Report on the Condition of the Sea Fisheries of the South Coast of New England

United States. Bureau of Fisheries

U.S. Government Printing Office, 1879

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A GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS	1

WORK ACCOMPLISHED IN 1877Continued Page	13

GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION AND THE MOVEMENTS OF THE SCHOOLSContinued	14

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONSContinued	18

Departure for Halifax	19

By State fish commissions	24

Part táken in the meetings	26

G Brown Goode A HISTORY OF THE MENHADEN By G Brown Goode curator of United	1

Analyses of fish fertilizers	229

Waste from faulty manufacture and use of fish fertilizers	230

Essential ingredients of plant food	231

Ingredients commonly lacking in wornout soils and hence most important in ferti lizers	233

Explanation of chemical terms used in fertilizer analyses	234

Valuations of commercial fertilizers See also Appendix O	235

Relative values of different fertilizers Fish and Peruvian guano	244

Ways of improving fish manure fermentation	247

The imperfect knowledge regarding this species 2	2

Means employed in gathering information 3	3

Published accounts of the species See also Appendixes C and	5

Prejudices and superstitions 6	6

The geographical distribution of popular names 17 A table showing the geographical distribution of the popular names of the men haden 7	7

Discrepancies in these names 9	9

The name of menhaden claimed to be the preferable one 10	10

Hardhead and bonyfish 12	12

Alewife and oldwife 13	13

28	14

Zoological names 30 Latrobes description of Clupea tyrannus and the reasons for adopting this specific name See also Appendix E and Plate II 15	15

Mitchills description of Clupea menhaden See also Appendix E 16	16

Belknaps Clupea dura 17	17

Jenynss Clupea pectinata 18	18

A DESCRIPTION OF THE AMERICAN SPECIES OF BREVOORTIA WITH ANATOMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL NOTES 19	19

2430	23

Brevoortia patronus Goode 26	26

42	30

The accessory branchial organ	34

Illustrations	37

SECTION E ABUNDANCE OF THE MENHADEN COMPARATIVE AND ABSOLUTE	78

12	86

THE ENEMIES AND FATALITIES OF THE MENHADEN	101

Inferences to be drawn from the presence of these parasites 103	103

Other parasites	104

The destructiveness of sharks	105

Ravages of the bluefish and the bonito 166	107

Captain Spindels account of the ravages of the bluefish	108

An estimate of the number of menbaden annually consumed by predaceous fish	109

Man and the fisheries	110

Comments upon these allegations	111

Professor Hinds unwarranted statements	112

THE MENHADEN FISHERIES	113

Difficulty experienced in obtaining statistics	114

Fisheries in Maine	115

Fisheries in Connecticut	116

Fisheries in Virginia and North Carolina	117

The scineboats	120

The sailingvessels See also Appendix I 199	123

The best time of day for using the purseseine	124

Fishing on the coast of Massachusetts	125

Fishing on the coast of Maine	126

Gillnet fishing on the coast of Maine	128

Weir fishing for menbaden	129

Fishing for fatbacks in North Carolina	131

The menhaden fishery and land industries	132

Laws regulating the menhaden fishery of Massachusetts	133

SUPERSECTION ECONOMICAL VALUE AND APPLICATIONS OF THE MENHADEN	135

Menbaden salted See also Appendix G	136

SECTION KTHE MENHADEN AS A SOURCE OF FOODContinued 36 Foodpreparations derived from the menhaden	137

The qualities of American sardines	138

Mr Goodales Extract of FishMethods of preparation and uses	139

Possible yield of Extract of Fish	140

SECTION LTHE MENHADEN AS A BAITFISH	141

Comparative value of menhaden and other bait	142

Comparative value of herring and menhaden for tollbait	143

The testimony of Canadian officers as to the value of menhaden bait	146

Testimony before the Halifax Commission regarding the greater value of menhaden bait	147

The use of menhaden bait in coast fisheries	148

Estimate of the annual consumption of menhaden bait	149

Use of menhaden bait by the Georges Bank fleet	150

Use of menhaden bait by the Connecticut smacks	151

The Connecticut method of icing bait	152

Conflicts between baitfishermen and manufacturers of oil	155

Present aspects of the conflict in Maine	156

Claims of Her Majestys government	157

Reply of the agent of the United States	158

Reply in behalf of Her Britannic Majestys government	159

Other references to the menhaden in the testimony and affidavits	160

The argument of Mr Dana	161

The claims of Connecticut and New York	162

The inception of the oil business in Maine	164

The location of the oilfactories See also Appendix H	165

231	166

Factories in New York	167

Factories in New Jersey	168

Factories on the Southern coast	169

A description of processes employed in manufacture	170

The factory of George W Miles Co	171

The factory of Joseph Church Co	172

The factory at Napeague N Y	173

14	174

Organization of the fishing gangs	176

Mr Goodales improved method for extracting the oil	177

Proposed chemical method	178

Prices proportionate to amount of oil to be obtained from the fish	180

Oilyield of southern fish	183

Statistics of the manufacture of oil and guano	184

Returns for the United States	187

Comparative yield of oil from the menhaden and whale fisheries	190

Comparative yield of nitrogen from the menhadenfactories and from the imports of birdguano	191

