liberality and generous largeness in dealing with money. porportionately to the family income, is openly encouraged. There is, indeed, a sort of idiotic wastefulness, by which silly people manage to dribble away vast sums yearly, without anything to show in return--that a parent ought of course to prohibit, by every means in his power. But the general principle remains that a fortune should be earned, and not inherited or saved, and that it should be spent with somewhat of easiness and magnanimity. There is one test which will act as a perfect safeguard against too wide a departure from the rules of prudent economy. So long as debt is abhorred, everything is safe.

The writer of the above possesses practical wisdom and knows how to put it in words. Of course he does not intend to say that one must, as a duty, spend all that he can get, though he does think that "an income may be better spent without too much thought, than if every item is scrutinized, and every penny paid away with a groan." Having quoted, at some length, the practical wis dom of the Review, we give, at the risk of the ire of the ladies, a witty contrast between the habits of men and women :-" The difference between the two sexes may often be stated thus: a man gives two shillings for an eighteen-penny thing he wants, and a woman gives eighteen pence for a two-shilling thing she does not want."

DEAD MEN'S SHOES.

One of the worst mistakes men make is, in leaving gifts and charities to be dispensed after their death; and this applies as well to mere donations as to legacies to children and relatives. In truth, of such a one it may be said, “he heapeth up riches, and knoweth not who shall gather them."

The grasp upon wealth--even with the benevolent-is tight, and, in most cases, death is the only power which can loosen it; but if men would reason upon the subject of their donations, as upon any other business transaction, then the man of moderate wealth would content himself to drop his gifts along the path of life, even if in small sums, rather than risk the danger from squandering of large legacies after his death; and the man of overflowing riches would direct his thousands with his own loving hand, and when his own eye could see that his intentions were not thwarted, nor his benevolence abused.

Rich men, too, make sad errors in regard to their children. It is a very common idea that because the father has toiled early and late for his money, eating the bread of frugality, and wearing the robe of economy, that the son must do likewise, whether he has the disposition or not. The difference in the great facts which underlie the whole being of father and son, are forgotten; to wit, that one was born without wealth, the other was born in affluence. Hence the one felt the entire dependence upon his own exertions, and the other did not.

To this error can be traced the ruin of so many young men, whom the death of a father leaves rolling in wealth. It is bad enough for a boy to have the curse of wealthy parentage upon his birth, but it adds to that curse to keep him waiting for his father's shoes. A division of the wealth with that son, while the father can, at least by his advice, control it, would materially lessen the chances of injury to the child, and bring audible prayers for the preservation of that father's life, rather than secret wishes for his death.

Of this great error in leaving wealth to be distributed after death, the famous MCDONOUGH estate of New Orleans affords a glaring illustration. At McDoN

OUGH's death, his estate was estimated at $5,000,000; now it is estimated at $2,230,000; and it has gone like water through a seive as follows:-Over $250,000 spent in litigation; over $100,000 in charges and commissions; over $500,000 lost in interest and delays; and over $500,000 lost in pillage and decay.

The paper from which we take the statement says:—

Not one dollar of charity had ever yet been received from the estate; not one negro had been sent to Liberia, nor the tears and sorrows of one poor orphan boy ever been assuaged. At every point and in every way, the last will and testament of JOHN MCDONOUGH had been frustrated and thwarted.

SILKS AND SERVANT GIRLS.

A Philadelphia correspondent of the New York Tribune moralizes upon the progress of extravagance in dress among the working female portion of the community. The remedy of restraining women by sumptuary laws is a very old one, leveled at the same evil centuries ago, with very little effect however. People cannot be made prudent, or frugal, or temperate, or wise by law; the press and the schoolmaster are your true repairing agents :

The slaughtering of silk goods at the New York auctions is making the article so cheap and plenty here that our feminines are crowding the retailers' counters more anxiously than ever, to buy not what they want or need, but simply because these trappings are cheap. Looking in at these crowded bazaars, one is struck with the large proportion of servant girls who are spending their money for silks. Indeed, the consumption of these luxuries among this class is enormous. They flaunt in our fashionable thoroughfares in skirts as ample and finery as gaudy as their mistresses. When sickness overtakes them, they are left without a dollar, beggared by the pernicious example set them by their employers. It must be evident that much of the general stagnation of trade is owing to this insane extravagance among American women. Your importers may lose heavily by glutting the country with these superfluities; but let them sell as ruinously low as they may, the country is a greater loser by consuming them. The women of this nation having never yet saved it, we should adopt measures to prevent them from thus destroying it.

