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principal works were published. In 1566 he repaired to Turin to lecture in the university, and in 1567 returned to France, fixing his residence at Valence. In June, 1576, he finally returned to Bourges, which he never afterward quitted. The latter part of his life was clouded by domestic cares and by the distress of mind which the unhappy condition of his country created. After the assassination of Henry III., the league, who were powerful in Bourges, endeavored to extort from Cujas a written opinion in favor of the claims of Cardinal Bourbon to the succession. At considerable personal risk he opposed the demand, exclaiming: "It is not for me to corrupt the laws of my country." He died soon after, broken-hearted, it is supposed, at the evils which preyed upon France. The jurisconsults of Europe agree in considering him the greatest, as he was among the first of modern interpreters of the civil law. Beside the Institutes, Pandects, &c., of Justinian, he published, with explanations, a part of the Theodosian code, and the Basilica, a Greek version of the laws of Justinian, and commentaries on the Consuetudines Feudorum, and on some books of the Decretals. His "Observations and Corrections," extending not merely to books of law, but to a number of Greek and Latin authors, have been of great value to philologists. The edition of Fabrot (Paris, 10 vols. folio) was the first complete collection of his writings; but the reprints at Naples in 1757, and at Venice and Modena in 1758-'82, in 11 vols. folio, contain important additions. Cujas was not less distinguished as a teacher than as a writer.

CULDEES, a religious fraternity who at one time were spread over the greater part of Great Britain and Ireland. The origin of the name is uncertain, some deriving it from the Celtic cylle, a cell, and dee, house, and others from the Latin cultor Dei, worshipper of God. Their history has been raised to importance by certain modern writers, who claim that in the 2d or 3d century they were the priests of a Scottish Christian church which had no bishops, and resembled the Presbyterian organization. It is not known when the order became extinct.

CULLEN, PAUL, an Irish Catholic prelate, archbishop of Dublin, born about 1805. He studied theology in Italy, received orders, and for 15 years held an office in the chancery of the Vatican which gave him direction of the ecclesiastical affairs of his native country. He was also for some time rector of the Irish college at Rome. On the death of Dr. Crolly, archbishop of Armagh, in 1849, the suffragan bishops failed to agree in nominating his successor, and Pius IX. therefore conferred this dignity upon Dr. Cullen, with the rank of primate of Ireland and apostolic delegate. He was consecrated Feb. 24, 1850, and soon became conspicuous by his hostility to the system of mixed education which prevailed in the Irish schools, and his support of the scheme for founding a Catholic university at Dublin. To further the latter ob

ject, in obedience to the instructions of the pope, he called a synod at Thurles, which took such measures that the university was soon established. In March, 1852, Dr. Cullen was transferred to the diocese of Dublin. He thus ceased to be primate, but his title of apostolic delegate was renewed for life, which places him at the head of the Irish clergy. A curious work against the Copernican system, maintaining on theological grounds that the earth is the immovable centre of the universe, has been atributed to him, it is said, without reason.

CULLEN, WILLIAM, a Scottish physician, born in Hamilton, Lanarkshire, April 15, 1710, died near Edinburgh, Feb. 5, 1790. He studied medicine at the university of Glasgow, and at the same time served an apprenticeship to a surgeon apothecary of that place. At the age of 19 he procured the berth of surgeon on a merchant ship engaged in the West India trade, and in 1732 returned to Scotland and commenced his professional labors in the parish of Shotts. After several years of practice and study he entered into a partnership with William Hunter, afterward celebrated as a comparative anatomist, by the terms of which they were each to spend a winter alternately at some medical school, while the other remained in charge of the business in the country. In 1741 Hunter repaired to London for the purpose of study, and having with the consent of Cullen settled there, the partnership terminated. In 1745 Cullen took up his residence in Glasgow, and in the succeeding year commenced a course of lectures in the university on the theory and practice of medicine. In 1751 he became professor of medicine, and lectured on chemistry, materia medica, and botany, giving much attention to the application of chemistry to agriculture and the useful arts. In 1756 he removed to Edinburgh to assume the chair of chemistry. He continued to be connected with the university until his death, and for nearly 34 years lectured with great reputation on chemistry, materia medica, and the theory and practice of medicine. He also delivered several series of clinical lectures at the royal infirmary. He possessed in a rare degree the faculty of presenting an abstract subject in a clear and attractive light, and his lectures, which were nearly extemporaneous, seldom failed to excite the interest, and even the enthusiasm, of his pupils. As an illustration of this, it is stated that the class in materia medica, which under the former professor, Alston, a man of great learning, had not exceeded 8 or 10 in number, was at once increased by Cullen to over 100. His works are: "First Lines of the Practice of Physic," containing his system of the nature and cure of diseases, which superseded that of Boerhaave; "Institutions of Medicine;" Synopsis Nosologia Methodica; a "Treatise of the Materia Medica;" and some minor miscellaneous publications. The first of these was translated into several languages, and went through many editions. His clinical lectures were also published after

