connoisseur that his French cook is said to have resigned in despair, as not being able to draw the attention of his master by his choicest efforts. The Duke is supposed to have viewed religious matters very much en militaire. But for many years he set an example to his peers by attention beyond a mere routine. When in town, he constantly attended the Chapel Royal in St. James' Palace, or at Whitehall; at Strathfieldsaye, he appeared punctually in the family pew of the parish church, and, at Walmer, was never absent from the humble church of the hamlet.
Such are a few of the personal characteristics of one of the greatest men England has produced-such, at least, as he appeared in the eyes of his countrymen in the later years of his life. For if the ancient saying be true," that no man should be called happy till his death," the Duke of Wellington is a remarkable illustration of the wisdom of postponing our judgment to the end; for no man affords a more eminent instance of the compensations with which Fortune so frequently balances her largest favours. The most successful general of his age, the brilliant actions with which he inaugurated the Peninsular War were neutralised by the incapacity of his successors; the first campaign in which the Imperial arms had been avowedly worsted-in which he had compelled the surrender of a French Marshal and all his army, and had liberated a king dom-was decried by his countrymen, and he was made to undergo the indignity of an inquiry. While he was for years, by a wiselyconsidered defensive warfare checking the torrent of invasion, and watching the moment when he should convert defence into victory,
the English Opposition-a third of the nobility and a large portion of the people-attacked the Ministry through their general, denying his success and misrepresenting his policy; and while combatting an overwhelming enemy abroad, he had to contend against the fierce invectives of his detractors at home. Afterwards, when neither his consummate military genius nor his immense successes could longer be denied when he had returned to England and received the rewards his Sovereign and his country unanimously bestowed-his political life was intimately connected with persons and parties who had, whatever their wisdom and patriotism, become hateful to a large part-to a numerical majority of the people; and as the leaders of that party were removed in the course of nature, and Wellington's eminence necessarily placed him foremost, he was considered the impersonation of a policy oppressive alike to the interests of the country and to the liberties of Europe. Again, as time brought about its changes, and he sacrificed the reason and prejudices of his life to carry measures which, in his judgment, had become necessary to the safety of the Empire, he encountered the indignant hostility of the political friends of his past-men of great worth, of his own rank and House-and he alienated his friends without conciliating one opponent. To sum up in one word, for twenty years after he had delivered Europe it was his evil fortune to be almost invariably unpopular. The clearness of his perception justified to him the course he was taking, and the firmness of his mind rendered him unhesitating in pursuing it; but it could never be other than a source
of disquiet, even to his strong character, to be conscious that that course was viewed with dislike and distrust by his countrymen. It was reserved for the Duke of Wellington to outlive these clouds upon his character and fame-to outlive even the circumstances which caused them; and when at length these evil times had passed away, and the real life of the man became visible to his fellow-men, no day passed in which it was not discovered that he had further claims upon the gratitude, love, and veneration of mankind. It seems, indeed, as though Providence, which had conducted him through a life of so many successes, chequered by so many trials, had reserved some of its special blessings for its close-the regard of his Sovereign, the devotion of his friends, and the love of his countrymen-and though the Psalmist declares the period appointed to humanity, and that "though a man be so strong that he reach to fourscore years yet is his strength but labour and sorrow," had blessed
him, at an age protracted even beyond that extreme limit, with health of body and clearness of mind; and his decease, free from sickness and suffering, appeared to his countrymen an exemption from the ills to which humanity is subjected.
By his marriage with the Hon. Catherine Pakenham, the Duke of Wellington has left two sons to inherit his name and dignities. The elder, Arthur Richard, now Duke of Wellington, born in 1807, married in 1839 the Lady Elizabeth Hay, fourth daughter of the Marquess of Tweeddale, but has no issue. The younger, Charles, bcra in 1808, married in 1844, Augusta Sophia Anne, only child of the Right Hon. Henry Manvers Pierrepont, brother of Earl Manvers, and has several children.
The Duke of Wellington has left a will, drawn by himself in 1818, immediately after Cantillon's attempt to assassinate him.
An account of his Public Funeral has been given in the ANNUAL REGISTER for 1852.
PATENT S.
From January 1st to December 31st, 1853.
It is frequently difficult to make an abstract of the lengthy descriptions given by the patentees of their inventions, sufficiently short for the purposes of this list and yet sufficiently accurate to indicate exactly the nature of the invention. It is hoped, however, that sufficient is given to afford to an inquirer the means of making more accurate researches in the official records.