THE PRESERVATION OF MILK.

From the Le Genie Industriel we learn that several patents have lately been secured in France by M. NEUNSCHWANDER, for the preservation of milk. The first consists in putting it into bottles immediately after it is drawn, when the bottles are hermetically corked and placed in a vessel containing water of the temperature of about 57° Fah. The water is then made to boil in a close vessel for an hour. The fire is then extinguished, and the vessel opened and suffered to cool for a quarter of an hour. The bottles are now taken from the water and the operation is completed.

For larger amounts, the process is continued longer; thus, for quantities of from ten to twenty quarts, the boiling must be continued from one-and-a-half to two hours, in vessels closely corked and set in a boiler containing water at a temperature of 57°.

A second process is thus conducted :-as soon as the milk is drawn, it is put into a copper boiler lined with tin. It is then set boiling, and as soon as ebullition has fairly commenced, it is poured into vessels prepared for it, which are

hermetically closed as soon as it can possibly be done. While still warm, these vessels are put into a boiler containing water at a temperature of 57°, and submerged nearly three inches. This boiler is closed with a cover, set on fire, and to boil from a half to two hours, according as the bottles range in capacity from one to twenty quarts. The boiler is then opened and suffered to cool from a quarter to a half hour. The fire should always be moderate, that the heat of the vessels may not rise too high.

The patentee likewise varies his processes, as follows:-The milk, when quite fresh, is put into a vessel and gently boiled and shaken for about ten minutes, when a decoction of horse-radish is put into it, in the proportion of almost a tenth. The decoction itself is prepared by mixing about one hundred grammes of raddish with three quarts of milk. The mixture is then gently boiled and passed through a linen cloth, or some other fine strainer.

After this decoction has been poured into the milk, the boiling is stopped and the milk poured into bottles at a temperature as high as they will bear. They are then corked, and the operation is completed.

THE TEST OF RESPECTABILITY.

To judge from the conduct and ideas of some persons among both sexes, respectability consists in driving fast horses, wearing rich lace, drinking champagne, or idling away life. To cut a figure in society, on the promenades, or at a watering place, appears to be the sole aim of many women, who surely were born for better things. To cultivate a moustache, sport a "two forty" trotter, or act as a model exhibitor of coats for some fashionable tailor, seems to be the conception of a dignified and respectable career, formed by not a few of the

men.

Now being respectable, in either man or woman, is, to our notion, doing what is duty. The poorest person even, in what is considered popularly the humblest avocation, who pays his debts, obeys the law, and fulfills his other obligations to society and to his fellow-creatures, is a thousand times more respectable than the wealthy idler, the educated spendthrift, the callous miser, or the fashionable fool. So the modest female, whether seamstress, book-folder, press-tender, storekeeper, or even house-servant, is, in the true sense of the word, infinitely more respectable than the extravagant wife who is ruining her husband, than the thoughtless votary of fashion, than the butterfly flirt. In a word, worth, not wealth, constitutes respectability.

Again; it is what really is, not what merely seems to be, respectable, that men of sense honor as such. The millionaire, who has obtained wealth by knavish practices, though he may creep through the meshes of the law, cannot escape the indignant vervict of an honest public; he may give grand dinners, drive a showy equipage, inhabit a palace, an even subscribe ostentatiously to benevolent purposes; yet, with all his outside gilding, people recognize the rottenness within, and from the very summit of his splendor, trace back the slimy track by which he rose. Such a man, let him do what he will, can never become respectable. A gulf as wide as that between Dives and Lazarus, separates him from the esteem of the good. So also the low-minded in all pursuits, those cruel and unfeeling towards their fellow-men, charlatans, of every hue, hypocrites, demagogues,

toadies, sharpers, and all others of a similar kind, cannot be respectable. Pinchbeck never yet passed long for gold. Or, as the old proverb has it, "you cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear."

As people are generally what habit renders them, it is for the young that these remarks are meant. If they are shams now, shams they will remain; nothing, alas, can ever make them respectable. But the young have yet their habits to form. Let them take a high standard, and become truly respectable.

THE KEY WEST NEGROES.

