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session. In September, 1904, Mr. H. C. Penn, Assistant Professor in English, resigned his position to accept a professorship at Washington University. Owing to the lateness of the season, it was impossible to fill his place permanently for the present session. Therefore Dr. A. H. R. Fairchild was appointed Instructor for one year. Mr. A. G. Reed was appointed last summer Instructor in English. The immense enrollment in this important subject has necessitated the continued employment of Mr. L. R. Whipple as Assistant, and Miss Lula Belle Wooldridge, one of our graduates, in the same capacity. Miss Wooldridge takes the place of Mr. A. S. Neilson, who resigned his position last summer. In Economics Mr. H. W. Quaintance has been appointed Instructor to take charge of special investigations in several economic problems in Missouri, as outlined by the Carnegie Institution at Washington. A part of his salary is paid with money received from that Institution. Mr. J. S. Summers resigned his position as Instructor in Physics last summer. Dr. H. M. Reese was elected in his place with the title of Instructor. Mr. A. A. Maxwell is acting as Student Assistant in this subject during the current session. Dr. W. C. Curtis, who has been Instructor in Zoology for several years, was promoted to the rank of Assistant Professor last spring. For the current session Messrs. Walter Arthur, T. D. Woodson, and H. E. Bradley are Student Assistants in this work. Mr. Otto Veatch was appointed Assistant in Geology during the fall of 1904. In Botany Miss Ruby Fitch was appointed Assistant for the current session.

Professor Clark W. Hetherington, Director of Physical Culture, has been given a furlough during the present year, which he is spending abroad in study. His substitute is Mr. C. B. Davis, who for several years has been Graduate Manager of Athletics. Mr. Davis's place has been filled by the election of Mr. R. B. Caldwell, who graduated from the University in 1903.

For several years the Young Men's Christian Association of the University has had a General Secretary who has given his entire time to work in its interest. During the fall of 1904 Miss Nellie Wetzel was appointed to perform a similar function for the Young Women's Christian Association. This is distinctly a step forward in the progress of this organization which is doing much for the young women of the University.

Mr. H. W. Prentiss, Jr., resigned his position as Secretary to the President and Alumni Recorder on February, 1905. Mr. L. E. Bates has been appointed in his place.

During the past year Mr. Fred Kelsey has acted as Publisher of the University, giving a portion of his time to the important work of advertising the University through the press of the State, and otherwise.

Mrs. Julia A. Watkins, Matron of the University Dormitories for men, resigned her position in September, 1904. Under her management

these dormitories had been better administered than ever before in the history of the University. After a diligent search for a satisfactory woman Mrs. M. D. Williams was appointed to hold office until June, 1905.

A number of Student Assistants, on salaries varying from $100 to $150, have been appointed, because from lack of money it has not been possible to get better help. These Student Assistants are working faithfully, but we regret that the University is not able in all cases to employ persons of greater attainments and larger experience in teaching. However, the number of such Assistants is smaller now than it has been. Very few of the Student Assistants teach at all, and we hope next year to eliminate them altogether from the roll of teachers. A number of students at small salaries are serving as Assistants in the Various Libraries.

AT THE SCHOOL OF MINES: Owing to the difficulty of obtaining a satisfactory man for the place, the Professorship of Metallurgy was not filled for some time. During the scholastic year of 1903-4 we were fortunate in obtaining the services of Dr. Heinrich O. Hofman of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as Special Lecturer in this subject. In the fall of 1904, Mr. Wm. W. Garrett was elected Professor of Metallurgy. Mr. Arthur Watson Conner was given the position of Instructor in Civil Engineering at the same time. Mr. George W. Harris and Mr. II. A. Roesler have resigned their positions as Assistants in the Chemical Laboratory. Mr. B. T. Snyder is Assistant in this laboratory during the current session. Messrs. W. E. Sheldon, R. A. Barton, and C. L. Lintecum have been elected Student Assistants in Surveying for the current session, taking the places of Messrs. C. A. Minor, J. J. Brown, and C. M. Hummel, resigned. Mr. C. C. Baker has been elected Student Assistant in Shopwork for the present scholastic year.

THE FACULTY.

In administering the affairs of the University one thing challenges the most serious consideration. Changes in the Faculty should never take place except for undoubtedly good reasons. Changes are often inevitable because of our inability to retain in the service of the University the best qualified teachers. Other more favored institutions, with ample resources at command, take from us our experienced, thoroughly trained men. The loss thus sustained in late years has been incalculable. The retention of valuable men is all-important. Enlarged resources should be placed at the command of the Board, enabling us to compete with any institution in the country in securing and retaining the best talent for our University. This

view has special reference to the salaries of head professors. A great State like Missouri can not afford to cripple the work of its University or lessen the opportunity of the youth of the commonwealth. Only by supplying in the Faculty teachers of the best ability can we attract the young men of Missouri to the University and prevent them from leaving home to find higher advantages.

The salaries paid in our University are low. The stronger Universities all pay larger salaries. If we are to retain our best Professors it is necessary that they should receive somewhat larger salaries. It is idle to say that good men are easy to get. Experience shows that it is very hard to get thoroughly good men. Every time that a good Professor leaves we incur an immense risk of getting a weak man in his place. It is wise policy when we have secured a thoroughly good Professor to hold him if a few hundred dollars more of salary will do it.

The Faculties at Columbia and at Rolla are more harmonious than they have ever been in the history of the University. Teachers and officers are working cordially together for the advancement of the Institution.

