contrary to the stipulation of Article I. of the treaty of Ghent, to be referred to some friendly sovereign or State for decision. ARTICLE VI.-Ratification. Signed by, ALBERT GALLATIN. RICHARD RUSH. FREDERICK JOHN ROBINSON. 1 In accordance with the 5th article of this convention, an agreement was entered into by the two governments and Russia, July 12, 1822, by which the question of indemnity for slaves carried away in violation of the first article of the treaty of Ghent, 1814, was to be referred to the Emperor of Russia as arbitrator. This agreement or convention was signed at St. Petersburg by Nesselrode, Capodistrias, Henry Middleton, and Charles Bagot. The award of the Emperor of Russia, based upon the construction of the text of the first article of the treaty of Ghent was : "That the United States of America are entitled to a just indemnification, from Great Britain, for all private property carried away by the British forces; and as the question regards slaves more especially, for all such slaves as were carried away by the British forces, from the places and territories of which the restitution was stipulated by the treaty, in quitting the said places and territories; "That the United States are entitled to consider, as having been so carried away, all such slaves as may have been transported from the above-mentioned territories on board of the British vessels within the waters of the said territories, and who, for this reason, have not been restored; "But that, if there should be any American slaves who were carried away from territories of which the first article of the treaty of Ghent has not stipulated the restitution to the United States, the United States are not to claim an indemnification for the said slaves." Difficulties having arisen in the execution of this award, by a subsequent convention, concluded at London, November 13, 1826, by Albert Gallatin, William Huskisson, and Henry Addington, Great Britain agreed to pay to the United States the sum of 1,204,960 dollars, in lieu of, and in full satisfaction for all claims, etc., under the decision of the convention of 1822. 1827. By a convention concluded at London, August 6, 1827, by Albert Gallatin, Chas. Grant, and Henry Addington, the two governments agreed to extend indefinitely the stipulations of the 3d article of the convention GREAT BRITAIN, 1842. TREATY TO SETTLE AND DEFINE BOUNDARIES; FOR THE FINAL SUPPRESSION OF THE AFRICAN SLAVE-TRADE; AND FOR THE GIVING UP OF CRIMINALS FUGITIVE FROM JUSTICE. Concluded August 9, 1842. Ratifications exchanged at London, October 13, 1842. Proclaimed November 10, 1842. ARTICLE I. (Northeastern Boundary settled.)—" It is hereby agreed and declared that the line of boundary shall be as follows: Beginning at the monument at the source of the river St. Croix as designated and agreed to by the Commissioners under the fifth article of the treaty of 1794, between the Governments of the United States and Great Britain; thence, north, following the exploring line run and marked by the surveyors of the two Governments in the years 1817 and 1818, under the fifth article of the treaty of Ghent, to its intersection with the river St. John, and to the middle of the channel thereof; thence, up the middle of the main channel of the said river St. John, to the mouth of the river St. Francis; thence, up the middle of the channel of the said river St. Francis, and of the lakes through which it flows, to the outlet of the Lake Pohenagamook thence, southwesterly, in a straight line, to a point on the northwest branch of the river St. John, which point shall be ten miles distant from the main branch of the St. of 1818; but the convention was subject to abrogation after October 20, 1828, by either party giving twelve months' notice. Claims to territory west of the Rocky Mountains were not to be affected by this convention. On April 27, 1846, Congress authorized the President, at his discretion, to give the notice required by this convention for its abrogation. In this same year, September 29, 1827, a convention was concluded between the two governments, as provided for by the 5th article of the treaty of Ghent, to refer the differences regarding the northeastern boundary to the arbitration of a friendly State. The question was accordingly referred to the King of the Netherlands. His award, however, was satisfactory to neither party, and was rejected by both. The dispute was finally settled by the treaty of 1842. John, in a straight line, and in the nearest direction; but if the said point shall be found to be less than seven miles from the nearest point of the summit or crest of the highlands that divide those rivers which empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence from those which fall into the river St. John, then, the said point shall be made to recede down the said northwest branch of the river St. John, to a point seven miles in a straight line from the said summit or crest; thence, in a straight line, in a course about south, eight degrees west, to the point where the parallel of latitude of 46° 25′ north intersects the southwest branch of the St. John's; thence, southerly, by the said branch, to the source thereof in the highlands at the Metjarmette portage; thence, down along the said highlands which divide the waters which empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence from those which fall into the Atlantic Ocean, to the head of Hall's Stream; thence, down the middle of said stream, till the line thus run intersects the old line of boundary surveyed and marked by Valentine and Collins, previously to the year 1774, as the 45th degree of north latitude, and which has been known and understood to be the line of actual division between the States of New York and Vermont on one side, and the British province of Canada on the other; and from said point of intersection, west, along the said dividing line, as heretofore known and understood, to the Iroquois or St. Lawrence River." ARTICLE II.