THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY

AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE--Continued

Date and number

Subject

Page

1931 Oct. 1

101

Oct. 2 (687)

102

Oct. 2

102

Oct. 2 (691)

104

Oct. 2

106

Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State

Denial by Japanese Ambassador of censorship of com-
munications from Manchuria, of bombing of trains, or incit-
ing of Separatist movement; assertion that only "dispatch
line'' was out of commission at R. C. A, station.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Lt. Brown, Mukden: Report that occupation is es-
sentially unchanged, that Japanese treat with prominence
Chinese move for provisional government; that normal
economic conditions are not in evidence.
Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs

of a Conversation With Colonel Manton Davis of the Radio

Corporation of America
Information from Colonel Davis that Japanese have de-
manded a copy of the R. C. A.-Chinese contract for the opera-
tion of the station at Mukden and intend to operate it them-
selves; request of Colonel Davis for advice.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Nanking: Consul General's conversations with T. V.
Soong and the Acting Foreign Minister; their opinion that
China would treat directly with Japan if all Japanese troops
were withdrawn to the railway zone.
From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the

Chinese Legation
Report that Japan, making use of an organization formed
by Yuan Chin-kai, is inciting Manchuria to set up an in-
dependent government.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

Information from Mukden that Japanese are misrepresent-
ing situation, that Yuan Chin-kai has refused to organize inde-
pendent government, and that Japanese purpose is to eliminate
Chang Hsueh-liang's influence.
From the Consul General at Mukden (tel.)

Information that Japanese report radio station undamaged
but have not reestablished service in spite of representations.
To the Chargé in Japan (tel.)

Instructions to confer with Foreign Office concerning the
reopening of the radio station.
Memorandum by the Secretary of State

Conversation with the Japanese Ambassador, who was
informed of the reports from Mukden on the government situa-
tion and of the Chinese willingness to negotiate when the
Japanese withdrew to the railway zone; Secretary's opinion
that they should get out at once,
To the Minister in China (tel.)

Instructions to inform Chinese Government of the observa-
tion tour to be made by Hanson and Salisbury.

Oct. 2 (693)

106

Oct. 3

107

Oct. 3 (181)

107

Oct. 3

108

Oct. 3 (358)

109

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY

AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and number

Subject

Page

1931 Oct. 3 (182)

110

Oct. 3 (63)

110

111

Oct. 4 (697)

112

Oct. 4 (698)

Oct. 4

112

112

Oct. 5 (702)

To the Chargé in Japan (tel.)

Account of morning conversation with the Japanese Ambas-
sador and instructions to pursue same viewpoint with
Shidebara.
To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Instructions to inform Drummond of observation tour to
be made by Hanson and Salisbury.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

From the Acting Foreign Minister in Nanking: Invitation
to the United States, as to other powers, to send representa-
tives to Manchuria to collect information on the progress of
evacuation,
From the Minister in China (tel.)

Transmittal to Nanking of Department's instructions (con-
tained in telegram No. 358, October 3), with instructions to
avoid giving the impression that the tour of observation is in
answer to Chinese request.
From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the

Chinese Legation
Report of Chinese arrangements for receipt of vacated terri-
tory and preservation of order.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Mukden: Entrance of Japanese into Newchwang
following bandit attack.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Nanking: Summary of assertions by Chairman of
Foreign Affairs Committee that Japanese military planned
occupation to regain popular favor in Japan and will not with-
draw before October 14.
From the Chargé in Japan (tel.)

Conversation with Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs, who
gave the impression that Japanese are awaiting word from
Chinese before acting in Manchuria, that withdrawal of troops
depends upon Chinese safety guarantees, and that Japanese
business interests in China are suffering.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

Discussion by Chiefs of Missions of Chinese request for
foreign observers.
To the Minister in China (tel.)

Reply for Acting Foreign Minister (substance printed) that
the United States has already arranged for two officers to
observe and report on developments.
To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Gratification over Council's obtaining consent of Japan
and China to its resolution of September 30; reiteration of
U. S. interest and promise to cooperate as much as possible.

113

Oct. 5 (703)

Oct. 5 (175)

113

115

Oct. 5 (707)

115

Oct. 5 (361)

116

Oct. 5

(64)

687122-46-VOL. III

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS

OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY

AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and number

Subject

Page

1931 Oct. 5 (362)

117

118

Oct. 5 (363) Oct. 5 (454)

118

126

Oct. 6 (708)

Oct. 6

127

Oct. 6

127

To the Minister in China (tel.)

Instructions for Nanking to inform T. V. Soong and Vice Minister Lee of attention given situation by the Department, of its cooperation with the League so far as possible, and of its gratification for September 30 resolution.

(Sent also to the Embassy in Japan.)
To the Minister in China (tel.)

Instructions for the Minister to proceed to Nanking.
From the Consul General at Mukden

Report of the effects of the Japanese occupation on Ameri-
can interests in Manchuria.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Nanking: Statement by Soong (text printed) indicating
that Japan is maintaining troops outside railway zone at any
excuse and hopes for pretext to extend occupation, and express-
ing hope that United States may act to ensure withdrawal of
Japanese troops.
From the American Consul General at Mukden to the Japanese

Consul General at Mukden
Request for adequate protection of Americans against
banditry.
From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to

the Chinese Legation
Arrival of a fleet of Japanese warships at Shanghai and
report of more to come.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Nanking: Report of Japanese demand that Chinese
stop boycott or Japan will adopt forcible measures.
From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Drummond's hope for presence of more Foreign Ministers
at a possible Council meeting, October 14; reference to Sze's
desire to use the term "reestablishment of the status quo ante"
and other demands for settling Manchurian controversy; specu-
lation on procedure should Japan prove recalcitrant.
From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Request by Drummond for differentiation between informa-
tion meant by the Department only for him and information
intended for Council members.
From the Vice Consul at Harbin (tel.)