The following is the official report of the United States Marshal concerning the final disposition of the Africans in his charge:

U. S. MARSHAL'S OFFICE, So. DIST. OF FLORIDA,
KEY WEST, July 26, 1856.

SIR-For the information of the Department, I beg leave to submit the following statement, showing the number of Africans delivered to me by the commanders of the United States steamers Mohawk, Wyandotte, and Crusader. Also, the number of births and deaths which occurred here, and the number shipped on board the three vessels chartered by the African Colonization Society to carry them to Liberia :

Number of Africans received from the bark Wildfire....

507

By the next mail I will furnish the Department with the proper certicates of the death and burial of 294 Africans specified in the within statement.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

FERNANDO J. MORENO, United States Marshal.

MONUMENTS OF HUMAN LABOR,

Nineveh was 15 miles long, 8 wide, and 40 miles round, with a wall 100 feet high, and thick enough for three chariots abreast. Babylon was 50 miles within the walls, which were 75 feet thick and 300 feet high, with 100 brazen gates. The Temple of Diana, at Ephesus, was 429 feet to the support of the roof. It was a hundred years in building. The largest of the pyramids is 481 feet high, and 653 on the sides; the base covers 11 acres. The stones are about 30 feet in length, and the layers are 208. It employed 330,000 men in building. The labyrinth in Egypt contains 300 chambers and 12 halls. Thebes, in Egypt, presents ruins 27 miles round, and 100 gates. Carthage was 23 miles round. Athens was 25 miles round, and contained 359,000 citizens and 400,000 slaves. The Temple of Delphos was so rich in donations, that it was plundered of £500,000, and Nero carried away from it 200 statues. The walls of Rome were

13 miles round.

FRAUDS IN TRADE.

When people read that the gold watches they buy have really very little gold in them; that the jewelry they purchase is one-half of it bogus, and their gold and silver ware is not worth a fifth of the value set upon it, they are struck with the enormity of the fraud practiced upon them by dishonest dealers; but there are other frauds, which, though less extensive in single instances, are far greater in the aggregate, of which they are the daily victims. Shopkeepers frequently find their goods short in the specified number of yards in the piece. It was proven in an English court, quite recently, that a very distinguished maker of sewing cotton made up short spools for certain markets. In the articles of sewing silk and knitting zephyr, we are informed, there is the same kind of fraud perpetrated, and, considering the enormity and universal use of sewing silk, this fraud must prove a very profitable one to the dealers. The standard weight of sewing silk is 16 ounces to the pound. Custom has reduced this to 12 ounces. The practice of dishonest dealers is to put up 5 ounces to the half pound instead of 6, and in some cases 4 ounce, and even 3 ounce, packages have been offered to retailers in this city to be sold as 6 ounce packages, with the assurance that this was becoming the common practice. In retailing sewing silk, weights are used which contain only twelve drachms to the ounce instead of sixteen, and some have as low as eight drachms only, the half and quarter ounces being proportionately reduced.

INDUSTRY IN JAMAICA.

A late number of the London Economist has the following table of the exports from Jamaica of unrefined sugar for the year 1835 to 1859, inclusive. Though the population of that island has increased about 100,000 since the act of emancipation, yet the production of one of her main products of industry has fallen off nearly three-fourths since 1832.

EXPORTS OF UNREFINED SUGAR FROM JAMAICA.

The exports into Great Britain of unrefined sugar during the following years,

WEIGHT OF VARIOUS ARTICLES OF PRODUCE.

The following is the established weights of various articles of produce :—

A bushel of wheat, sixty pounds.

Of shelled corn, fifty-six pounds.

Of corn on the cob, seventy pounds.

Of rye, fifty-six pounds.

Of oats, thirty-five pounds.

Of barley, forty-eight pounds.

Of potatoes, sixty pounds.

Of beans, twenty pounds.

Of clover-seed, sixty-two pounds.

Of timothy-seed, forty-five pounds.

Of flax seed, fifty-six pounds.
Of hemp-seed, forty-four pounds.
Of buckwheat, fifty-two pounds.
Of blue-grass seed, fourteen pounds.
Of castor-beans, forty-two pounds.
Of dried peaches, thirty-three pounds.
Of dried apples, twenty-four pounds.
Of onions, fifty-seven pounds.
Of salt, fifty pounds.