his death, probably from notes taken by one of his pupils.

CULLODEN HOUSE, a family seat in Inverness, Scotland, which gave its name to the battle that ended the career of the pretender in the rebellion of 1745. The English troops were led by the duke of Cumberland; the highlanders were commanded by Charles Edward in person. The prince's army was composed of highlanders; he was almost destitute of artillery, in which arm the enemy were very powerful. The wild, undisciplined courage of the highlanders was vainly opposed to the discipline and cannon of the regulars. After a desperate attack and great carnage on both sides, the English troops stood firm, and the highlanders, unsupported and unofficered, broke and fled in all directions. The battle was fought on Drummossie moor, April 16, 1746.

CULLOMA, or COLUMA, a post town of California, and formerly the capital of El Dorado co.; pop. in 1852, 2,000. It is situated on the south fork of American river, and on the road from Sacramento City to Nevada. In the vicinity are a number of saw mills, one of which, called Sutter's mill, is memorable as the spot where gold was first discovered in California.

CULM, or KULM (Polish, Chelmno), a district and city in the Prussian province of West Prussia, in a very fertile region. The city is situated on a branch of the Vistula; pop. 7,800. It was founded by the knights of the cross in 1230, and became the residence of a bishop. It was under Polish sovereignty from 1454 to 1772, when it was given to Prussia by the first division of Poland. The inhabitants, of German origin, had their chartered city rights, copied from those of Magdeburg, collected and revised as early as 1394, which was ever recognized in old Prussia under the name of Culmer Handfeste, or Jus Culmense.

CULM, in Bohemia. See KULM. CULMINATION, the passage of a star over the meridian, that is, over the highest point of its diurnal path. Metaphorically the term is used of any thing attaining its highest state of development.

CULNA, a town in British India, in the district of Burdwan, lieutenant-governorship of Bengal, lat. 23° 14' N., long. 88° 20′ E., pop. 60,000, on the right bank of the river Hoogly, 26 m. E. of the city of Burdwan, a station for steamers plying between Calcutta and the upper provinces, and long noted for its trade in rice, grain, silk, and cotton. It is the station of the Free church mission, and has an English school containing about 120 boys.-There is a town of the same name, lat 23° 13′, long. 89° 42', in the dis

trict of Jessore.

CULPEPPER, a N. E. central co. of Va., bordered S. by Rapidan river, N. E. by the N. branch of the Rappahannock, drained in the N. part by Hazel river; area, 673 sq. m.; pop. in 1850, 12,282, of whom 6,683 were slaves. The surface is greatly diversified by hills and valleys, and the soil very productive. The Rappahannock

and Hazel rivers are here navigable, the latter for small boats only. There are one or two mineral springs in the county, but they are yet very little known. Indian corn, wheat, oats, and wool are the staples. In 1850 the productions were 191,395 bushels of wheat, 359,670 of Indian corn, 62,599 of oats, and 45,444 lbs. of wool. There were 17 churches and 488 pupils attending public schools. A number of woollen factories and flour, grist, and saw mills were in operation during that year. Value of real estate in 1856, $3,068,610. The county was formed in 1748, and named from Lord Culpepper, governor of Virginia in 1681. Capital, Fairfax, or Culpepper Court House.

CULPEPPER, JOHN, an early surveyor-general and political leader of the provinces of North and South Carolina, was a refugee from the southern or Clarendon colony, and in 1678 was the head of an insurrection in the northern or Albemarle colony in favor of popular liberty. The navigation acts, by which excessive taxation was imposed on commerce, and an abridgment of political freedom by the "denial of a free election of an assembly," were the chief grievances. Under his direction, the people deposed the president and deputies of the proprietaries, seized the public funds, appointed new magistrates and judges, called a parliament, and took all the functions of government into their own hands. The insurgents, having completed their institutions, sent Culpepper to England to negotiate a compromise. He was indicted for high treason, but through the influence of Shaftesbury he was acquitted on the ground that no regular government had existed in Albemarle. He returned to Carolina, and in 1680 laid out the city of Charleston, reducing the paths, streets, and squares to comparative regularity, and enclosing the town site with a line of fortifications.