Report from Hanson of Chinese killed and wounded and
of the control of Chinese and Chinese Eastern Railway police
by Japanese gendarmes.
Memorandum by the Under Secretary of State

Conversation with Japanese Ambassador, who denied that
Japan would retaliate for the boycott; expression of concern by
the Under Secretary over increasing tenseness of the situation.

128

Oct. 7 (719)

128

Oct. 7 (160)

130

Oct. 7 (161)

Oct. 7

132

Oct. 7

132

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY

AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE_Continued

Date and number

Subject

Page

1931 Oct. 7 (723)

134

135

Oct. 7 (364)

136

Oct. 7

(67)

136

Oct. 7 (365)

136

Oct. 7 (724)

Oct. 8

137

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Nanking: Assertions by Soong and statement (text
printed) of control in Japan by the military and its intentions
in Manchuria; opinion that Japan would not oppose a firm
U. S. attitude; hope for U. S. stand to bring withdrawal of
troops.
To the Minister in China (tel.)

Information that representations have been made to Japan
concerning radio station. Instructions for Mukden to report
everything pertinent and act only on instructions.
To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Instructions to inform Drummond of text of Department's
No. 64, October 5.
To the Minister in China (tel.)

Instructions to inform Soong that his communications are
receiving careful consideration and that Department feels
Japan and China should now be given an opportunity to carry
out their commitments.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

Report of potentialities of the situation and of danger of
some incident resulting in Japanese move in Yangtze Valley;
suggestion of pressure on Tokyo to relieve present conditions
and restore Chinese control in Manchuria.
Memorandum by the Chief of the Division of Far Eastern Affairs

Conversation of the Secretary and the Chinese Chargé in
which Secretary stated Department's position and stressed the
fact that its action was not to take sides but to proceed along
the lines most conducive to the keeping of peace.
Memorandum by the Chief of the

Division of Far Eastern

Affairs
of a Conversation with the Counselor of the British Embassy
Discussion of Chinese request for observers in Manchuria;
Counselor's opinion that his Government wanted to send
observers for its own information.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

Report from Hanson and Salisbury at Changchun of the
fighting at Nanling and Kuanchengtze on September 19, and
at Kirin-Changchun Railway powerhouse on September 30;
review of resulting situations.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Nanking: Information that report of Japan's inten-
tions to land forces and bombard Nanking is taken seriously by
Chinese Government; request for information.
To the Minister in China (tel.)

Reply for Nanking that Japanese Ambassador stated it was
unthinkable that Japan would bombard Nanking.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Young Marshal's office: Report of bombing of Chin-
chow by Japanese airplanes.

Oct. 8

139

140

Oct. 8 (727)

143

Oct. 8 (728)

THE FAR EASTERN CRISIS OCCUPATION OF MANCHURIA BY JAPAN, BEGINNING OF JAPANESE MILITARY

AGGRESSION, AND EFFORTS OF THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER POWERS TO PRESERVE PEACE-Continued

Date and number

Subject

Page

1931 Oct. 9 (733)

144

144

Oct. 9 (734)

144

Oct. 9 (165)

Oct. 9 (166)

145

146

Oct. 9 (70)

From the Minister in China (tel.)

From Mukden: Dispatch of planes to Chinchow by Japa-
nese commander in chief with leaflets containing virtual ulti-
matum to Chinchow Government.
From the Minister in China (tel.)

Message from Nanking that Department's message of Octo-
ber 5 (telegram No. 362) was delivered to Acting Foreign
Minister Lee, who seemed reassured and said he would inform
the special diplomatic commission.
From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Request by Sze, in the light of further Japanese provoca-
tions, for a meeting of the Council prior to October 14; Drum-
mond's hesitancy in view of conflicting reports and the lack
of "neutral” information,
From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Drummond's proposal to send identic telegrams to Japan
and China reminding them of their commitments in the hope
that publicity of these will quiet Chinese public opinion;
Drummond's belief that an earlier meeting of the Council wilí.
be held and his desire for "neutral” information,
To the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Instructions to inform Drummond that the Secretary trusts
he intends to advise calling the meeting of the Council.
To the Minister in China (tel.)

Instructions to inform Nanking of Secretary's conversation
with Chinese Chargé, October 8.
From the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs at Nanking to the

Chinese Legation
Report of Japanese airplane attack on Chinchow, provincial
capital since the occupation of Mukden.
From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Text of identic telegrams from the Council to China and
Japan.
From the Chargé in Japan (tel.).

Conversation with the Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs,
who stated that Japanese Government has addressed a noté
to Nanking Government in view of treatment of Japanese in
China, and is dispatching two cruisers to the Yangtze.
From the Consul at Geneva (tel.)

Information that Council will meet on October 13, probably
with Reading and Briand attending.
From

the Japanese Consul General at Mukden to the American

Consul General at Mukden
Information that Japanese military authorities have been
requested to furnish adequate protection to American interests.

146

Oct. 9 (372)

Oct. 9

147

147

Oct. 9 (167)

147

Oct. 9 (179)