company, Tobias Salander, doctor of physic, had his pocket picked of his purse, with nine crowns du foleil, which without doubt was fo cleverly taken from him, by an Englishman, who always kept very close to him, that the doctor did not in the least perceive it.

The Castle, or Tower of London, called Bringwin, and Tourgwin, in Welsh, from its whitenefs, is encompaffed by a very deep and broad ditch, as well as a double wall very high. In the middle of the whole is that very antient and very ftrong tower, enclofed with four others, which, in the opinion of fome, was built by Julius Cæfar. Upon entering the tower, we were obliged to quit our fwords at the gate, and deliver them to the guard. When we were introduced, we were fhewn above a hundred pieces of arras belonging to the crown, made of gold, filver, and filk; feveral faddles covered with velvet of different colours; an immenfe quantity of bed-furniture, fuch as canopies, and the like, fome of them moft richly ornamented with pearl; fome royal dreffes, fo extremely magnificent, ás to raise any one's admiration at the fums they must have coft. We were next led into the armoury, in which are these particularities: fpears, out of which you may fhoot; fhields, that will give fire four times; a great many rich halberds, commonly called partuifans, with which the guard defend the royal person in battle; some lances, covered with red and green velvet, and the body-armour of

Henry VIII.; many, and very beautiful arms, as well for men, as for horfes in horse-fights; the lance of Charles Brandon duke of Suffolk, three spans thick; two pieces of cannon, the one fires three, the other feven balls at a time; two others made of wood, which the English had at the fiege of Boulogne, in France. And by this stratagem, without which they could not have fucceeded, they ftruck a terror into the inhabitants, as at the appearance of artillery, and the town was furrendered upon articles; nineteen cannon, of a thicker make than ordinary, and in a room apart; thirty-fix of a smaller; other cannon for chain-fhot; and balls proper to bring down mafts of fhips. Cross-bows, bows and arrows, of which to this day the English make great ufe in their exercises: but who can relate all that is to be seen here? Eight or nine men, employed by the year, are scarce fufficient to keep all the arms bright.

The mint for coining money is in the tower.

N. B. It is to be noted, that when any of the nobility are sent hither, on the charge of high crimes, punishable with death, fuch as treason, &c. they feldom or never recover their liberty. Here was beheaded Anna Bolen, wife of king Henry VIII. and lies buried in the chapel, but without any infcription and queen Elizabeth was kept prisoner here by her fister queen Mary, at whose death fhe was enlarged, and by right called to the throne,

On coming out of the tower, we were led to a fmall house close by, where are kept variety of creatures, viz. three lioneffes, one lion of great fize, called Edward VI. from his having been born. in that reign; a tyger; a lynx; a wolf exceffively old; this is a very scarce animal in England, so that their sheep and cattle ftray about in great numbers, free from any danger, though without any body to keep them; there is befides, a porcupine, and an eagle. All these creatures are kept in a remote place, fitted up for the purpose with wooden lattices at the queen's expence.

Near to this tower, is a large open space: on the highest part of it is erected a wooden fcaffold, for the execution of noble criminals; upon which they say, three princes of England, the last of their families, have been beheaded for high treafon; on the bank of the Thames close by, are a great many cannon, fuch chiefly as are used at sea.

The next thing worthy of note, is the Royal Exchange, so named by queen Elizabeth, built by Sir Thomas Grefham, citizen, for public ornament, and the convenience of merchants. It has a great effect, whether you confider the ftatelinefs of the building, the affemblage of different nations, or the quantities of merchandise. I fhall fay nothing of the hall belonging to the Hans fociety; or of the conveyance of water to all parts of the town by fubterraneous pipes, nor the beautiful conduits

and cifterns for the reception of it; nor of the rifing of water out of the Thames by a wheel, invented a few years fince by a German.

Bridewell, at prefent the house of correction: it was built in fix weeks for the reception of the emperor Charles V.

A Hall, built by a cobler, and bestowed on the city, where are expofed to fale three times in a week, corn, wool, cloth, fruits, and the like.

Without the city are fome Theatres, where English actors represent almost every day tragedies and comedies to very numerous audiences; thefe are concluded with excellent mufic, variety of dances, and the exceffive applause of those that are prefent.

Not far from one of these theatres, which are all built of wood, lies the royal barge, close to the river; it has two fplendid cabins, beautifully ornamented with glafs windows, painting and gilding; it is kept upon dry ground, and sheltered

from the weather.

There is still another place, built in the form of a theatre, which ferves for the baiting of bulls and bears; they are faftened behind, and then worried by great English bull-dogs, but not without great rifque to the dogs, from the horns of the one, and the teeth of the other; and it fometimes hap

pens they are killed upon the spot; fresh ones are immediately supplied in the places of those that are wounded, or tired. To this entertainment, there often follows that of whipping a blinded bear, which is performed by five or fix men, standing circularly with whips, which they exercise upon him without any mercy, as he cannot escape from them because of his chain; he defends himself with all his force and skill, throwing down all who come within his reach, and are not active enough to get out of it, and tearing the whips out of their hands, and breaking them. At these spectacles, and every where elfe, the English are constantly smoaking tobacco; and in this manner; they have pipes on purpose made of clay, into the farther end of which they put the herb, fo dry that it may be rubbed into powder, and putting fire to it, they draw the fmoak into their mouths, which they puff out again, through their noftrils, like funnels, along with it plenty of phlegm and defluxion from the head. In these theatres, fruits, fuch as apples, pears and nuts, according to the season, are carried

about to be fold, as well as ale and wine.

There are fifteen colleges, within and without the city, nobly built, with beautiful gardens adjoining. Of these the three principal are :

I. The Temple, inhabited formerly by the Knights Templars it feems to have taken its name from the old temple, or church, which has a round