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ren generally good. Chief town, Warren Town. Population in 1820, 11, 158.

WARREN, county of, Georgia, bounded N.E. and E. by Columbia, S.E. and S. by Jefferson, by Great Ogechee river separating it from WashWashington S.W., and Hancock W., and by Wilkes N. Extending in latitude from 33° 7' to 33° 34', and in longitude from 5° 26' to 5° 52′ W. from W. C. Length 28, mean width 20, and area 560 square miles. Declivity of the southern and western part to the southeastward, and drained by Great Ogechee and Brier creek; the northern part slopes towards the N.E., and is drained by some branches of Little river into Savannah river. Chief town is Warren Town. Population in 1820, 10,630, and in

1830, 10,946.

WARREN, county of, Tennessee, bounded by Franklin S., Bedford S. W., Rutherford W., Wilson N. W., Smith N., White N.E. and E., and Cumberland mountain separating it from Bledsoe S.E. Greatest length 48 miles from the southern to the northern angle, mean breadth 20, and area 960 square miles. Extending in latitude from 35° 28′ to 36° 6', and in longitude from 8° 19′ to 9° 4' W. from W. C. Declivity N. E., and commensurate with the western and largest sections of the valley of Caney Fork river. Chief town M'Minville. Population in 1820, 10,348, and in 1830, 15,210.

WARREN, county of, Mississippi, bounded N. by Washington, N.E. by Yazoo county, E. by Big Black river separating it from Hind, S. E. and S. by Big Black river separating it from Claiborne, and W. by the Mississippi river separating it from Concordia parish in Louisiana. Length 40 miles, mean width 15, and area 600 square miles. Extending in latitude from 32° 3' to 32° 35', and in longitude from 13° 42′ to 14° 13' W. from W. C. The Mississippi river bounding this county on the westward receives the Yazoo and Big Black rivers from the N.E.; the general declivity is therefore to the S.W. The eastern part is broken into hills, which in one or two places reach the Mississippi, forming clay cliffs. Along that great river, how ever, the bottoms are liable to submersion; but over the whole county, where the soil is sufficiently elevated to admit cultivation, it is highly fertile. Principal staple, cotton. Chief towns Vicksburg and Warren Town. Population in 1820, 2693, and in 1830, 7861.

WARREN, county of, Kentucky, bounded by Edmonson N., Barren E., Allen S. E., Simpson S., Logan W., and Butler N.W. Length from E. to W. 36, mean width 17, and area 612 square miles. Extending in latitude from 36° 50' to 37° 11' N., and in longitude from 9° 2' to 9° 38′ W. from W. C. Declivity N.N.W. and traversed in that direction by Big Barren river, which unites with Green river at the extreme northwestern angle of the county. Chief town, Bowling Green. Population in 1820, 11,776, and in 1830, 10,947. This county was divided between 1820 and 1830.

WARREN, County of, Ohio, bounded S. by Clermont. S. W. by Hamilton, Butler W., Montgomery N.W., Greene N.E., and Clinton E. Length 24, mean width 20, and area 480 square miles. Extending in latitude from 39° 14′ to VOL. XVIII.-PART II.

39° 37', and in longitude from 6° 55′ to 7° 22′ W. from W. C. The Miami river and canal crosses the northwestern angle of this county, whilst the central parts are traversed by Little Miami. The course of both rivers, and the slope of the county being to the southeastward. Surface rolling and soil excellent. Besides at Lebanon the county seat there were in 1830 post-offices at Deerfieldsville, Edwardsville, Franklin, Hopkinsville, Kirkwood, Red Lion, Ridgeville, Rochester, Springboro', Twenty Mile Stand, and Waynesville. Lebanon, post village and seat of justice for this county, is situated near the centre of the county, 31 miles N.E. from Cincinnati, and by post-road 83 miles S.W. by W. from Columbus. N. latitude 39° 25′, longitude 7° 12′ W. from W. C.

WARREN, county of, Indiana, bounded by the Indian country N.W., Tippacanoe county N.E., Wabash river separating it from Fountain S.E., Vermilion county S. W., and Vermilion county of Illinois, W. Greatest length, as laid down by Tanner, 26, mean breadth 18, and area 468 square miles. Extending in latitude from 40° 10' to 40° 30′ N, and in longitude from 10° 6' to 10° 40' W. from W. C. The slope of this county is to the S.E., towards the Wabash. Williamsport, the county seat, lies about 30 miles to the N.W. by W. from Columbus.

