
Commission, 1858-1862. British Commissioner on the Servian Boundary Com-.
mission. Director-General of the Ordnance Survey, 1886-1894. Director-
General of Military Education, 1895-1898. Author of From Korti to Khartum;
Life of Lord Clive; &c.

DEMETRIUS CHARLES BOULGEK

:{

Ararat;

Armenia;
Asia Minor.

Author of England and Russia in Central Asia; History of China; Life of Gordon; { Antwerp.
India in the 19th Century; History of Belgium; &c.

DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY.

Balliol College, Oxford. Author of Essays in Musical Analysis, comprising The Aria.
Classical Concerto, The Goldberg Variations, and analyses of many other classical works.
DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A.

Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford.
Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naukratis, 1899
and 1903: Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907. Director, British School at
Athens, 1897-1900. Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.
DAVID HANNAY.

Antioch; Apamea; Arabgir;
Asia Minor; Aspendus;
Assus.

Anson, Baron;

Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of Short History of the Royal Antonio, Prior of Crato;
Navy, 1217-1688; Life of Emilio Castelar; &c.

ERNEST BARKER, M.A.

Aranda, Count of; Armada.

Fellow and Lecturer of St John's College, Oxford. Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Aulic Council.
Merton College.

EDWARD BURNETT TYLOR, F.R.S., D.C.L. (Oxon.).

See the biographical article: TYLOR, E. B.

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See the biographical article: Gosse, E. W.
EDMUND OWEN, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.Sc.

Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the Children's Hospital,
Great Ormond Street. Late Examiner in Surgery at the Universities of Cam--
bridge, Durham and London. Author of A Manual of Anatomy for Senior Students.
ERNEST PRESCOT HILL, M.INST.C.E.

Member of the firm of G. A. Hill & Sons, Civil Engineers, London.
SIR EDWIN RAY LANKESTER, K.C.B., F.R.S., D.Sc. (Oxon.) LL.D.

Hon. Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. President of the British Association, 1906.
Professor of Zoology and Comparative Anatomy in University College, London,
1874-1890. Linacre Professor of Comparative Anatomy at Oxford, 1891-1898.
Director of the Natural History Departments of the British Museum, 1898-1907.
Vice-President of the Royal Society, 1896. Romanes Lecturer at Oxford, 1905.
Author of Degeneration; The Advancement of Science; The Kingdom of Man; &c.
REV. ETHELRED LEONARD TAUNTON (d. 1907).

Anthropology.

Anthony, Saint; Augustinian
Canons; Augustinian
Hermits; Augustinians.
Arbaces; Ardashir; Arsaces;
Arses; Artabanus;
Artaphernes; Artaxerxes;
Astyages.

{Asbjornsen and Moe;

Aneurysm;
Appendicitis.

{Aqueduct: Modern.

Arachnida;

Arthropoda.

Author of The English Black Monks of St Benedict; History of the Jesuits in Aquaviva, Claudio.
England; &c.

EDWARD VERRALL LUCAS.

Editor of Letters of Charles and Mary Lamb, Author of Life of Charles Lamb.

{Austen, Jane.

F. C. C.

Anointing; Armenian Church;

Armenian Language and
Literature; Asceticism.

Vice-President Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Lecturer on
Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital and the London School of Medicine for Arteries.
Women. Formerly Examiner in the Universities of Cambridge, Aberdeen, London
and Birmingham; and Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons.
FRANCIS HENRY NEVILLE, M.A., F.R.S.

Fellow of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Lecturer on Physics and
Chemistry.

FRANCIS LLEWELYN GRIFFITH, M.A., PH.D. (Leipzig), F.S.A.

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Reader in Egyptology, Oxford. Editor of the Archaeological Survey and Archaeo- Anubis; Apis;
logical Reports of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Fellow of the Imperial German] Assiut; Assuan.
Archaeological Institute.

FRANK R. CANA.

Author of South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union.
SIR FRANK T. MARZIALS, C.B.

F. T. M.

Ashanti.

Formerly Accountant-General of the Army. Author of Lives of Victor Hugo: Augier, G. V. E.
Molière; Dickens; &c.

{

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F. W. R.

Asbestos;

Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1879-1902. Atacamite.
President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889.

G. C. B.

FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S.

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Formerly Berkeley Fellow of Owens College, Manchester, and Assistant Professor Aquarium.
of Zoology at University College, London.

Professor of Church History, University of Giessen. Author of Das Papsttum; &c. Augustine, Saint (of Hippo).
GRANT SHOWERMAN, PH.D.

{

Arius; Athanasius;

os{
:{

REV. GRIFFITHES WHEELER THATCHER, M.A., B.D.

Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and
Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford,

HILARY BAUERMANN, F.G.S. (d. 1909).

Antara ibn Shaddad;

Arabia: Antiquities, History,
Literature; Arabian Philo-
sophy (in part); A'Shā;
Ash'Arī; Asma'Ï; Assassin.

Formerly Lecturer on Metallurgy at the Ordnance College, Woolwich. Author of Anthracite.
A Treatise on the Metallurgy of Iron.

HUGH CHISHOLM, M.A.

Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition of Argyll, Earls and Dukes of
the Encyclopaedia Britannica; co-editor of the 10th edition.

H. F. G.

H. F. P.

HENRY FRANCIS PELHAM, LL.D.

See the biographical article: PELHAM, H. F.