ABADIE, parasols, July 29
Abate, printing on metals, Jan. 12
Abraham, percussion caps, June 28
Adams, ball cartridges, Jan. 8
Adams, railways, May 17
Adamson, flushing apparatus, Sept. 21
Adolph, ventilators, Jan. 12
Ador, plastic materials, July 26
Adorno, cigars and cigarettes, Feb. 7
Agden, cotton-spinning, May 17
Aitchison, furnaces, Jan. 21
Allan, propellers, Mar. 16
Allan, motive-power, Mar. 16
Allchin, steam engines, June 8
Allen, telegraph protectors, Aug. 2
Allen, galvanic batteries, Aug. 2
Allen, cleansing bottles, Oct. 14
Allen, communicating intelligence, Oct. 27
Allman, brushes, Dec. 31
Allport, buttons, Mar. 30
Ambler, combing wool, Nov. 30
Amos, centrifugal pumps, Feb. 19
Anderson, ventilating, April 9
Anderson, saponaceous compounds, June 28
Anderson, motive-power, Aug. 5
Anderson, locomotive engines, Oct. 1
Andraud, railway, Dec. 24
Andrew, window fasteners, Mar. 30
Appel, anastatic printing, Feb. 19.
Applegath, embossing paper, Dec. 5
Applegath, letter-press printing, Dec. 9
Apsey, ship building, &c., Mar. 30
Archer, railway signals, July 15
Archibald, lighting and heating, Mar. 16
Archibald, extracting oils, Mar. 6
Arding, thrashing machines, Sept. 21
Armitage, dies, April 30
Arney, enamelling pictures, April 13
Arnold, hot baths, April 9
Arnold, book-binding, July 29
Arnough, towing, Dec. 5
Arrowsmith, shaping metals, July 12
Arrowsmith, pumping machine, July 8
Arrowsmith, spinning, Dec. 19
Asbury, railway carriages, April 9
Asbury, dowles used in joinery, Sept. 21
Ash, stopping bottles, May 4
Ashewhurst, pianofortes, Nov. 14
Ashpitel, fire-plugs and valves, Feb. 23
Aspdin, cement, Mar. 9
Aspinall, cane juice, Mar. 23
Astley, floating vessels, Mar. 30
Aston, coating wood, Oct. 20
Atkinson, spinning flax, Mar. 9
Austen, mould candles, Sept. 15
Austen, raising sunk vessels, Dec. 19
Austin, ornamenting glass, Feb. 19
Austin, reaping machine, Dec. 28.
Auguste, lace, Oct. 26
Avins, bricks, July 28
Ayckbourn, coating materials, June 21
Ayckbourn, water-proof fabrics, Dec. 19
Aymard, treatment of fatty matters, Sept.29
Babb, hats, caps, and bonnets, Nov. 23
Babb, hats, caps, and bonnets, Nov. 25
Babonean, asphalte, May 10
Baddeley,circular-motion apparatus, May31
Baddeley, metal pipes, June 3
Baddeley, label damper, Aug. 5
Baggs, extracting metals, Mar. 2
Bailey, watches and clocks, Mar. 30
Baillie, fluids, Jan. 14
Baily, fowl-medicine, Dec. 28
Bainbridge, fishing-bait, Jan. 17
Baines, railways, Nov. 3
Baker, bricks, Sept. 8
Baker, revolving shutters, Nov. 19
Ball, looped fabrics, April 27
Balmforth, steam boilers, Mar. 16
Balmforth, steam hammers, Aug. 19
Banfield, extracting saccharine, Feb. 26
Banfield, preserving plants, Oct. 27
Banfield, cutting roots, Oct. 27
Banks, lubricators, Dec. 12
Banwens, fatty matters, Jan. 13
Barclay, rotatory-engines, Aug. 9
Barker, sawing wood, Jan. 12
Barker, fastenings, Jan. 12
Barker, band joining, Mar. 23
Barker, turning machinery, Dec. 12
Barlow, cask stands, March 28
Barlow, cotton cylinders, March 30
Barlow, sulphuric acid, April 27
Barlow, twisting cotton, Nov. 28
Barnes, water plugs, Jan. 27
Barraclough, carpets, Dec. 9
Barrans, steam-engine boilers, Jan. 12
Barrans, steam boilers, Sept. 15
Barrett, treatment of stone, Oct. 29
Barrington, life boats, Sept. 1
Barse, soda water, April 9
Barse, lubricating axles, July 5
Barsham, railway communicating, Aug. 5
Barsham, drying bricks, Nov. 3
Barsham, charing peat, Nov. 8
Bellford, fire arms, April 6
Bellford, drying furnaces, May 20
Bellford, metal wind instruments, May 31
Bellford, printing music, July 15
Bellford, stoppering bottles, June 16
Bellford, power looms, June 21
Bellford, furnaces, June 21
Bellford, cleansing ores, June 21
Bellford, "battering" or "wadding," July 15
Bellford, life boats, Aug. 2
Bellford, bituminous makers, Aug. 8
Bellford, cutting crops, Aug. 27
Bellford, washing quartz or ore, Sept. 8
Bellford, saccharine matters, Nov. 2
Bellford, sawing machines. Nov. 2
Bellford, rotary engines, Nov. 19
Bellford, navigable vessels, Nov. 21
Bellford, treating flax, Nov. 23
Bellford, stove or kiln, Dec. 17
Bellford, magneto-electric machine, Dec. 28
Bellford, steam boilers, Dec. 28
Bellford, tunnelling, Dec. 30
Barsham, bricks, tiles, and blocks, Nov. 18 Bellhouse, iron structures, June 21
Barter, cutting roots, May 4
Bartlett, needles, Dec. 23
Barton, life boat bath, April 16
Bate, fire escape, Nov. 23
Bateman, carding wool, July 23
Bates, hosiery, Jan. 17
Bates, motive-power, Feb. 23
Bauer, steam-digging, Dec. 28
Baxter, steam valves, Aug. 5.
