3, e e defense. Ark., 85; Mo., 346; Tenn., 492. --The people shall have a right to bear arms for the defense of themselves and the State. Ct., 108; Ind., 171; (of lawful authority of the State), Mo., 346; Miss., 335; Mich., 314; N. C., 422; Tex., 506; Vt., 522. -The people have the right to bear arms for their 1- defense and security; but standing armies, in time of !, peace, are dangerous to liberty, and shall not be tolerated, and the military shall be in strict subordination to the civil power. Kan., 197; N. C., 422; Or., 448; Ohio, 432. g That no soldier shall, in time of peace, be quar1- tered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner prescribed by law. U. S., 18; Ala., 74; Ark., 85; Cal., 96; Ct., 108; Del., 117; Fl., 130; IU., 166; Ind., 171; Iowa, 184; Kan. 197; Ky., 224; Me., 240; Md., 255; Mass., 282; Mich., 314; Miss., 335; Nev., 380; N. H., 400; N. J., 412; Ohio, 433; Or., 448; Pa., 465; R. I., 474; Tenn. 492; Tex., 517. [By a civil magistrate]. Del.. 117; N. H., 399. d e >t d 7, y "1 is -That no citizen of this State shall be compelled to bear arms, provided he will pay an equivalent, to be ascertained by law. Tenn., 492. -That the military is, and in all cases and at all Il times, ought to be, in strict subordination to the civil power; that no soldier can, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner; nor in time of war, but in such manner as may be prescribed by law; nor can any appropriation for the support of an army be made for a longer period than two years. Mo., 348. 6, a e --No standing army shall be kept up by this State in time of peace. Cal., 96; Del., 111; Fl., 130; Iowa, 184; Ky., 224; Me., 240. That standing armies are dangerous to liberty, and of ought not to be raised or kept up without the consent of the Legislature. Md., 255; N. H., 400; Pa., 468; e d Miss., 335; Va., 533; Nev., 380; Vt., 522. -A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the Ga, 142; --That a well-regulated militia is the proper and natural defense of a free government. Md., 255; N. H., 400. That the sure and certain defense of a free people is a well-regulated militia; and, as standing armies in time of peace are dangerous to freedom, they ought to be avoided, and as the circumstances and safety of the community will admit; and that in all cases the military shall be kept in strict subordination to the civil authority. Tenn., 491. SLAVERY-RIGHTS OF COLORED PERSONS. -Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the erty; or be are laid Mo., 340 any offense, than -It shall be the duty o -Be it ordained, that on 4 vented from acquiring, property; or be liable to any other punishment for --All contracts made with any negro or mulatto --Nor shall any male person arrived at the age of -The marriage relation between white persons and -It shall be the duty of the General Assembly, at -Be it ordained, that on and after the ratification of -Africans and their descendants shall be protected 4 judges of this State any person so detained The General Assembl any appropriation to claimants of slaves em the adoption of this Co --The General Assem make compensation for -The General Assem under the amended Co will effectually prohib immigrating to and set ually prevent the ow them into this State fo free. Ill., 169. --No negro or mulatto the State after the a Ind., 180. -All fines which maj the provisions of this hereafter be passed for same into execution, s ated for the colonizatio and their descendants, adoption of this Con to emigrate. Ind., 18 --All the inhabitants tion of color, are free, person and property Fl., 140. ---Persons emancipat apprenticed except in -Courts of compet minors of African des by law for apprentici --Nothing in this General Assembly fr to the apprenticeship as may be necessary TREASON.-ATT. Treason against th ing war against it, a them aid and comfo be convicted of trea witnesses to the san court. U. S., 16; 113; Del., 121; FI 197; Ky., 219; La. 342; Minn., 319; A Or., 448; Tex., 51 Treason shall be ter of the acts com more of the penal or confiscation of t the offender, as Va., 547. -No person shall by the Legislature Mo., 348; Pa., 46 under military law, except such as are employed in ony the army or navy, or in the militia when in actual service, in time of war, or public danger. Me., 240; out Tenn., 491. the -All punishments ought to be proportioned to the offense. Or., 448; R. I., 473. ate no -No wise Legislature will affix the same punishment to the crimes of theft, forgery, and the like, which eit- they do to those of murder and treason. Where the same undistinguishing severity is exerted against all od, offenses, the people are led to forget the real distinction in the crimes themselves, and to commit the nly most flagrant with as little compunction as they do the lightest offenses. For the same reason a multitude of sanguinary laws is both impolitic and unjust; the true design of all punishments being to reform, not to exterminate mankind. N. H., 400. any ood ate. 66; 48; -All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses, when the proof is evison dent, but this provision shall not be so construed as any to prohibit bail after indictment found, upon an examination of the evidence by a Judge of the the Supreme or District Court, upon the return of a writ of habeas corpus, returnable in the county where the -ept offense is committed; [or to such other counties as the same may by consent of parties be made returnable]. Tex., 506. son 29; Can., 37; Vis., 68; Tex., -All prisoners shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses, when the proof is positive or the presumption great; [Mo., 347; Miss., 335; Nev., 379; N. C, 426; Or., 447]; and when persons are confined on accusation for such offenses, their friends and counsel may at proper seasons have access to them. Del., 117. -All prisoners shall, before conviction, be bailable, by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses, where the proof is evident, or the presumption great; and the privileges of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in case of rebellion or ent invasion, the public safety may require it, nor in any case but by the Legislature. Ct., 108; substantially roof rk., similar, Fl., 