WARREN, one of the western counties of Illinois, bounded by Mercer N., Knox E., Fulton S.E., Macdonough S., Hancock S. W., and Mississippi river W. This county was formed out of a part of the soldier's bounty lands, between the Illinois and Mississippi rivers, and similar to the adjacent counties, the outlines are agreeable to the cardinal points. Breadth from south to north 32 miles, mean breadth 30, and area 960 square miles. Extending in latitude from 40° 37' to 41° 4' N., and in longitude from 13° 26' to 14° 6′ W. from W. C.

WARREN, county of, Illinois, extends from the Mississippi river over a narrow acclivity, and into the valley of Spoon river, branch of Illinois river. The southeastern part is drained by Swan creek, branches into Spoon river, but the greater part of the county has a western declivity towards the Mississippi.

By a note annexed to its name on the post-office list of 1831, it then, Oct. 1830, contained no postoffice. The centre, as the outlines are delineated on Tanner's Map, is about 160 miles northwestward from Vandalia.

WARREN, post village and seat of justice, Trumbull county, Ohio, is situated on the Mahoning branch of Big Beaver river, 70 miles N. W. from Pittsburgh, 70 N. from Steubenville, and by post road 157 miles N.E. by E. from Columbus, and 297 miles N. W. by W. from W. C. N. latitude 41° 17', longitude 3° 50′ W. from W. C. It is a thriving village. Population about 500. DARBY.

WARREN, JOSEPH, a major-general in the American army, was born in Roxbury, Massachusetts, in 1740, and was graduated at Harvard college in 1759. Directing his attention to medical studies, he in a few years became one of the most eminent physicians in Boston. But he lived at a period

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when greater objects claimed his attention, than those which related particularly to his profession. His country needed his efforts, and his zeal and courage would not permit him to shrink from any labours or dangers. His eloquence, and his talents as a writer, were displayed on many occasions, from the year in which the stamp act was passed, to the commencement of the war. He was a bold politician. While many were wavering with regard to the measures which should be adopted, he contended that every kind of taxation, whether external or internal, was tyranny, and ought immediately to be resisted; and he believed that America was able to withstand any force that could be sent against her. From the year 1768, he was a principal member of a secret meeting or caucus in Boston, which had great influence on the concerns of the country. With all his boldness, and deci sion, and zeal, he was circumspect and wise. In this assembly, the plans of defence were matured. After the destruction of the tea, it was no longer kept secret. He was twice chosen the public orator of the town on the anniversary of the massacre, and his orations breathe the energy of a great and daring mind. It was he who, on the evening before the battle of Lexington, obtained information of the intended expedition against Concord, and at ten o'clock at night dispatched an express to Messrs. Hancock and Adams, who were at Lexington, to warn them of their danger. He himself on the next day, the memorable 19th of April, was very active. It is said in General Heath's memoirs, that a ball took off part of his ear lock. In the confused state of the army, which soon assembled at Cambridge, he had vast influence in preserving order among the troops. After the departure of Hancock to Congress, he was chosen president of the provincial congress in his place. Four days previously to the battle of Bunker's or Breed's Hill, he received his commission of major-general. When the intrenchments were made upon the fatal spot, to encourage the men within the lines, he went down from Cambridge and joined them as a volunteer, on the eventful day of the battle, June 17th. Just as the retreat commenced, a ball struck him on the head, and he died in the trenches, aged 35 years. He was the first victim of rank that fell in the struggle with Great Britain. In the spring of 1776 his bones were taken up and entombed in Boston, on which occasion, as he had been grand master of the Free Masons in America, a brother mason, and an eloquent orator, pronounced a funeral eulogy. With zeal in the cause of liberty which blazed, Dr. Warren was yet judicious in counsel, and candid and generous towards those who had different sentiments respecting the controversy. His mind was vigorous, his disposition humane, and his manners affable and engaging. In his integrity and patriotism entire confidence was placed. To the most undaunted bravery he added the virtues of domestic life, the eloquence of an accomplished orator, and the wisdom of an able statesman. He published an oration in 1772, and another in 1775, commemorative of the 5th of March, 1770.-Allen's Biog. Dict.