Baxter, ship-building, Dec. 12
Bayless, preventing smoke, Sept. 29
Beadon, propelling ships, March 2
Beale, steam engine, &c., March 19
Beales, fire-resisting cement, March 5
Beart, moulding of bricks, Jan. 12
Beatson, propelling ships, June 8
Beatson, propelling ships, July 23
Beattie, generating steam, April 2
Beaumont, woven fabrics, July 15
Beaumont, dwelling houses, July 26
Beaumont, buildings, Oct. 27
Beaumont, bricks and tiles, Nov. 28
Beauvain, wool machine, July 26
Behrens, generating steam, Nov. 9
Behrens, zinc, Nov. 9
Bell, treating iron and sulphur, Jan. 17
Bell, railway chairs, April 23
Bell, glass manufacture, June 28
Bell, valves, Aug. 19
Bell, liquid cement, Nov. 11
Bell, sulphuric acid, Nov. 23
Belleville, motive-power, May 4
Bellford, sewing machines, March 12
Bellford, steam boilers, March 12
Bellford, smoothing irons, March 16
Bellford, sewing cloth, March 16
Bellford, cocks or taps, March 23
Bellford, soda water, &c., March 28
Bellhouse, steam boilers, Oct. 20
Bender, fire for smokers, April 16
Bennett, rovings of wool, Mar. 9
Bentall, harrows, April 27
Bentall, measuring power, July 15
Bentley, fire arms, June 3
Bentley, locks and keys, Sept. 8
Berard, hydraulic constructions, March 30
Berdam, amalgamating metals, Dec. 12
Bernard, ornamental leather, April 16
Bernard, glass, April 23
Bernard, advertising, May 17
Bernard, boots, shoes, and clogs, Sept. 29
Bernard, coating metals, Oct. 20
Bernard, extracting fluids, Nov. 11
Bernard, mechanical movements, Nov. 14
Berriedale, weaving, May 4
Berry, metal machinery, April 2
Berry, roasting coffee, June 28
Berry, machine printers, Oct. 20
Bertalacci, pneumatic penholder, April 13
Bertram, paper, July 5
Bessemer, cleansed sugar, May 4
Bessemer, crystallized sugar, May 4
Bessemer, saccharine fluids, May 4
Bessemer, saccharine solutions, May 4
Bessemer, waterproof fabrics, Aug. 19
Bessemer, sugar refining, Sept. 21
Bessemer, saccharine products, Sept. 21
Bessemer, refining sugar, Sept. 21
Bethell, steam-engines, April 20
Bethell, ores, April 23
Bethell, flax manufacture, Oct. 6
Betjemann, chairs, Nov. 9
Betteley, anchors, July 15
Betts, metallic capsules, Dec. 19
Biddell, culling vegetables, Sept. 8
Biddles, fabric machinery, April 20
Bielefeld, portable buildings, Jan. 25
Bielefeld, billiard tables, &c., March 19
Billing, metals, March 30, April 1
Billings, roofing buildings, Nov. 3
Billows, gas burners, April 30
Billyeald, looped fabrics, March 9
Einks, dryers and drying oils, Dec. 9
Biram, ventilating mines, Nov. 25
Birch, drains, May 7
Bird, webs of saddles, Jan. 12
Bird, vehicles, Aug. 9
Birkett, treating soap-suds, Aug. 2
Bissell, cramps, March 23
Bitten, steam-boiler gage, Sept. 29
Blackwell, harness band, Sept. 8
Blackwell, sadlery, Sept. 8
Blades, cleansing sewers, June 16
Blair, waddings, March 30
Blair, supplying water in boilers, March 9
Blair, printing fabrics, lamp black, April 9
Blair, steam boiler supplying, April 20
Blair, propelling vessels, Oct. 14.
