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--Congress shall make no law respecting an estab-
lishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise
thereof. U. S., 18.

-That religion, or the duty which we owe to our
Creator, and the manner of discharging it, can be
directed only by reason and conviction, not by force
are equally
or violence; and, therefore, all men
entitled to the free exercise of religion, according to
the dictates of conscience; and that it is the mutual
duty of all to practice Christian forbearance, love and
charity towards each other. Va., 532.

-That no person within this State shall, upon any
pretense whatever, be deprived of the inestimable
privilege of worshipping God in the manner most
agreeable to his own conscience; nor be hurt,
molested or restrained in his religious profession,
sentiments or persuasions, provided he does not dis-
turb others in their religious worship. Ala., 72.

ever,

-That all men have a natural and indefeasible right
to worship Almighty God according to the dictates
of their own consciences; and no man can, of right,
be compelled to attend, erect or support any place of
worship, or to maintain any ministry against his con-
sent; that no human authority can, in any case what-
interfere with the rights of conscience; and
that no preference shall ever be given to any religious
establishment or mode of worship. Ark., 84; Ill.,
165; Tenn., 490; Pa., 467: Tex., 506; Mo., 346.
-But nothing herein shall be construed to dispense
with oaths and affirmations. Religion, morality and
knowledge, however, being essential to good govern-
ment, it shall be the duty of the General Assembly
to pass suitable laws to protect every religious deno-
mination in the peaceable enjoyment of its own mode
of public worship, and to encourage schools and the
Ohio, 432; Neb., 371.
means of instruction.

citizen shall in no wise account of his religion. -The right to worshi tates of conscience sh shall any person be co any form of worship; interference with, the mitted; nor any prefer religious test or pro religious establishment required for any office vote at any election; n petent to testify on acc 187.

-And whereas, the m their profession, dedic the cure of souls, and the great duties of minister of the gospel whatsoever, shall at pretense or descriptio capable of holding, an within this State. N --Therefore no minist denomination whatev either House of the L provision), La., 229;

-No licensed ministe to perform military d juries in this State. -No sectarian instru erated in any school lished under this Con -Therefore no min preacher of any relig tinues in the exercis be eligible to the Governor, or to a Representatives. S -The Legislature civil or political rig any person on acco cerning matters of -No man shall be any religious worsh nor shall any man or burdened in h suffer, on account o shall be free to pro their opinions in shall in no wise aff capacities. And t any religious test privileges or adva tion; or pass any religious society, o this State, to levy for the erection worship, or for ministry; but it s select his religiou

-That no religion shall be established by law; that
no preference shall be given by law to any religious
sect, society, denomination, or mode of worship, that
no one shall be compelled by law to attend any place
of worship, nor to pay any tithes, taxes, or other
rate, for building or repairing any place of worship,
or for maintaining any minister or ministry; that no
religious test shall be required as a qualification to
any office or public trust under this State; and that
the civil rights, privileges and capacities of any citi-
zen shall not be in any manner affected by his reli-
gious principles. Ala., 72.

That no other test or qualification ought to be
required on admission to any office of trust or profit
than such oath of allegiance and fidelity to this State
and the United States as may be prescribed by this
Constitution, and such oath of office and qualification
as may be prescribed by this Constitution, or by the

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-No contract of marriage, if otherwise duly made, shall be invalidated for want of conformity to the of requirements of any religious sect. Cal., 104. d It being the duty of all men to worship the Supreme Being, the Great Creator and Preserver of the universe, and their right to render that worship in the mode most consistent with the dictates of their it conscience, no person shall by law be compelled to 's join or support, or be classed with or associated to any congregation, church, or religious association. ), But every person now belonging to such congregait tion, church, or religious association, shall remain a member thereof until he shall have separated himself therefrom in the manner hereinafter provided. And each and every society or denomination of Christians 3. in this State shall have and enjoy the same and equal powers, rights and privileges, and shall have power is and authority to support and maintain the ministers or teachers of their respective denominations, and to build and repair houses for public worship by a tax on the members of any such society only, to be laid by a major vote of the legal voters assembled at any society meeting, warned and held according to law, or in any other manner. Ct., 112.