THE STUDENTS.

The thing that has pleased the friends of the University most during the past year has been the remarkable growth of college spirit among the students. We have been surprised at the evidences of unselfish interest in the good of the University which the students have been manifesting on many occasions and in a variety of ways. They have had the interest of their Alma Mater at heart and have shown themselves willing to sacrifice their own personal interests for the good of the Institution. Among the many factors which have contributed largely to this growth of college spirit may be mentioned the Young Men's Christian Association and Athletics. The conduct of the students during the current session, both at Columbia and at Rolla, has been satisfactory.

Enrollment. The enrollment in all departments of the University, deducting those twice counted, during the session 1903-4 was 1,649. This was by far the largest enrollment of students in the regular session that the University had ever had in its history. Notwithstanding the fact that the attendance upon the summer session in 1904 fell off somewhat for reasons that will be explained later, the enrollment in all departments of the University thus far in the session of 1904-5, deducting names twice counted, is 1,861. Students enter regularly at the opening of the second semester on 1 February of each year. It is confidently expected that the enrollment for the entire session will be not less than 1,900, and that next session there will be in the whole University not less than 2,150 students.

During the last scholastic year our students came from fifty-three states, territories, and foreign countries. Among the foreign countries referred to are Japan, Mexico, Porto Rico, Cuba, Egypt, China, Canada, Australia, Argentine Republic, and Trinidad. During the current scholastic year about a dozen Egyptian students have been enrolled, being attracted here by the letters of a student from that country who was with us last year. The United States Government has placed six men from the Philippines in our Medical Department this year. This step was decided upon by the Government Agent after investigating the Medical Schools of a large number of universities of the United States.

Athletics. The organization of athletics at Columbia has occasioned favorable comment far and wide among the educators of the country. Everything connected with athletics-tennis, golf, football, baseball, track events, and gymnastics-has been organized thoroughly and placed in charge of a responsible head. The Director of Athletics is answerable to the President and the Board of Curators for everything connected with his work. Under this system athletics have been turned into a means of grace. The evils of professionalism have been done away with entirely. A spirit of fairness, truthfulness, constancy under defeat, generosity to the vanquished, politeness to opponents, and love of sports for their own sake, has been growing steadily among the students.

Intercollegiate Debates. Our students maintain a number of Debating Clubs, and have engaged in a number of debates with other colleges and universities. We are proud to say that out of 21 debates in which they have engaged 14 have been won by our students.

Other student organizations, such as the Glee Clubs, the Cadet Band, the English Club, etc., are in a flourishing condition. In addition to the weekly paper, "The Independent of the University of Missouri," and the Annual, "The Savitar," our students have recently established the "Missouri Agricultural College Farmer," and "The Asterisk," a literary magazine.

Young Men's Christian Association. A vigorous canvass is being made, among the faculty, students, and alumni of the University, with a view to raising sufficient funds to erect a handsome Young Men's Christian Association building for the use of all the students of the University. The Association hopes to erect a building to cost about $55,000. Already the ground has been secured and about $25,000 of this amount has been subscribed. No building could possibly be more needed at the present time. The Curators commend this movement heartily and hope that in the near future the actual construction of the building may be begun.

In addition to their meritorious work in raising the standard of religious life among the students by means of public meetings and Bible

classes, the Y. M. C. A. maintains also an employment bureau, to supply work to all deserving men. A committee makes a canvass of the town every fall and distributes work among those who apply for it. By this means during last session jobs which netted more than $4,000 were distributed to needy students. Too much praise can not be given to this body of Christian students and to the teachers and officers of the University for the encouragement that they have given to poor young men in supporting themselves in whole or in part.

The Young Women's Christian Association. This year, for the first time, this Association is able to employ a General Secretary, Miss Nellie Wetzel, thereby greatly increasing its efficiency. The work of the Association is rapidly growing. Ten weekly Bible study classes have been organized; one at Read Hall, one in each of the two Sorority Houses and seven at large. In addition to devotional study the Association endeavors to develop the social relations among all the young women of the University.

BUILDINGS AND EQUIPMENT.

Owing to the failure of the Collateral Inheritance Tax to yield money enough, none of the six buildings for which appropriations were made by the Forty-second General Assembly have been erected. We have been able to lay the foundation of the new Gymnasium and of the cattle barn on the Experiment Farm. The further equipment of the laboratories and libraries has been materially hampered.

Under the direction of Mr. George E. Kessler, Landscape Architect of the World's Fair, the improvement of the Campus at Columbia has been going on in a satisfactory manner. Large plantations of trees and shrubs have been made; paths have been laid out; walks have been built of plank, cinders, and granitoid; drainage has been improved; much grading has been done; and the surface water from adjacent property has been prevented from flowing upon our grounds. As soon as certain disputes relative to the grade of the streets adjacent to the campus have been adjusted, we hope to lay around the whole campus granitoid walks. In four or five years, if the improvements continue, our campus will be one of the most beautiful in the country.

The heat, water, power, and light plant has been greatly improved during the past year. Pure water from our well, 937 feet deep, is now supplied to every building that the University owns. Light from our plant is supplied to most of our buildings, and as soon as an alternating current machine can be installed, our own system of lighting will be completed. The administration of the whole plant has been placed in the hands of Mr. A. M. Greene, Jr., Professor of Mechanical Engineering.

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