CULPEPPER, THOMAS, lord, governor of Virginia from 1680 to 1683, died in 1719. Under his administration an act was passed to encourage emigration by enabling the governor to naturalize any person by instrument under his seal; also an act of indemnity for all offences committed in the rebellion under Gov. Berkeley, and one to prevent the frequent meeting of slaves. He was one of the grantees of the territory of Virginia, and in the year 1669 purchased of his co-grantees their rights to the country lying between the Rappahannock and Potomac rivers.

CULTIVATOR, in England, an implement used after the plough, preparatory to planting; in the United States, an implement for the same purpose, and also for scarifying the earth between the rows of growing plants, and turning it either to or from them, as desired. In the former country all implements for the latter purpose are called horse hoes. The American classification originated in our early manufacturers so constructing their patterns that the same implement could be used for both purposes. Some leading manufacturers are now,

however, advertising gang cultivators, cultivators, and horse hoes; the office of the first being limited to that of the English cultivator, the second being for operation both before and after planting, and the third for the latter purpose only. But, as other manufacturers apply these terms almost indiscriminately, while the New York state agricultural society awarded a premium to an implement in 1854 as the best cultivator, and again to the same implement in 1856 as the best horse hoe, there seems to be, as yet, no distinctive adherence to names, and no proper uniformity of classification. Cultivators, in a general description, are combined modifications of the plough and harrow. In England they are usually made with rectangular frames, constructed on 3 or 4 wheels, and provided with a series of complex levers, by which they can be raised or lowered for greater or less penetration of the teeth or shares below the surface. They are made of two classes, called grubbers and scarifiers, or cultivators; the first class being for cleansing the earth of roots and weeds, and the second for dividing and pulverizing, without any particular overturning like that given by the plough. The teeth of the former may be compared to fork tines, and of the latter to bent coulters, with small double mouldboards. In the United states there seems, however, to be an increasing desire to have cultivators overturn as well as scarify the earth, and hence the introduction of the gang cultivator, as above classified. This implement consists of a line of small steel ploughs, attached to a beam which passes over the ground at such an angle to the line of draught that each plough turns over and pulverizes some 7 inches of earth from the land side of the preceding one. This beam is fastened to the draught beam, which is armed in front with a coulter, and behind with a double-share cultivator tooth, which serves to balance the implement as it does its work. American cultivators, for the double purpose above described, are either triangular or rectangular frames, with a greater or less number of properly shaped and arranged mouldboard-like teeth, and with their centre beams projecting in front for the proper attachment of wheels and draught clevises. They have handles like those of a plough, and their several beams are so connected by joints that their widths can be increased or diminished as they are required for working between drills or before planting. Horse hoes, according to the above classification,differ from cultivators chiefly in the form and arrangement of their teeth, which, having to operate in ground grown more or less hard between the time of planting and that of the first hoeing, have more of a cutting form, while they can be adjusted to turn the earth from the plants when these are young and tender, and toward them when demanded by a more advanced growth. Horse hoes in the United States are single implements, while in England they are generally constructed to work between a number of rows of plants at the same time;

their use in the former country being chiefly for the culture of potatoes and Indian corn, the rows of which are at wide distances. So great is the public sense of the recently discovered importance of a thorough and repeated pulverization of the soil for the easier and more effective operation of those forces by which the various necessary gases are carried to the roots of plants, and for the proper decomposition of humus and the manures, that these implements are now made in all parts of the country; one house alone making 4,000 of them in one season, while another, which confines its operations chiefly to making the teeth of the implement for some of the various smaller establishments, sold 40,000 of these between Feb. and Aug. 1857.

CULVERIN (Fr. couleuvrine, from Lat. colubrinus, serpent-like), a long and slender piece of ordnance, equal to an 18-pounder, and carrying a ball to a great distance.

CULVERT, an arched channel for the conveyance of water under ground. Channels of this description are very common in the embankments of railways and canals.