REV. HENRY FANSHAWE TOZER, M.A., F.R.G.S.

Hon. Fellow of Exeter College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. Corre-
sponding Member of Historical Society of Greece. Author of Lectures on the Geo-
graphy of Greece; History of Ancient Geography. Editor of Finlay's History of Greece.
HEBER HART.

Barrister-at-law.

HENRY HEATHCOTE STATHAM, F.R.I.B.A.

Editor of The Builder. Author of Architecture (Modern) for General Readers; Architecture: Modern.
Modern Architecture; &c.

{

Fellow and Librarian of Clare College, Cambridge. Author of Studies on Anglo-Angli; Anglo-Saxons.
Saxon Institutions.

J. A. H.

J. A. R.

J. B. T.

J. Bn.
J. D. B.

HENRY NEWTON DICKSON, M.A., D.Sc. (Oxon.), F.R.G.S., F.R.S. (Edin.).
Professor of Geography, University College, Reading, Author of Elementary Atlantic Ocean.
Meteorology; Papers on Oceanography; &c.

HENRI SÉE.

Professor in the University of Rennes.

HUGH SHERINGHAM.

Angling Editor of The Field (London).

ISRAEL ABRAHAMS, M.A.

Angling.

Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature, University of Cambridge. President, Asher Ben Jehiel.
Jewish Historical Society of England. Author of A Short History of Jewish Litera-
ture; Jewish Life in the Middle Ages.

JOHN ALLEN HOWE, B.Sc.

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Student, Censor and Tutor of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, 1896. Angora.
Formerly Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford. Joint-author of Studica Pontica.

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Member and Fellow of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons. Professor of
Surgery at the Royal Veterinary College, London. Examiner for the Fellowship Anthrax.
Diploma of the R.C.V.S. Editor of Fleming's Operative Veterinary Surgery (2nd
edition); Dun's Veterinary Medicines (10th edition); and Neumann's Parasites and
Parasitic Diseases of the Domesticated Animals (2nd edition).

JEAN PAUL HIPPOLYTE EMMANUEL ADHÉMAR ESMEIN.

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K. S.

L. H.*

L. J. S.

L. M. Br.

L. W.

M. G.

M. H. C.

M. J. De G.

M. Ja.

Professor of Geology, University of Glasgow.
Mineralogy, University of Melbourne, 1900-1904.
Australia; Australasia.

JAMES WYCLIFFE HEADLAM, M.A.

Professor of Geology and
Author of The Dead Heart of

Staff Inspector of Secondary Schools under the Board of Education. Formerly

{Apprenticeship.

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Fellow of King's College, Cambridge. Professor of Greek and Ancient History at Arnim, Count,
Queen's College, London. Author of Bismarck and the Foundation of the German
Empire; &c.

KATHLEEN SCHLESINGER.

Author of The Instruments of the Orchestra.

LOUIS HALPHEN, D.-ÈS-L.

{Arghoul; Asor; Aulos.

Lecturer on Medieval History at the University of Bordeaux. Formerly Secretary Anjou.
of the École des Chartes, Paris.

LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A., F.G.S.

Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex
College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the Mineralogical Magazine.

LOUIS MAURICE BRANDIN, M.A.

Fielden Professor of French and of Romance Philology in the University of London.
LUCIEN WOLF.

Anhydrite; Ankerite;
Annabergite; Anorthite;
Apatite; Apophyllite;
Aragonite; Argentite;
Argyrodite; Augite.
{Anglo-Norman Literaturo.

Vice-President of the Jewish Historical Society of England. Formerly President of Anti-Semitism.
the Society. Joint editor of the Bibliotheca Anglo-Judaica.
MOSES GASTer.

Chief Rabbi of the Sephardic communities of England. Vice-President, Zionist
Congress, 1898, 1899, 1900. Ilchester Lecturer at Oxford on Slavonic and
Byzantine Literature, 1886 and 1891. President, Folklore Society of England. Anthim the Iberian.
Vice-President, Anglo-Jewish Association. Author of History of Rumanian
Popular Literature; A New Hebrew Fragment of Ben-Sira; The Hebrew Version of
Secretum Secretorum of Aristotle.

MONTAGUE HUGHES CRACKANTHORPE, K.C., D.C.L.

President of the Eugenics Education Society. Formerly Member of the General
Council of the Bar and Council of Legal Education. Late Chairman, Incorporated
Council of Law Reporting. Honorary Fellow St John's College, Oxford.

MICHAEL JAN de Goeje.

See the biographical article: GOEJE, MICHAEL JAN DE.

MORRIS JASTROW, PH.D. (Leipzig).

Arbitration, International.

{Arabia: Literature (in part).

Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania. Author of Religion Anu; Assur (God);
of the Babylonians and Assyrians; &c.

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Formerly Archivist to the French National Archives. Auxiliary to the Institute Aumale, Duc d'.
of France (Academy of Moral and Political Sciences).

NORMAN MCLEAN, M.A.

:{

Fellow, Lecturer and Librarian of Christ's College, Cambridge. University Lecturer
in Aramaic. Examiner for the Oriental Languages Tripos and the Theological
Tripos at Cambridge.

N. W. T.

NORTHCOTE WHITBRIDGE THOMAS, M.A.

Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding Member of the
Société d'Anthropologie de Paris. Author of Thought Transference; Kinship and
Marriage in Australia; &c.

Aphraates.

Animal-Worship:
Animism.

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