TABLE 43.-Statistics of private high schools, endowed academies, seminaries,

and other private secondary schools for the scholastic year 1896-97-Continued.

TABLE 44.-Public and private high schools for boys only, for girls only, and for both

35 9, 659 26 10, 291 5, 048 163, 786 225, 694 351 20, 054 537 23, 134 1, 212 33, 164 31, 681

CHAPTER XLI.

STATISTICS OF CITY SCHOOL SYSTEMS.

There are 578 cities in the United States claiming to have more than 8,000 population each. In these cities there are 601 distinct systems of city public schools, a number of cities having two or more school organizations. In 1890-91 there were only 442 such systems, with an enrollment of 2,627,275 pupils. For 1896-97 the enrollment in the 601 city systems was 3,590,875, an increase of 963,600, or 36.67 per cent in six years. In the same time the enrollment in the public schools outside of the cities of 8,000 population increased from 10,122,857 in 1890-91 to 11,061,617 in 1896–97. This was an increase of 638,760, or a little more than 6 per cent. This wide difference in the rate of increase in enrollment in city and country schools is partly due to the fact that in 1890-91 more than 150 of the systems now classed as city systems were yet outside of cities of 8,000 population and over, and the enrollment in these 150 systems is now in effect subtracted from the enrollment in country schools and added to that in city schools. Whether this accounts for the whole difference in the rate of increase or not the fact remains that the enrollment in public schools in cities of 8,000 population and over in 1890-91 was only about 20 per cent of the total public school enrollment of the United States, while in 1896-97 the enrollment in cities of like size is 244 per cent of the public school enrollment for the whole country. The following table is a summary of statistics of school systems of cities containing over 8,000 inhabitants, showing increase or decrease from previous year:

In 1890 the cities of 8,000 population and over had 29.2 per cent of the population of the entire country. In 1897 the estimated population of the United States, based largely upon the school census of the previous year in most of the States, was 71,374,142. The aggregate population claimed by the cities of 8,000 inhabitants and over was 24,878,211, or 34.86 per cent of the total population. This percentage is manifestly too great, the actual population of most cities being consideraly below the "claimed” population. The total population of these cities, estimated on the basis of the latest school census of each city, was 22,531,091 for 1897, or 31.57 per cent of the estimated population of the United States for that year.

The statistics of city school systems are summarized in Tables 1 to 20 in this chapter, and certain comparisons are drawn between the public schools of the cities and the public schools outside of cities of 8,000 population and over.

Table 1 shows for each State the number of city systems of public schools, the enrollment in these public schools, the aggregate number of days attended, the aver

age daily attendance, the number of supervising officers, and the number of teachers, male and female. The estimated enrollment in private and parochial schools is also given. The public school enrollment in the cities, 3,590,875, was an increase of 106,620, or 3.06 per cent, over the preceding year. The aggregate attendance, 507,622,259, was an increase of 17,835,554, or 3.64 per cent. The estimated enrollment in private and parochial schools, 824,609, was a decrease of 24,151, or 2.85 per cent, from the year before. The number of teachers in 1896-97 was 74,117, an increase of 3,792, or 5.39 per cent, although the number of supervising officers was 79 less.

Table 2 is an exhibit of the school property owned by city school systems, and shows the amount of money expended for teaching and for all purposes in the cities of each State. These city schools occupied 8,604 buildings, in which were 3,397,275 seats for study, showing an increase of less than 1 per cent in seating capacity from the preceding year. The value of school property was $267,050,289, an increase of $9,813,706, or 3.82 per cent, in one year. The amount of money expended for teaching and supervising was $48,772,485, an increase of $2,024,620, or 4.33 per cent, over the previous year. The aggregate expenditure of the 601 city systems for all purposes, except repayment of loans and interest on bonds, was $84,866,092, an increase of $4,823,974, or 6.03 per cent, over 1895-96.

Table 3 is a bird's-eye view of the statistics of city school systems summarized by States, preceded by a review for the past five years by geographical divisions and for the United States as a whole. The table shows that for 1896-97 the enrollment in private schools was only 18.7 per cent of the total school enrollment in cities; that the average daily attendance in the public schools was 74.8 per cent of the public school enrollment; that the average number of days' attendance of each pupil enrolled was 141.4; that the average length of school term was 188.9; that the average number of pupils in attendance to each teacher was 36.3; that the average number of teachers to each supervising officer was 19.3. The table also shows that the average number of seats for each 100 pupils in attendance was 126.4; that the average number of seats to a building was 395; that the value of school property per capita of pupils in average attendance was $99.36; that the cost of teaching and supervising per capita of pupils in average attendance was $18.15; that the total cost of maintaining the schools per capita of pupils in averago attendance was $31.58; that the average cost per day of tuition for one pupil was 9.61 cents, and that the average daily expenditure per pupil for all purposes was 16.72 cents.

Table 4 shows that there were 627 high schools belonging to the 601 city systems. These high schools had 5,920 instructors, 2,288 males and 3,632 females. In the high schools there were 181,410 secondary students, 73,872 males and 107,538 females. The average number of teachers to a high school was 9.4, the average number of students to a teacher 30.6, and the average number of students to a high school was 289.3. The table gives similar statistics for each State. Statistics of all the high schools in the United States are given in Chapter XL.

Table 5 summarizes the statistics of evening schools belonging to the public school systems of cities. There were in 1896-97 in cities of 8,000 population and over 813 such schools, with 4,141 teachers and 183,168 pupils. It is seen that 558 of these schools, with 140,053 pupils, are in the cities of the North Atlantic division, 201 being in Massachusetts and 151 in Pennsylvania.

Table 6 is a summary of the statistics of kindergartens belonging to the public school systems of cities. In the cities of 8,000 population and over there were 1,077 public kindergartens, conducted by 2,024 teachers. In these kindergartens were 81,916 pupils, 35,968 boys and 37,883 girls. Nearly all the public kindergartens were in the cities of the North Atlantic and North Central divisions. The second part of the table shows that in cities and villages of over 4,000 but less than 8,000 population there were 80 kindergartens, conducted by 139 teachers. These kindergartens had 4,717 pupils, 2,052 boys and 2,218 girls. Lists of cities showing the number of kindergartens, kindergarten teachers, and pupils are given in Tables 21 and 22. The detailed statistics of the 601 systems of public schools in cities of 8,000 pop