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One of the many picturesque spots in the mountain regions of Montana which have been made accessible to motorists by the improvement of the public highways of the State.
In the right of the picture may be seen the excellent motor road which traverses the Gallatin Canyon, in the southern portion of the State and not far north of Yellowstone

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IN MOUNT RAINIER NATIONAL PARK, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

A fine stretch of an earth and gravel road leading through a spruce forest in Mount Rainier National Park, State of Washington.

at New York City, leads through New Jersey, through Pennsylvania via the William Penn Highway, and thence to the West via Kansas City and over the Rocky Mountains through newly constructed roadways. The Sunset Trail leads from Chicago southward, following the Santa Fe Trail, through Arizona, New Mexico, and to Southern California, thence northward to San Francisco. The Northwest Trail--2,416 miles from Chicago to Spokane- crosses dairy farms, wheat belts, gold, copper, and silver mines, passes the Yellowstone Park- a trail made by the prairie schooner of the early Northwest settler. The Dixie Overland Highway, one of the newest of the trunk road projects, is being closely watched by the Federal Government and is enthusiastically supported by the people of the South. It passes through Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, and Arizona to California.

Every facility, therefore, is placed at the disposal of the States for their road building. Engineers in Federal employ are at the disposal of the State highways commissions and the people for consultation purposes. The department is ready at all times to suggest the best kind of road for the needs of the various sections of the country. Experiments are being made and experts are travelling throughout the land with illustrations of good and bad roads, and explanations of advantages of good roads. Endeavors are being made to prevent wasteful expenditure on the wrong kinds of roads. The Director of the United States Office of Public Roads and Rural Engineering has written to the highways commissions urging the placing of road building on a sound economic basis and the creation of well-organized forces for building and maintenance and improved road management. The Chief Engineer of the United States Army has notified builders of highways that the needs of roads in warfare do not differ materially from those in time of peace. Bridges and culverts should be able to sustain

15 tons.

Most of the new roads fill these requirements. The roads of the South are almost uniformly of sand and clay, some of them surfaced with gravel. California has constructed most of the road connecting with the proposed Dixie Highway-from Los Angeles to San Diego and from there to Yuma- of concrete, an expensive construction which those States not so thickly populated could scarcely afford. The Government has expressed the necessity for having more massive foundations than this country has considered necessary heretofore.

The roads now being built which are expected to withstand time and traffic are gravel, macadam, bituminous macadam, rock-asphalt macadam, cement concrete, bituminous concrete, asphalt block, and brick roads.

The coming of the motor vehicle made it necessary to devise some method of dust prevention and the ravelling of the formerly popular macadam road. Numerous methods have been tried to devise a lasting road surface reasonably free from dust within the financial means of main-line country roads. The best method has been found to be that of broken stone bonded by a bituminous material which coats the fragments and fills the interstices. Refined tars, oil asphalts, and fluxed natural asphalts are the usual binders employed, and there are two methods-penetration and mixing- either one of which gives excellent satisfaction.

Facing unknown consequences of what will undoubtedly be a bitter war, it is wonderful to find that the road question has brought the people of the United States more closely together, that it has taught them to think Nationally rather than of matters bounded by the back fence. One s outlook is limited to one's output, and when there is no obstruction in all the world to accomplishment it leaves wide range for vision.

Marshall Joffre said that the corps of United States Army Engineers who went to France for road-building purposes were worth an army. It is to be hoped that all of those nations who are not the scene of the actual fighting, will look to their roads and thereby encourage universal production. For the struggle for liberty is not over. Upon those nations whose resources have not been depleted rests the responsibility for the regeneration of civilization.

ESTABLISHMENT OF INTERNATIONAL BUREAU OF TRADE-MARKS AND COMMERCIAL NAMES AT HABANA, CUBA.

N December 6, 1917, the President of Cuba, by official decree, established the Habana bureau of the International Ameri

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can Union for the Protection of Trade-Marks and Commercial Names, and appoined as its director Dr. Mario Diaz Irizar, a distinguished lawyer of Cuba, who has made a special study of the laws of trade-marks, patents, and copyrights.

The establishment of this office is the result of the Convention for the Protection of Trade-Marks and Commercial Names which was concluded by the representatives of the countries which participated in the Fourth International American Conference held in Buenos Aires in 1910. This convention created an International American Union, whose activities were to become effective upon the ratification of the convention by two-thirds of the countries of each of the two groups into which the American nations were divided. The northern group, consisting of Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Salvador, and the United States, are to have their trade-marks registered in the international bureau established in Habana; the southern group, consisting of the countries of South America, are to have their international bureau located in Rio de Janeiro. Two-thirds of the northern group having ratified the convention, the establishment of the bureau at Habana was in order and the action of the President of Cuba carries out the terms of the treaty. The required two-thirds of the southern group of nations has not yet ratified the convention. Article XII of the convention referred to prescribes that the international bureaus shall have the following duties: Keep a register of the certificates of ownership of trade-marks issued by any of the signatory States; collect such reports and data as relate to the protection of intellectual and industrial property and publish and circulate them among the nations of the union, as well as furnish them whatever special information they may need upon this subject; encourage the study and publicity of the questions relating to the protection of intellectual and industrial property; publish for this purpose one or more official reviews, containing the full texts or digests of all documents forwarded to the bureaus by the authorities of the signatory States. The Governments of said States shall send to the International American Bureaus their official publications which contain the announcements of the registration of trade-marks

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