The markets for menhaden oil	192

Reviews of the market for individual years	193

SECTION N MENHADEN AND OTHER FISH AND THEIR PRODUCTS AS RELATED TO AGRICULTURE By W O Atwater See also Appendix O	194

Menhaden in a fresh state used as a fertilizer	195

Use at beginning of present century and later	196

Use at present day	200

Experience in Connecticut Mr Clift	201

Experience of Mr Hall and Mr Loveland	203

Statements of Professor Cook of New Jersey	205

Other testimony	208

Early manufacture in Rhode Island	209

Manufacture in Canada	210

Early manufacture in France	212

Early manufacture in England	213

The Norwegian fishguano	214

Manufacture of glue and removal of oil in preparation of fish guanos	217

Success of fishguano as a fertilizer in Europe	218

Kinds of fertilizers made from fish refuse	219

Goodales new process	224

Adamsons process	225

Immense waste of fish at present Possibilities of future manufacture	226

Manufacture of ammoniated superphosphates	227

E NOTICE OF ARTICLES RELATIVE TO THE SEAFISHERIES PUBLISHED	228

Feeding to stock	248

Danger in using fish fertilizers alone	249

Fish as food for domestic animals	250

General principles of feeding maintenance and production	251

Digestion of foods by animals as tested by European experiments	254

What is essential to economy in feeding Proportions of albuminoids and carbo hydrates	255

Composition and valuations of various food materials German tables	256

Early experience in use of fish as food for stock Feeding cattle on fish in Massa chusetts	258

Other European experience	259

Experiment of Professor Farrington on fish scrap vs cornmeal for sheep	260

European experiments on digestion and nutritive value of fish	263

General conclusions	264

Recapitulation	265

Fish as food for stock	266

APPENDIX A Circular relating to statistics of the menhaden fishery	268

APPENDIX B List of correspondents from whom contributions have been received	271

Superintendence of work of naming and assorting	274

Extracts from writings of ichthyologists relating to the menhaden	279

From Mitchills Fishes of New York Transactions of Literary and Philosophical Society of New York 1815 p 453	282

From Storers History of the Fishes of Massachusetts 1867 p 168	283

From Dekays Zoology of New York Fishes 1842 p 259	286

From Uhler and Luggers List of the Fishes of Maryland 1876 p 133	287

From Günthers Catalogue of Fishes in the British Museum VII p 436	288

history of the menhaden	289

lishguano methods of manufacture and needs of improvement statements of Professor Goessmann 223	291

Partial list of vessels employed in the menhaden fishery	297

Proceedings of the United States Menhaden Oil and Guano Association	358

Annual reports of menhaden oil and guano manufacturers in the State of Maine	368

APPENDIX N Statements of correspondentsContinued	373

Table showing dates of appearance of menhaden at Waquoit Weir 185972	381

THE TREATY OF WASHINGTON	396

Stay in Cape Cod	407

Statement of David F Loring Cape Cod lightstation North Truro Mass February 23 1875	409

Statement of Josiah Hardy 2d Chatham Mass February 17 1874 and January	410

Statement of Alonzo Y Lothrop Hyannis Mass February 18 1874 and January	412

Statement of William S Allen Nantucket Mass January 1875	413

Statement of R C Kenney Nantucket Mass January 21 1874	414

Statement of C B Marchant collector of customs Edgartown Mass January	416

Statement of Jason Luce Co North Tisbury Mass January 6 1875	417

Statement of Luce Brothers East Lyme December 4 1877	418

Statement of E T De Blois Portsmouth R I November 26 1877	425

Statement of J S Crandall Watch Hill R I February 20 1874 and January	427

Statement of William H Potter Mystic River Conn January 27 1874	428

Statement of John Washington Mystic Conn December 30 1874	430

Statement of Leander Wilcox Mystic Bridge Conn January 15 1875	431

Statement of Samuel C Beebe Cornfield Point lightvessel No 12 Saybrook Conn January 6 1875	432