Blair, railway breaks, Oct. 27
Blair, cutting lapped cloths, Dec. 16
Blake, railway wheels, Oct. 12
Blatin, buckles, Dec. 20
Bleackley, bleaching, March 2
Blinkhorn, glass furnaces, May 17
Bloomer, anchors, Jan. 29
Boake, railway signal posts, Sept. 8
Boardman, looms, Jan. 29
Boggett, heating by gas, July 5
Boggett, dioptric refractors, Dec. 9
Bohringer, soda and potash, June 17
Boilesir, preserving vegetable subs., Apr.16
Boilesve, desiccating apparatus, May 31
Bollivant, spoons and ladles, July 12
Bolton, gases explosion, April 27
Bonney, raising a pile, Nov. 14
Boond, Jacquard looms, Dec. 29
Booth, chromate of potash, March 5
Booth, platting machine, March 16
Bothams, steam engines, Aug. 2
Bousquet, manure, Sept. 15
Boutigny, distillation, May 4
Bouch, signals, Sept. 21
Boura, sadlery and harness, Nov. 5
Bower, gas, Feb. 16
Bower, pile-driving engines, Aug. 2
Bower, carriage wheels, Aug. 3
Bowron, glass, May 17
Boyd, weaving, Nov. 14
Boyd, chlorine, Oct. 20
Boydell, bedsteads, April 27
Boyle, centripetal flange, Sept. 21
Brackenbury, muriate of soda, June 28
Bradbury, taking impressions, June 28
Braden, coffee-roasting apparatus, May 31
Bradley, bricks and tiles, Dec. 5
Brady, knapsacks, Nov. 3
Brae, releasing cords, &c., May 27
Bramwell, steam machinery, April 13
Bramwell, steam engines, May 31
Brand, fire arms, Nov. 16
Breese, papier maché, July 26
Breffit, glass-house pots, Dec. 9
Bresson, propellers, Jan. 8
Brett, electric telegraph, Aug. 27
Brett, photography, Nov. 28
Briggs, piled fabrics, Oct. 6
Brinsmead, reaping machines, April 9
Brinsmead, thrashing machine, April 9
Brisco, preparing flax, Nov. 28
Brisco, heckling flax, Nov. 30
Bristow, consuming smoke, Sept. 29
Brockbank, pianofortes, Jan. S
Brockbank, pianofortes, Sept. 29
Brodie, sailing vessels, April 9
Brodie, black lead, Nov. 23
Brookes, looped fabrics, June 13
Brookes, treating fabrics, Dec. 9
Brookes, boxes, Dec. 9
Brooman, tackle blocks, Jan. 24
Brooman, vices, Feb. 16
Brooman, diving bells, March 23
Brooman, musical instruments, April 9
Brooman, fire arms, April 23
Brooman, sugar manufacture, May 11
Brooman, steam valves, May 20
Brooman, safety valves, May 31
Brooman, saw mills, May 31
Brooman, distilling apparatus, &c., June 7
Brooman, evaporating apparatus, June 10
Brooman, cables, July 28
Brooman, sail-hanks, Aug. 2
Brooman, paper, Aug. 23
Brooman, pipes and tubes, Sept. 1
Brooman, measuring machine, Sept. 8
Brooman, reaping machine, Sept. 8
Brooman, producing designs, Sept. 8
Brooman, pulverizing gums, Sept. 29
Brooman, inhaling tubes, Oct. 6
Brooman, impressions, Oct. 20
Brooman, coating threads, Oct. 27
Brooman, impressions, Oct. 27
Brooman, fuel, Oct. 27
Brooman, hats, Nov. 3
Brooman, anvils, Nov. 9
Brooman, fire arms, Nov. 23
Brooman, pulp for paper, Dec. 9
Brough, plastic substances, June 28
Brown, ventilators, Jan. 22
Brown, navigation, Feb. 16
Brown, furniture, Feb. 26
Brown, navigating, March 9
Brown, treating bituminous subs., Mar. 16
Brown, distilling apparatus, March 23
Brown, block sheaves, March 23
Brown, metallic bedsteads, April 16
Brown, improved furniture, March 30
Brown, barometers, April 20
Brown, smoke consumers, &c., June 8
|