CULVERT, GEORGE, a head chief and warrior of the Choctaw nation, born in 1744, died at Fort Towson, Ark., Nov. 1839, served under Washington in the revolution, and from him received a commission of major of militia in the U. S. service and a sword. He served under Wayne, and also under Jackson against the Seminoles in 1814. For his bravery, Jackson presented him with a colonel's commission, and afterward (during his presidency) with a sword. He educated his sons and established them on plantations among his people.

CUMÆ, or CUMA, one of the most ancient and celebrated of the Greek cities of Italy, situated on the Campanian shore a little N. of Baiæ. It is said to have been founded by a joint colony from Eolian Cyme and Euboean Chalcis. The time of its foundation is uncertain, but of its extreme antiquity there can be no doubt, for it was in the zenith of its prosperity and power, ruling over the Campanian plain and the Tyrrhenian sea, while Rome was yet in its infancy. Cuma was the mother of many famous and flourishing colonies in Italy and Sicily; and of the extent of its commerce and opulence, before the establishment of the Etruscan supremacy, the harbors of Dicæarchia and Misenum were splendid evidences. As the Etruscans became powerful, however, the Cumans declined, first losing their maritime superiority, then the dominion of the Campanian plain, and ultimately every thing without their city walls. After being thus stripped of their possessions, and when beleaguered both by sea and land by their victorious foes, they applied to Hiero of Syracuse for succor, and by means of the auxiliaries he sent them they were enabled to defeat their enemies once more, and to secure themselves from attack for many years. But the warlike Samnites, after wresting all their southern conquests from the Etruscans, laid siege to Cuma, took

it, 420 B. C., put most of the male inhabitants to the sword, or sold them as slaves, and planted a colony of their own countrymen in the captured city. In 338 B. C. Cuma became a Roman municipium. During the second Punic war Hannibal besieged it in vain. During the wars of the Goths and Byzantines Cuma acquired a temporary importance as the last stronghold of the Gothic kings in Italy. After its capture, however, by the army of the victorious Narses (A. D. 552), it rapidly sunk into insignificance. Some remains of the city are still to be traced on the Mediterranean shore. A cavern in the rock on which the acropolis stood is still pointed out as the place where the famous sibyl resided and uttered her oracles. In 1853 the prince of Syracuse discovered there a magnificent temple of Diana; and over 150 tombs were explored in the same year, resulting in the discovery of a great variety of antiquarian treasures. An interesting paper on the waxen heads found in one of the tombs was read, May 28, 1856, before the London archeological association, by Mr. Pettigrew, who exhibited a glass vase, a tooth comb, and other antiquities obtained there by Mr. Wansey, who had attended the prince of Syracuse in some of his excavations.

CUMANA, a province of Venezuela, comprising part of the region sometimes called New Andalusia, bounded N. by the Caribbean sea, E. by the gulf of Paria, S. by the Orinoco, and W. by the province of Barcelona; area, 17,309 sq. m.; pop. in 1846, 75,828. A range of mountains crosses it parallel with the sea, and sends off several ridges toward the south. These hills are steep, but not very high, and covered with dense forests. The valleys and plains, watered by many rivers, the chief of which are the Cari, Mamo, Limones, Guaraco, Guarapichi, Manzanares, and Cariaco, and dotted over with lakes, produce excellent pasturage, sugar, and grain. The peninsula of Araya, on the N. coast, has been noted for several centuries for the production of salt, the consumption of which in Barcelona for curing provisions amounts to about 1,200,000 lbs. per annum, of which is obtained from Araya. The principal exports are dried fish, salted meat, hides, cotton, cocoa, and medicinal plants. CUMANA, or NEW TOLEDO, the capital of the above province, is situated near the mouth of the gulf of Cariaco and on the river Manzanares, 1 m. from the sea; lat. 10° 27' 52" N., long. 64° 4' 47" W.; pop. about 12,000. It is defended by the fortress of San Antonio, built on a rocky eminence, on which are also the ruins of the castle of Santa Maria. It has an excellent port, capable of receiving all the navies of Europe, but its shipping is insignificant. It has suffered too severely from earthquakes to present much architectural beauty. On Oct. 21, 1766, severe shocks destroyed the entire city in the space of a few minutes; and a similar visitation, Dec. 14, 1797, laid of the town in ruins. The climate is exceedingly hot, the temperature from June to October reaching 90° and 95° F. during the day, and seldom fall

ing below 80° at night. Cumana was founded by Diego Castellon in 1523. It has 3 suburbs, the aggregate population of which nearly equals that of the city itself.