Statement of R E Ingham Saybrook lighthouse Saybrook Conn March 17 1874	433

Statement of J L Stokes Westbrook Conn February 25 1875	435

Statement of B Lillingston Stratford Conn February 23 1874	437

Statement of W S Havens Sag Harbor N Y January 1 1875	441

Statement of Hawkins Brothers Jamesport N Y February 25 1875	443

Statement of Benjamin H Sisson Greenport R I January 29 1874	445

Statement of David G Vail River Head Long Island March 20 1875	447

Statement of Joseph Whaley Point Judith light Point Judith R I December	449

Statement of A G Wolf Absecom light Atlantic City N J March 6 1874	450

Statement of Albert Morris Somers Point N J January 12 1875	451

Statement of D E Foster Cape May lighthouse N J February 15 1875	453

Statement of James H Bell Mispillion River Delaware Bay January 23 1875	454

Statement of Benjamin Tice Maurice River light January 11 1875	457

Statement of Hance Lawson Crisfield Md January 22 1874	458

Statement of Isaac D Robbins Hog Island February 21 1874	460

Statement of G Henry Seldon Kinsale Westmoreland County Va August 1874	461

Statement of Henry Richardson Cape Henry February 9 1874	464

Statement of C G Manning Edenton N C January 6 1875	465

Statement of A W Simpson jr Cape Hatteras N C January 20 1875	470

Statement of A W Simpson jr Cape Hatteras N C January 25 1875	471

Statement of Wallace R Jennett Cape Hatteras N C February 26 1874	474

Statement of A C Davis Beaufort N C February 14 1874 and January 27 1875	475

Statement of W T Hatsel Bodys Island N C March 4 1874 and February 23 1875	477

Statement of W A Harn Morris Island S C January 21 1875	478

Statement of George Gage Beaufort S C January 20 1874	479

Statement of J F Hall Brunswick Ga April 11 1876	481

Statement of Charles Koch Jacksonville Fla January 15 1874	482

Statement of D P Kane Matagorda Texas March 1 1874	483

Letter from C A Goessman on the agricultural value of menhaden fertilizers	485

A description of the factory of the Pacific Guano Company at Woods Holl Mass	487

The Cumberland Bone Companys works	491

The Quinnipiac Fertilizer Companys works	492

The Crowell Manufacturing Company	493

Method of calculating costs of valuable ingredients of fertilizers By W O Atwater	495

Improved methods of drying fishscrap	502

APPENDIX P Exports of menhaden oil from the port of New York from January 1875 to July 1878	503

APPENDIX Q Supplementary works September 22 1878	506

The spawning grounds of the menhaden	507

Menhaden fishing on a Long Island steamer By Ernest Ingersoll	508

The manufacture of sardines from menhaden	512

Small oiltrying in Maine 1860	513

The use of fish for manure by the early colonists of Massachusetts	514

Geographical distribution of Gadidæ	515

Alphabetical index	519

Karl Dambeck GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE GADIDE OR THE COD FAMILY	531

Anonymous AN ACCOUnt of the LoFFODEN ISLANDS OF NORWAY Translated by	559

G O Sars REPORT OF PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS OF THE COD FISHERIES	565

G O Sars REPORT OF PRACTICAL AND SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATIONS ON THE COD FISHERIES	612

G O Sars REPORT MADE TO THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OF INVESTIGATIONS	663

lated from the French by J Paul Wilson	707

Seafisheries of Sweden	741

ORIGINAL COMMUNICATIONS	749

Senator Dantziger THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF THE EMDEN JOINT STOCK HERRING	751

Anonymous THE BEST FOOD FOR YOUNG SALMONOIDS AND FOR LARGER SALMONOIDS	779

Livingston Stone REPORT OF OPERATIONS at the United STATES SALMONHATCH	797

Migrations See also Appendix	807

State commissions in 1877	811

Interference of illegal fishing with the results	817

Record of fishing at Grand Lake Stream Maine October and November	824

32	825

from October 1875 to March 1878 inclusive	841

Plan of the inclosures used at the Schoodic salmon breeding establishment Grand	846

R Eckhardt THE EXPERIMNTS IN EPROPAGATING THE MAIFISCH ALOSA VULGARIS	853

Fred Mather THE EXPERIMENT OF TRANSPORTING TURBOT AND SOLE FROM ENGLAND	867

Karl Möbius HOW CAN THE CULTIVATION OF THE OYSTER ESPECIALLY ON THE GER	875

OBSERVATIONS WITH THE CASELLAMILLER DEEPSEA THERMOMETER By Commander L	887

The movements of the schools of menhaden	888

John Gamgee ON ARTIFICIAL REFRIGERATION By John Gamgee London England	901

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Report on the Condition of the Sea Fisheries of the South Coast of ..., Մաս 5
United States. Bureau of Fisheries
Ամբողջությամբ դիտվող - 1879

Common terms and phrases

50 bbls abundant alewife ammonia appear April arrive August average bait bbls bluefish boats bone Boothbay Boston reports Brevoortia buyers Cape Hatteras Capt catch caught cent coast of Maine Commission Conn Connecticut dealers December Distance from snout dorsal eggs export factories fathoms feet fertilizers fish guano fish scrap fishermen gallons of oil Gallup gill-nets Greenport inches Island Sound January July June large number last week length Long Island Long Island Sound lots mackerel Maddocks manufacture manure Mass Menhaden oil miles Mossbunker Narragansett Bay nitrogen North November October Oil and Guano Oil Company Pemaquid phosphoric acid pogies potash pounds private terms quantity River Round Pond salmon schools season seen seines September shad shore sold Somers Point South Bristol spawn species steamers Steamship superphosphate supply surface swim taken temperature Tiverton tons vessels vicinity winter Wood's Holl yield York young fish

Բիբլիոգրաֆիական տվյալներ

Վերնագիր	Report on the Condition of the Sea Fisheries of the South Coast of New England
Հեղինակ	United States. Bureau of Fisheries
Հրատարակիչ	U.S. Government Printing Office, 1879
Original from	Հարվարդի համալսարան
Digitized	19 Սեպտեմբեր 2008

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