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--If any person shall choose to separate himself from the society or denomination of Christians to which he may belong, and shall leave a written notice thereof O with the clerk of such society, he shall thereupon be of no longer liable for any future expenses which may be incurred by said society. Ct., 112.

7.

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-That all men have a natural and inalienable right

to be vest

that shall in any

ner control the exercise of relig

be given by law
tion or modes of
-The General A

ing an establishm
free exercise there
pelled to attend a
taxes, or other rates
of worship, or the
ministry. Iowa, 1)
-No religious test sh

to any office, or pub..
116; IL, 165; Ind., 1
432; N. J., 912; Ne
Wis., 560.

-That every gift, sale
ister, public teacher or
such, or to any religious
support

or to or for the
for any minister, pable
Gospel, as such, or any r
ination, and every gift or
go in succession, or to ta
the seller or donor. to
benefit; and also, every
to or for the support, use
public teacher or preache
any religious sect, order
the prior or subsequent s
shall be void; except alw
devise of any quantity of la
for a church, meeeting-hou
ship, or parsonage, or for
shall be improved, enjoyed
pose, or such sale, gift, leas
Md., 255.

-That every gift, sale, or
minister, public teacher, or
as such, or to any religious
tion; or to, or for the sup
in trust for, any minister, p
of the Gospel,
denomination; and every
as such, or a
chattels to go in succession,
death of the seller or dono

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the

opinions, or Ind., 170;

tiously scrulled thereto, 399; (nearly Ind., 180;

ing citizens of religion osed to the and general

e being of nishments, nts, be dis

st or profit

God, or the authority shall hold

reedom or ding any I depart

God shall

is State, Irk, 93;

God, or a all hold

State. made.

to the

p the

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orship their

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in a self And ans

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to

or to the maintenance of any
own free will and consent, and no power shall or
ought to be vested in or assumed by any magistrate,
that shall in any case interfere with, or in any man-
ner control the rights of conscience, in the free
exercise of religious worship: nor shall a preference
be given by law to any religious societies, denomina-
tion or modes of worship. Del., 116.

-The General Assembly shall make no law respect-
ing an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the
free exercise thereof; nor shall any person be com-
pelled to attend any place of worship, pay tithes,
taxes, or other rates for building or repairing places
of worship, or the maintenance of any minister or
ministry. Iowa, 183.

-No religious test shall be required as a qualification
to any office, or public trust, under this State. Del.,
116; Ill., 165; Ind., 170; Iowa, 183; Or., 447; Ohio,
432; N. J., 912; Neb., 371; Tex., 505; Tenn., 490;
Wis., 560.

-That every gift, sale or devise of land, to any min-
ister, public teacher or preacher of the Gospel, as
such, or to any religious sect, order or denomination,
or to or for the support, use or benefit of, or in trust
for any minister, public teacher, or preacher of the
Gospel, as such, or any religious sect, order or denom-
ination, and every gift or sale of goods or chattels to
go in succession, or to take place after the death of
the seller or donor, to or for such support, use or
benefit; and also, every devise of goods or chattels,
to or for the support, use or benefit of any minister,
public teacher or preacher of the Gospel, as such; or
any religious sect, order or denomination, without
the prior or subsequent sanction of the Legislature,
shall be void; except always any sale, gift, lease or
devise of any quantity of land not exceeding five acres,
for a church, meeeting-house or other house of wor-
ship, or parsonage, or for a burying-ground, which
shall be improved, enjoyed or used only for such pur-
pose, or such sale, gift, lease or devise shall be void.
Md., 255.

-That every gift, sale, or devise of any land to any
minister, public teacher, or preacher of the Gospel,
as such, or to any religious sect, order or denomina-
tion; or to, or for the support, use or benefit of, or
in trust for, any minister, public teacher or preacher
of the Gospel, as such, or any religious sect, order or
denomination; and every gift or sale of goods or
chattels to go in succession, or to take place after the
death of the seller or donor, to or for the support,
use or benefit; and also every devise of goods or
chattels, to or for the support, use or benefit of any
minister, public teacher or preacher of the Gospel, as
such, or any religious sect, order or denomination,
shall be void; except any gift, sale or devise of land
to a church, religious society or congregation, or to
any person or persons in trust, for the use of a church,
religious society or congregation, whether incorpo-
rated or not, for the uses and purposes, and within
the limitations of the next preceding clause of this
article. Mo., 347.