-Description of boundary line. ARTICLE III.-Navigation of the St. John to be free to those of either party dwelling on the upper waters of the river, for all produce not manufactured, etc. ARTICLE IV. Prior grants of land in the disputed territory to be held valid. ARTICLE V.-Distribution of the "disputed territory fund." ARTICLE VI. Two commissioners to be appointed to mark the boundary line between the St. Croix and St. Lawrence rivers. ARTICLE VII.-Certain waters in the St. Lawrence, Detroit, and St. Clair rivers to be free to both parties. ARTICLE VIII.-(Suppression of the Slave-Trade.)-" The parties mutually stipulate that each shall prepare, equip, and maintain in service on the coast of Africa a sufficient and adequate squadron or naval force of vessels of suitable numbers and descriptions, to carry in all not less than eighty guns, to enforce, separately and respectively, the laws, rights, and obligations of each of the two countries for the suppression of the slave-trade, the said squadrons to be independent of each other, but the two Governments stipulating, nevertheless, to give such orders to the officers commanding their respective forces as shall enable them most effectually to act in concert and co-operation, upon mutual consultation, as exigencies may arise, for the attainment of the true object of this article, copies of all such orders to be communicated by each Government to the other, respectively." ARTICLE IX.-Remonstrances to be made with other powers within whose dominions a market for slaves is found. ARTICLE X.-(Extradition of Criminals).-See Treaties of Extradition. ARTICLE XI.—(Duration of the treaty.)-The eighth article of this treaty shall be in force for five years from the date of the exchange of the ratifications, and afterwards until one or the other party shall signify a wish to terminate it. The tenth article shall continue in force until one or the other of the parties shall signify its wish to terminate it, and no longer. ARTICLE XII.-(Ratifications.) Concluded June 15, 1846. Ratifications excharged at London, July 17, 1846. Proclaimed August 5, 1846. ARTICLE I.--(Boundary line west of the Rocky Mountains.)— "From the point on the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, where the boundary laid down in existing treaties and conventions between the United States and Great Britain terminates, the line of boundary between the territories of the United States and those of her Britannic Majesty shall be continued westward along the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the middle of the channel which separates the continent from Vancouver's Island; and thence southerly through the middle of the said channel, and of Fuca's Straits, to the Pacific Ocean: Provided, however, that the navigation of the whole of the said channel and straits, south of the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, remain free and open to both parties." ARTICLE II. (Navigation of the Columbia.)-The great northern branch of the Columbia, from the point where it intersects the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude to the point where said branch meets the main stream of the Columbia, shall be free and open to the Hudson's Bay Company, and to all British subjects trading with the same, as also the Columbia from that point to its mouth, subject to regulations not inconsistent with the present treaty. ARTICLE III. The possessory rights of British subjects in the territory south of the 49th parallel to be respected. ARTICLE IV. (Farms and lands belonging to the Puget's Sound, Agricultural Company.)-"The farms, lands, and other property of every description belonging to the Puget's Sound Agricultural Company, on the north side of the Columbia. River, shall be confirmed to the said company. In case, however, the situation of those farms and lands should be considered by the United States to be of public and political importance, and the United States Government should signify a desire to obtain possession of the whole, or of any part thereof, the property so required shall be transferred to the said Government, at a proper valuation, to be agreed upon between the parties." ARTICLE V.-Ratifications to be exchanged at London, within six months. Signed at Washington, June 15, 1846, by JAMES BUCHANAN. 1 A dispute subsequently arose between the two governments as to the true meaning of Article I. of this treaty in respect to the channel between Vancouver's Island and the main land. The British government insisted that the Rosario Straits formed the cannel intended by the treaty, whereas the United States insisted that the Chanal de Haro was the proper |