CUMANIA, GREAT and LITTLE, two districts of Hungary.-GREAT CUMANIA (Hung. Nagy Kunság), in the circle "beyond the Theiss," consists of a low plain, subject to frequent inundations from the rivers, and occupied to a great extent by swamps; area, 424 sq. m.; pop. about 55,000, of whom the majority are Protestants. Cumania differs from most Hungarian districts in having no large land-owners, or feudal lords. The inhabitants, before the revolution of 1848, had a government of their own, and sent representatives to the Hungarian diet. They are a robust, plain, and patriotic people, fond of rural pursuits, and moderately wealthy.-LITTLE CUMANIA (Hung. Kis Kunság) consists of several detached portions of land in the circle "this side the Theiss," and is more than twice as large as Great Cumania, having an aggregate area of about 1,000 sq. m.; pop. about 64,000. In physical aspect, general characteristics, and the condition of its inhabitants, it closely resembles Great Cumania.-Both districts have their name from settlements of Cumani, a people of Tartar race, who from the 11th to the 14th century acted a conspicuous part in the history of the nations of eastern Europe.

CUMBERLAND, the name of counties in several of the United States. I. A S. W. co. of Maine, area about 990 sq. m., bordering on the Atlantic, and bounded on the N. E. by the Androscoggin river; pop. in 1850, 68,892. The coast is indented by a number of bays, the principal of which, Casco bay, affords facilities for navigation and the fisheries hardly surpassed on the Atlantic coast. The surface of the county is pleasantly diversified by several small lakes or ponds. From Sebago pond, the largest of these, a canal has been opened to the ocean. The soil is fertile and well cultivated. In 1850 it produced 233,870 bushels of corn, 266,586 of potatoes, 180,465 of oats, and 94,535 tons of hay. There were 134 churches, and 22,724 pupils attending public schools. Capital, Portland. II. A S. W. co. of N. J., area 480 sq. m., bounded S. W. by Delaware bay, and E. by Tuckahoe creek; pop. in 1855, 18,966. With the exception of some ranges of hills between the streams, the surface is generally level. East of Cohansey creek, which intersects the county, the soil is light, sandy, and overgrown with pine forests; west of the creek it is composed of clay and sandy loam. Marl is obtained in this part, and Greenwich township has some mines of iron. In 1850 the productions were 370,267 bushels of corn, 78,000 of wheat, 84,408 of oats, 116,144 of potatoes, 21,795 tons of hay, and 174,802 lbs. of butter. There were 40 churches, and 4,215 pupils attending public schools. This county was formed in 1748, out of a part of Salem county. Capital, Bridgeton. III. A S. E. co. of Penn., area 545 sq. m., lying chiefly within the Kittatinny or Cum