WARRICK, one of the southern counties of

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Indiana, bounded by Vanderberg W., Gibson N.W., Pike N., Dubois N.E., Spencer E. and S. E., and Ohio river separating it from Henderson county, Kentucky, S. Length 25, mean breadth 13, and area 325 square miles. Extending in latitude from 37° 54' to 38° 15', and in longitude from 10° 4' to 10° 33'. The northern boundary of this county is on the table land between the vallies of Ohio and that of the Patoka branch of Wabash, but the much greater part of the surface slopes southwardly towards the Ohio. The surface is generally hilly, but the soil productive. It is drained by the branches of Big Pigeon, Cypress, and Little Pigeon creeks.

In the post-office list of 1831, there are named under the head of this county, two offices, one at Boonesville, the seat of justice, and the other at Newburgh.

Booneville, or Boonesville, the seat of justice, is situated near the centre of Warrick, 19 miles N.E. by E. from Evansville, on Ohio river, and by post road, 187 miles S. W. from Indianopolis, and 712 miles a little S. of W. from W. C. North latitude 38° 5', and longitude 10° 18' W. DARBY.

WARRINGTON, a large manufacturing town of England in Lancashire, is situated on the north bank of the Mersey, which is crossed by a stone bridge. It consists of four principal streets, some of which are inconveniently narrow, while others are spacious and contain some handsome buildings. The parish church is an ancient structure, containing numerous monuments. There is likewise there a chapel of ease, erected in 1760, a chapel for the suburb across the bridge, and meeting houses for catholics, presbyterians, anabaptists, methodists, and quakers. The free-school is well endowed, and there is an academy principally commercial, and a good charity school for children of both sexes. The chief trade of Warrington consists in the manufacture and sale of sail-cloths, which are composed chiefly of hemp and flax mixed, while another kind is made of flax alone. Some cottons, table-linen, coarse linens and checks are made in the town and its vicinity. The other manufactures of the place are fringes, glass and marble, and there is an iron foundry and a brewery. The flax and hemp for the sail-cloth manufactory is principally brought from Russia to Liverpool. The Mersey admits vessels of from 70 to 80 tons to Bank Quay, a little below the town, where there are warehouses, cranes, &c. The spring tides rise to the height of 9 feet at Warrington bridge. In 1821 the population of the township was 2748 houses, 2929 families, 2637 do. engaged in trade, and the total number of inhabitants 13,570.

WARSAW, the capital of the kingdom of Po. land, is agreeably situated on the left bank of the Vistula, which is here about the size of the Thames at London. Including the suburbs, the town is between three and four miles long, and its breadth between two and three, but in this area are included many gardens. It is divided into the old and new town, and it has four suburbs, one of which, called Praga, is on the right bank of the river. The old town is occupied with one principal street and a few smaller ones, consisting of a number of mise

rably built houses. It contains the town-hall, the church of St. John, and the ci-devant church of the Jesuits. The new town stretches along the banks of the river for nearly three miles. The principal building is the palace of the kings of Saxony, now the residence of the viceroy. The castle of Warsaw is situated near the river, and is a large quadrangular building, in which the diet and senate hold their meetings. The new town contains several churches and other public buildings. The other public buildings not mentioned are the Blue Palace, the Lutheran church, which cost 40,000 ducats, the cathedral of St. John, the theatre, the arsenal, the mint, the great hospital, the barracks, the palace of Krazinsky (the finest public building in Warsaw), the palace of Czartorysky, Lazinsky, Salkowsky, Branichi, Radzivil, Belinsk, Bruhl, &c. the palace of Sigismond II., the bridge over the Vistula, the observatory, and the pyramid in honour of the servant who was killed on the 3d November 1771, in the defence of Stanislaus. In 1794, the suburb of Praga was nearly destroyed by the Russians, but it has been lately rebuilt on a handsome plan.

About the end of 1816 an university was established at Warsaw like those of Germany. The other establishments are a military academy, a college for the sons of the catholic nobility, a lyceum, and schools for surgery and drawing. There is also here a public library, a cabinet of coins and medals, a society for the sciences, and another for natural history and agriculture.