- No money shall be appropriated or drawn from
the treasury for the benefit of any religious sect or
3

in the exercise of the
Del., 125.

-That no person shall
or attend any place of
ister of the Gospel or t
ever contracts any pers
object ought, in law, t
enforcement, as other o
-No money shall be d
benefit of any religio
Ind., 170; Or., 447.
-The Legislature may
a chaplain for the Stat
money shall be app
0
of any religious servic
islative Assembly.
-If any person shall
scruples against takin
form, the said oath
affirmation, and be ma

350.

-The mode of admir shall be such as may binding upon the con such oath or affirmati 170; Or., 447.

That the manner affirmation to any p of the religious pers tion of which he is most effectual confi the Divine Being.

-The manner of ad tion shall be such as science of the depon General Assembly Ky., 220.

-No person, whil functions of a clerg religious persuasion holds or exercises a

monwealth, or und States, shall be el except attorneys-a militia officers: P Commonwealth, wh shall be ineligible. -No person shall privileges, or capac formance of any o rendered incompet of law or equity, the subject of relig proceeding shall h or take testimony on account of inte fact material to th witnesses, as prov -That, as it is God in such mani him, all persons a their religious lib

gelical principles, will give the best and greatest security to government, and will lay in the hearts of men the strongest obligations to due subjection; and as T a knowledge of these is most likely to be propagated s through a society by the institution of the public worship of the Deity, and of public instruction in f morality and religion; therefore, to promote those 1 important purposes, the people of this State have a right to empower, and do hereby fully empower the Legislature to authorize, from time to time, the several towns, parishes, bodies corporate, or religious societies within this State, to make adequate provisions, at their own expense, for the support and maintenance of public Protestant teachers of piety, religion, and morality. N. H., 399.

-The rights, privileges, immunities and estates of both civil and religious societies and of corporate bodies, shall remain as if the Constitution of this State had not been altered or amended. S. C., 488. -No religious test or amount of property shall ever be required as a qualification for any office of public trust under the State. No religious test or amount of property shall ever be required as a qualification of any voter at any election in this State; nor shall any person be rendered incompetent to give evidence in any court of law or equity in consequence of his f opinion upon the subject of religion. Minn., 320.

-That all men have a natural and inalienable right to f worship Almighty God according to the dictates of > their own consciences and understandings, as in their opinion shall be regulated by the word of God; and that no man ought to, or of right can be compelled to attend any religious worship, or erect or support L any place of worship, or maintain any ministry, contrary to the dictates of his conscience; nor can any man be justly deprived or abridged of any civil right as a citizen on account of his religious sentiments or peculiar mode of religious worship; and that no authority can, or ought to be vested in or assumed by any power whatever, that shall in any case interfere with or in any manner control the rights of conscience in the free exercise of religious worship; › nevertheless, every sect or denomination of Christians ought to observe the Sabbath or Lord's day, and keep up some sort of religious worship which to them shall seem most agreeable to the revealed will of God. Vt. 521.

-But the liberty of conscience hereby secured shall > not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness, nor to justify practices inconsistent with the good order, peace, or safety of the State, or with the rights of others. Mo. 346; S. C., 488.

-Every individual has a natural and unalienable right 3 to worship God according to the dictates of his own conscience and reason; and no subject shall be hurt, molested or restrained in his person, liberty or estate, for worshipping God in the manner and season most agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience, or of his religious profession, sentiments, or persuasion :

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-And nothing any former co ministry; but a

in the same stat made. N. H., -No person si privilege of wors agreeable to the under any pretens any place of wors ment; nor shall a:. taxes, or other rate church or churches

for the maintenance contrary to what he deliberately and voi N. J., 412.