berland valley, between Blue and South mountains; pop. in 1850, 34,327. The Susquehan na river flows along its eastern boundary, and Conedogwinit creek intersects it. Limestone of superior quality exists here in profusion, and iron ore has been found in some places. The soil is remarkably rich, and agriculture is in a very forward state. The productions in 1850 were 487,182 bushels of wheat, 361,166 of corn, 422,100 of oats, 31,788 tons of hay, and 782,587 Ibs. of butter. There were 40 flour and grist mills, 17 saw mills, numerous founderies and factories of various kinds, 5 newspaper offices, 74 churches, and 8,887 pupils attending public schools. Organized in 1750, and named from Cumberland county, England. Capital, Carlisle. IV. A S. E. co. of Va.; area, 310 sq. m.; pop. in 1850, 9,751, of whom 6,329 were slaves. The surface is moderately uneven, and the soil was originally productive, but now in some places worn out. The principal rivers are the Appomattox, which forms its S. E. boundary, James river, which flows along its N. frontier, and Willis river, which intersects it. In 1850 it yielded 118,616 bushels of wheat, 220,535 of corn, and 2,476,135 lbs. of tobacco. There were 16 churches, and 275 pupils attending public schools. Value of real estate in 1856, $2,043,148. The county was formed from Goochland in 1748. Capital, Cumberland Court House. V. A S. central co. of N. C.; area estimated at 1,680 sq. m.; pop. in 1850, 20,610, of whom 7,217 were slaves. It is intersected by Cape Fear river, and in great measure occupied by vast forests of pitch pine. Large quantities of turpentine and lumber are obtain ed from these forests, and exported by means of steamboats down Cape Fear river. The soil is generally good, and the surface considerably diversified. About of the county lies within the hilly and granite region of North Carolina; the remainder is low and level. Several plank roads have recently been built in different parts, and by the facilities which they present for the transportation of the produce of the interior, have contributed greatly to the prosperity of the county. In 1850 the harvest amounted to 376,843 bushels of corn, 142,396 of sweet pota toes, and 156 bales of cotton. Organized in 1754. Capital, Fayetteville. VI. A S. co. of Ky., bordering on Tenn., bisected by Cumberland river (from which it is named); area, about 375 sq. m.; pop. in 1850, 7,005, of whom 1,485 were slaves. The surface is hilly near the river, and the soil of moderate fertility. Productions in 1850, 7,850 bushels of wheat, 434,340 of corn, 30,020 of oats, and 1,288,802 lbs. of tobacco. Number of pupils in the public schools, 1,552. There is a remarkable "oil spring" near the river. Capital, Burksville. VII. An E. co. of Ill.; area, 310 sq. m.; pop. in 1855, 6,099. It is intersected by Embarras river, and diversified by forests and prairies. The soil is fertile, and in 1850 produced 217,015 bushels of corn, 5,122 of wheat, and 33,906 of oats. There were 2 churches. Capital, Greenup.

CUMBERLAND, a river of Ky. and Tenn., rising in the Cumberland mountains, near the S. E. boundary of Ky., flowing W. and S. W., and entering Tenn. between Jackson and Overton counties. After a circuit of nearly 250 m. through middle Tenn., it makes a bend to the N. W., recrosses the Ky. border about 10 m. from the Tenn. river, and runs nearly parallel with that stream until it joins the Ohio at Smithland. Its whole course is estimated at over 600 m. At high water it is navigable by steamboats to Nashville, 200 m. from its mouth, and by small boats for a distance of nearly 500 m. Not far from Williamsburg, in Kentucky, it has a remarkable vertical fall of 60 feet. It drains an area of about 17,000 sq. m.

CUMBERLAND, a thriving town and capital of Alleghany co., Md., on the left bank of the Potomac river, and on the Baltimore and Ohio railroad; pop. in 1850, 6,073. It is the W. terminus of the Chesapeake and Ohio canal, and the E. terminus of the national road. A few miles west of the town, upon the summit of the Alleghanies, commences the district known as the Cumberland coal region, which extends west to the Ohio river. The mines of the eastern portion produce an excellent quality of semi-bituminous coal, and are worked by several mining companies. In 1857 the quantity sent to market was 612,291 tons. Iron ores in the same region, and others of the older formations nearer Cumberland, have given support to a few blast furnaces. The town contains the county buildings, several churches, 3 newspaper offices, 1 bank, and 1 savings institution; has an excellent trade, and next to Baltimore is the largest town in the state.

CUMBERLAND, a N. W. co. of Nova Scotia, bordering on Northumberland strait, and partly separated from New Brunswick by Chignecto bay; area, 1,020 sq. m.; pop. in 1851, 14,339. Its coasts are marked by an immense number of small bays and good harbors. The surface inland is rough and mountainous. The wealth of the county consists principally in coal mines, which are very extensive and among the most valuable in Nova Scotia. The North American mining company annually obtains from these beds large quantities of excellent bituminous coal. Gypsum is also found, and grindstones are made from the rock which underlies the surface. Capital, Amherst.

CUMBERLAND, a N. co. of England, separated from Scotland by Solway frith and the Esk and Liddle rivers, and bounded W. by the Irish sea; area, 1,565 sq. m., or 1,001,600 acres, of which are under cultivation; pop. in 1851, 195,492. The surface of the N. and N. W. parts is low and flat or gently undulating; the midland districts are traversed by hills, and the E. and S. W. parts are occupied by lofty mountains, among which are the famous summits of Skiddaw (3,020 feet above the sea), Saddleback (2,787 feet), and Helvellyn (3,055 feet). In this picturesque district are lakes Ulls-water, Thirlmere, Bassenthwaite, Derwent-water, But

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