129; Me., 240; R. Í. 473. R Ky., -All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, unless for capital offenses, where the proof is evident or presumption great; or, unless after conviction for nd., any offense or crime punishable with death or imprisonment at hard labor. La., 233. )or rm, ---No person, before conviction, shall be bailable for any of the crimes which now are or have been denominated ples capital offenses since the adoption of the Constitution, nd., when the proof is evident or the presumption great, whatever the punishment of the crime may be. Me.,252. -No person can in any case be subjected to lawent martial, or to any penalties or pains, by virtue of that ent law, except those employed in the army or navy, [Vt., ail- 522; N. H., 401], and except the militia in actual service, but by authority of the Legislature. Mass., 282. >m IMPRISON No person shall be -In any action, or in a -Except in cases of fra -That the person of a d That the person of a del That the person of a deb -No person shall be imprisone 9 offense; nor shall he be compelled in any criminal ca -No person arrested or confined in jail shall be -That no person, except regular soldiers, mariners, IMPRISONMENT FOR DEBT. No person shall be imprisoned for debt [Tex., 506] -That imprisonment for debt cannot exist in this --No person shall be imprisoned for debt. Md., 246. -In any action, or in any judgment founded upon -Except in cases of fraud or absconding debtors. -That the person of a debtor, when there is not That the person of a debtor, where there is not That the person of a debtor, where there is not strong persumption of fraud, shall not be continued in prison after delivering up his estate for the benefit of his creditors in such manner as shall be prescribed by law. Pa., 468; R. I., 473; Vt., 526. Shall not be continued in prison after delivering up -No person shall be imprisoned for debt arising out -Except in cases of fraud or breach of trust, or of sional employment. for a militia fine in -The privilege of t comforts of life sh laws, exempting a from seizure or sale, liability hereafter co -The privilege of comforts of life sh laws, exempting a from seizure or sale bilities hereafter co imprisonment for de or slander, and no militia fine in time No person shall State, but this State from providing for persons charged wit A reasonable amou from seizure or sale, liability; the amou determined by law The person of a prison, after deliver of all his estate, n from levy and sale. -No person shall b refusal to deliver up creditors, in such law, or in cases who fraud. Ill., 166. -The privilege of t comforts of life, sha laws, exempting a from seizure or sale liability hereafter.c imprisonment for Ind., 170. (1) [Actual.] N (2) In every tria the party accused civil actions. N. Y (3) Ind., 170; K (1821), 42; Ala., 73 Me., 240; Tenn., 491 16; Ky., 223. (4) This section above noted. Also (5) Ind, 170; K W. Va., 547; Or., any denial, and speedily without delay, according to the law of the land. Md., 254. -Every subject of the Commonwealth ought to find a certain remedy, by having recourse to the laws, for all injuries or wrongs which he may receive in his person, property or character. He ought to obtain right and justice freely, and without being obliged to purchase it; completely, and without any denial; promptly, and without delay, conformably to the laws. Mass., 281. -No person shall be debarred from prosecuting or defending any civil cause for or against him or herself before any tribunal in this State, by him or herself, or counsel or both. Miss., 335. -No subject shall be held to answer for any crime or offense until the same is fully and plainly, substantially and formally described to him; or be compelled to accuse or furnish evidence against himself. And every subject shall have a right to produce all proofs that may be favorable to himself; to meet the witnesses against him face to face, and to be fully heard in his defense by himself and counsel. And no subject shall be arrested, imprisoned, despoiled or deprived of his property, immunities or privileges, put out of the protection of the law, exiled, or deprived of his life, liberty, or estate, but by the judgment of his peers, or the law of the land. N. H., 399. -No man in a court of common law, shall be compelled to give evidence criminating himself. R. I., 473. -That no freeman shall be taken, imprisoned, or disseized of his freehold, liberties or privileges, or outlawed or exiled, or in any manner destroyed or deprived of his life, liberty or property, but by the law of the land. Fl., 129. --That no man shall be put to answer any criminal charge, but by presentment, indictment or impeachment, except as hereinafter provided. Ark., 84. -No person shall be arrested, detained or punished, except in cases clearly warranted by law. Ct., 107. ---In ali criminal prosecutions the accused shall have a right to be heard by himself and by counsel [or both. Fl.]; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted by the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process to obtain witnesses in his favor; and in all prosecutions by indictment or information [or presentment. Fl.], a speedy public trial by an impartial jury [of the county or district where the offense was committed. FI.] He shall not be compelled to give evidence against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty or property but by due course of law. And no person shall be holden to answer for any crime the punishment of which may be death or imprisonment for life, unless on a presentment or an indictment of a grand jury, except in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service, in time of war, or public danger. 107; (substantially similar), U. S., 19; Me., 239; Ohio, 432; Ark., 84; Del., 116; Ill., 166; Kan., 197; Iowa, Ct., 412; N. C., 4 Tenn., 491; Tea -All courts sh injury done hi Me., 230 tion, shall have right and justice delay. Ct., 108 315; Mo., 347; ---That in all crim -Every person charged -And the Legislature shall not shall subject any person to a capi ishment, excepting for the gover and navy, without trial by jury. -In the trial of all criminal cases the judges of law as well as 5 |