The principal manufactures of Warsaw are woollen fabrics, tobacco, soap, carpets, gold and silver wire, carriages and harness. The trade is greatly. facilitated by the Vistula, which is navigable to a great extent in both directions. In midsummer, when its channel is full, 100 boats or barges laden with corn, spirits and wine, are daily sent down its stream. The promenades of Warsaw are the garden of the Saxon palace; the Favourite, and the gardens of Szewask, Krasinsky, and Poniatowsky, and the Grounds of the Chateau of Ujazow. At the Chateau of Willanow, in the vicinity, is shown the bed in which the great Sobieski died. This chateau was the residence of that sovereign, and is still admired for its fine gardens and statues. The bridge across the Vistula was a floating one 1500 feet long, but is probably now replaced by one of stone. Population 100,000. East Long. 20° 2′ 45′′ and North Lat. 52° 14′ 8′′. See POLAND, BRITAIN, and FRANCE.

WARWICK, county of Virginia, bounded by James City county N. W., York N. and N.E., Elizabeth City county E., and James river S. Length 18 miles, mean breadth 5, and area 90 square miles. Extending in latitude from 37° 3' to 37° 13', and in longitude from 0° 22' to 0° 38′ E. of W. C. It occupies a part of the narrow peninsula between James and York rivers, and slopes southward towards the former. By the post list of 1830, it contained one office at the court house. Population in 1820, 1608, and in 1830, 1570.

DARBY.

WARWICK, a town of England, and the capital of Warwickshire, is situated on a rocky hill, on the banks of the Avon, which is crossed by an elegant stone bridge of one arch. The streets meet near the centre of the town, and are regular and well built. The principal one is remarkably neat, and is intersected by another running nearly north and south. The principal street is terminated by a venerable looking chapel. The court-house or town-hall stands near the centre of the south side of this street, and is a handsome stone building, in which the county assizes, &c. are held. There were formerly six parish churches, but there are now only two, the principal of which is dedicated to St. Mary. It is a noble Gothic edifice, and contains several handsome monuments of the Earls of, Warwick, and one of the unfortunate Earl of Essex. The burying-ground of the Warwick family is a stately chapel adjoining the church. At the west end of the church, which was finished in 1709, is a square tower 130 feet high. The body of the church is 185 feet long, and 66 broad, and the cross aisle 106. The remains of the ancient church still adorn the interior, the choir having escaped the flames which destroyed the old church in 1694. There are here chapels for the presbyterians, methodists, baptists, independents, and quakers. The county-hall is a spacious and elegant building, with a chaste front. The markethouse is a substantial stone building with piazzas. The county jail, close to the county-hall, is every way suited for its object, both in its external aspect and interior accommodation. The bridewell is likewise well and judiciously constructed. One of the principal ornaments of the town is Warwick castle, which is situated on a solid rock, on the north bank of the Avon, and nearly 100 feet above its bed. The entrance to the castle is by a winding path cut through the solid rock, and the observer is delighted with a successive display of lofty and massive towers breaking upon his view. On the left hand is Cæsar's tower, and on the right Gay's tower, which is above 100 feet high. The moat is crossed by a stone bridge, and the entrance is through double towers. The inhabited suite of apartments extends 330 feet in length, and they are finished with much taste, and adorned with many choice paintings. The face of the building to the river is irregular, but has a grand effect rising above the wall and rock on which it rests.

The principal manufactures of Warwick consist and the trade of the place is greatly facilitated by in cotton spinning, wool spinning, and malt making, the Warwick and Birmingham canal. Warwick sends two members to parliament. In September 1697, Warwick was nearly destroyed by fire, but by means of £11,000 granted by parliament, and £1000 by Queen Anne, it was handsomely rebuilt.

inhabited houses, 1760 families, 1026 do. in trade, The population of the burgh in 1821 was 4523 and the total population 8235.

WARWICKSHIRE, one of the inland counties of England, extends about 48 miles from N. to S., and is about 32 miles broad. Its area is 902

square miles, or 577,280 statute acres. The rent of land is £645,137, beside the amount of tithe, which is £26, 122. The annual value of a square mile is £299. The county is divided into four hundreds, exclusive of the city of Coventry, which, with its liberties, occupies 18,000 acres.