-Whereas, Almighty free, and all attempts punishment; or burde tend to beget habits and, whereas, a princip ancestors in their migrat settlement of this State, hold forth a lively exp civil State may stand an full liberty in religious e declare that no man shall to support any religious whatever, except in fulti contract; nor enforced, r dened in his body or go holding any office; nor o of his religious belief; and free to worship God accord own conscience, and to pr maintain, his opinion in ma the same shall in no wise d his civil capacity. R. L., 47 -In order effectually to political freedom established tors, and to preserve the sa do declare that the essent rights and principles herein established, maintained, be of paramount obligation and executive proceedings. -No charter of incorporation church or religious denominat made by general laws for sec property, so that it shall be purpose intended. W. Va.,

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-The General Assembly shall incorporation to any church tion, but may secure the title an extent to be limited by law -No person shall be render witness or juror in conseque matters of religion, nor be q of justice touching his religio weight of his testimony. O

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another shall ever be established by law.

-And nothing herein shall be understood to affect
any former contracts made for the support of the
ministry; but all such contracts shall remain and be
in the same state as if this Constitution had not been
made. N. H., 399.

-No person shall be deprived of the inestimable
privilege of worshipping Almighty God in a manner
agreeable to the dictates of his own conscience; nor
under any pretense whatever be compelled to attend
any place of worship contrary to his faith and judg-
ment; nor shall any person be obliged to pay tithes,
taxes, or other rates for building or repairing any
church or churches, place or places of worship, or
for the maintenance of any minister or ministry,
contrary to what he believes to be right, or has
deliberately and voluntarily engaged to perform.
N. J., 412.

-Whereas, Almighty God hath created the mind
free, and all attempts to influence it by temporal
punishment; or burdens, or by civil incapacitations,
tend to beget habits of hypocrisy and meanness;
and, whereas, a principal object of our venerated
ancestors in their migration to this country and their
settlement of this State, was, as they expressed it, to
hold forth a lively experiment that a flourishing
civil State may stand and be best maintained with
full liberty in religious concernments; we, therefore
declare that no man shall be compelled to frequent or
to support any religious worship, place or ministry
whatever, except in fulfillment of his own voluntary
contract; nor enforced, restrained, molested or bur-
dened in his body or goods; nor disqualified from
holding any office; nor otherwise suffer on account
of his religious belief; and that every man shall be
free to worship God according to the dictates of his
own conscience, and to profess, and by argument to
maintain, his opinion in matters of religion; and that
the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge, or affect
his civil capacity. R. I., 473.

-In order effectually to secure the religious and
political freedom established by our venerated ances-
tors, and to preserve the same for our posterity, we
do declare that the essential and unquestionable
rights and principles hereinafter mentioned shall be
established, maintained, and preserved, and shall
be of paramount obligation in all legislative, judicial,
and executive proceedings. R. I., 472.

-No charter of incorporation shall be granted to any
church or religious denomination. Provision may be
made by general laws for securing the title to church
property, so that it shall be held and used for the
purpose intended. W. Va., 557.

-The General Assembly shall not grant a charter of
incorporation to any church or religious denomina-
tion, but may secure the title to church property to
an extent to be limited by law. Va., 518.

-No person shall be rendered incompetent as a
witness or juror in consequence of his opinions on
matters of religion, nor be questioned in any court
of justice touching his religious belief to affect the
weight of his testimony. Or., 447.

URES AND SE

-The writ of habeas pended. It shall be the General Assembl it a speedy and effec therefor. Vt., 529, -Retrospective laws and unjust. No such either for the decisio ment of offenses. A

The writ of habea or refused when app law, unless in case of lic safety may requir -The privilege and corpus shall be enjo the most free, easy manner; and shall n ture, except upon occasions, and for twelve months. Ma -No bill of attaind passed. U. S., 13; Me., 240; Min., 320 335; Va., 537, nor for purposes of p compensation previc

That no ex post obligations of contra 73; Ark., 84; Cal., Iowa, 184; Ky., 224; I., 473; Tenn., 491; Mo., 348; Nev., 380 547; Wis., 560.

That retrospective before the existence declared penal or cri incompatible with lib law shall ever be ma 254; Tenn., 497. -Ex post facto laws of contracts, and reti any right of the citiz -Laws made to pur existence of such 1 declared crimes by p sive and inconsistent of a free governmen -Writs of error sha

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