The greater part of Warwickshire is that of a level district, with few and gentle undulations. Hence it is well enclosed, and exhibits but little waste land. The pasture land is calculated at 300,000 acres, 100,000 of which is cut for hay. The soil is various, and suited to different systems of agriculture. The usual crops are wheat and barley, oats, peas, beans, and tares. Turnips are extensively and skilfully cultivated. Rye, potatoes, and flax, are also raised. Various kinds of stock are reared on the pasture lands, but the longhorned cow is the most common breed. The ancient Warwickshire sheep of the large polled kind have been judiciously crossed with the Leicester breed, and an admirable variety has been the result. The most elevated points of land in this county are at Corley, and in the neighbourhood of Packington. From this ridge the streams run into the Avon on one side, and thence into the Bristol Channel. On the other side they flow into the Blythe, Tame, Trent, and Humber. The principal streams are the Avon, the Tame, the Leam, the Stour, the Rea, the Arrow, the Anker, the Alne, the Swift, the Blythe, the Dove, and the Cole. The Avon alone is navigable for barges from Stratford to its junction with the Severn.

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The principal minerals in Warwickshire are coal, limestone, ironstone, freestone, blue flagstone, marl, and blue clay. The best coal, which is a seam three or four feet thick, is at Bedworth, an ironstone vein was previously wrought near Oldbury. The chief medicinal springs are those of Leamington Priors, and Newenham Regis. The former contains neutral and sulphureous salts, with carbonate of iron, and are much resorted to for visceral obstructions, and cuticular affections. The latter are a weak chalybeate, and are in less request than they once were.

Warwickshire is celebrated for its manufactures. Those of Birmingham, Warwick, and Coventry, have already been described under these articles, and in our article ENGLAND. Calico-printing is carried on extensively at Tamworth. Horn-combs of all kinds are made at Kenilworth. At Alcester about 900 persons are employed in making needles, and in other parts of the county there are considerable manufactories for flax, and a great deal of linen yarn spun.

The trade of this county is greatly facilitated by the following canals: the Grand Junction, the Birmingham Old Canal, the Birmingham and Fazeley, the Warwick and Birmingham, the Worcester and Birmingham, the Coventry, the Warwick and Napton, the Stratford, and the Ashby-de-la-Zouch Canal, all of which are fully described in our article NAVIGATION, Inland.

Among the antiquities of this county may be enumerated the Roman Roads of Walling Street, which divides the county from Leicestershire, the Fossnay, which is supposed to have been formed in

the third consulship of Hadrian, the Icknield or Ryknild Street, and the minor road of Ridgeway, which borders on Warwickshire. The Roman stations in and near the county are Alcester and Tripontium at Lilburn. The principal Roman camps are on the Foss-way, and on the Avon, where Ostorius constructed a chain of minor fortifications. Roman tumuli and coins are common. Among the more modern antiquities may be enumerated Kenilworth Castle, now in a dilapidated condition; Maxtoke Castle, a huge pile of building; the Cistertian Convent of Comb Abbey; the schoolhouse at Rugby, and the house at Stratford which gave birth to Shakspeare.

The principal towns of the county, with their population in 1821, are

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WASHINGTON, GEORGE, was born in the year 1732, on the 22d of February; as every American learns from the annual jubilee of his country's gratitude. A plantation called Wakefield, in Westmoreland county, Virginia, was the place rendered illustrious by his nativity. The mansion house was then situated on Pope's creek, about half a mile from the Potomac; but it has since fallen into ruins, and there is no trace of its former existence but in the records of him whose memory can never die.

The family of the subject of this memoir traces its descent from John Washington, who emigrated from England and settled upon the estate of Wakefield in the year 1657. His grandson, Augustine, was twice married. By his first union he had two sons, Lawrence and Augustine; by his second intermarriage with Miss Mary Ball, he left five children, the eldest of whom was George Washington, whose life and career will be briefly sketched in the present article.

The care and education of Washington devolved upon a fond and intelligent mother, in consequence of the death of his other parent while he was yet in early childhood. His studies were directed to objects of strict and substantial utility, according to

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