Squire Mitchel Sharp, ready-made clothing and pawnbroker. John Craig, draper. Benjamin Jackson Jeff, beerhouse keeper (Masham Hotel). William James Taylor, chemist and druggist. Stephen Fletcher, tailor and draper. John Charles Sills, junr., tailor and draper. Charles Wrightson, butcher. Charles Coldfinch, toy warehouse. Thomas Nettleton, butcher. John William Craster, M.D., surgeon. John Richardson, surgeon, J.P. Thomas Dalkin, gentleman, J.P. Newport Crescent. John Appleby, cabinet maker, &c. Elizabeth Smithers, china warehouse. Robert Corney, painter, &c. Edmund Hopwood, picture-frame maker. Joseph Langley, tailor. Alexander Sanderson, pianoforte agent. Asher, ready-made clothing. John Rushford, builder. John Bradburn, dyer. Edward Thomas, green grocer. Frederick Robson, grocer. John William Hudson, chemist and druggist. Thomas Jackson, grocer. Joseph Collpitts, gentleman. Wright Derwant, schoolmaster, (school, Bridge-street-west). William Conway, wholesale grocer, and agent to W. and A. Gilbey, wine and spirit merchants (and West-street). Nicholas Downing, cab proprietor. William Bulmer, accountant. Thomas Davison, painter, &c. William Easton, greengrocer and seedsman. Henry Carter, draper. Thomas Ovington, jet and toy warehouse. John Hargreaves, ironmonger. George Chambers, butcher. John Moon, grocer. Frank Smith, grocer and bread baker. Wm. Wilson Nellist, Manchester fent warehouse. William Robertson, grocer and tea dealer. William Duke Beardall, grocer and tea dealer. Charles Wesley Graham, watchmaker. William Smith Graham, butcher. John Birks, grocer (wholesale and retail). Matthew Hind, baby linen warehouse. Wright and Georgeson, drapers. Joha Hedley and Co., drapers. Thomas Smith, innkeeper. TO THE FORGET-ME-NOT. Forget-me-not, Forget-me-not! thy pretty flowers of blue I watch'd my dear and valued friend with his true lover stray; THE BANKS OF THE TEES. By the late HENRY HEAVISIDES, of Stockton-on-Tees: for a Notice of whose Life and Writings, see "The Bards and Authors of Cleveland and South Durham," by GEORGE MARKHAM TWEDDELL, F.S. A., SCOT. & NEWC., &c. Ye climes of the sun! ye bright lands of the vine! Flow on, then, sweet river, flow on to the sea, Like ivy round ruins, the heart loves to cling MIDDLESBROUGH, PAST AND PRESENT. (Continued from Page 11.) that there was Percy-restored monastery at Whitby, for a perpetual alms; on condition that as many Benedictine monks from that abbey as the revenues of the church would conveniently maintain, should here serve God and St. Hilda, and pray for him and his heirs; we may be sure some good reason for the grant, (such as a prior claim on the part of Whitby) otherwise he would at once have presented it, as he did his neighbouring churches, to the priory of Austin canons which, “by the counsel of Pope Calixtus the Second and Thurstan Archbishop of York," he was then founding at Gisbro,' and for the salvation of the souls of the king of England, and of himself and his wife and children,—a religious delusion, by which priests in all ages have enslaved the minds and emptied the purses of their dupes. The REV. JOHN GRAVES, in his History of Cleveland,* published in 1808, (when the whole parish of Middlesbrough consisted "only of four farm houses, situated on the southern banks of the river Tees," and gave no sign of increase) states:-"There are some faint traces here of an ancient entrenchment or fortification, which probably gave name to the place, and is conjectured to be of Roman origin; but there is no historical evidence, nor have we met with any distinguishing marks" to the honour of God and of the holy Virgin Mary," of that people to support the conjecture." We have already seen (page 10) that Middlesbrough is not mentioned in the Domesday Survey, and noticed DR. YOUNG'S conjecture that Middlesbrough is the place alluded to by the truly-venerable BEDE in relating St. Cuthbert's last journey, A.D. 686. "The dedication of the church, which afterwards occurs at Middlesbrough, to St. Hilda of Whitby," remarks MR. FALLOWS, is in favour of the supposition; though it is not conclusive evidence in its favour, as this last church might be built in anticipation of the gift of Brus to the monastery of Whitby." Henry the First afterwards "granted and confirmed to God, and the church of St. Peter and St. Hilda at Whitby, and to the monks performing divine service there, the church of Ayton in Cleveland, with its appurtenances, for a perpetual alms," for the soul of his father, William the Conqueror, and for himself and his heirs at the same time granting and confirming "to the aforesaid monks of Whitby, the church of MiddlesAs the churches of Hartlepool and South Shields, in brough, with its appurtenances," that they might "posthe bishopric of Durham, and those of Ampleforth, Bils-sess and enjoy it as their free and proper cell." dale, Egton, Ellerburne, and Hinderwell,§ in the archdeaconry of Cleveland, and Sherburne in the archdeaconry of the East Riding, are all amongst the churches which were dedicated to the Saxon saint, Lady Hilda, the dedication of the church at Middlesbrough is, of itself, rather circumstantial than "conclusive evidence" in favour of DR. YOUNG'S supposition. But when, in the reign of Henry the First, we find Robert de Brus, of Skelton Castle, giving the church of the Abbess St. Hilda at Middlesbrough, and one carucate of land in the same town, and two carucates and two oxgangs of land in Newham, to God and St. Hilda and to the * The History of Cleveland, in the North Riding of the County of York; comprehending an Historical and Descriptive View of the Ancient and Present State of each Parish within the Wapontake of Langbargh; the Soil, Produce, and Natural Curiosities; with the Origin and Genealogy of the principal Families within the District, 1808. +A History of Middlesbrough, 1861, consisting of sixteen neatly-printed pages; for a copy of which I have to thank the Author. MR. FALLOWS says:-Middlesbrough does not occur separately in Domesday, but is included in Aclun (Acklam)." § Hinderwell is a corruption of Hilda's Well, so called from the "beautifully clear, limpid, and abundant well in the churchyard," as WALKER ORD terms it, having been dedicated, like the church, to Lady Hilda. The carucate or carve of land, sometimes called a hide, or a plough land, contained about a hundred acres, but varied in quantity. SKENE says it was as much land as could be tilled in a year and a day by one plough. The oxgang seems to have varied from twelve to twenty. four acres. In the year 1130, Archbishop Thurstan granted, "for a perpetual alms, to the monastery of St. Peter and St. Hilda at Whitby," certain possessions, and confirmed "to the aforesaid monastery of Whitby, the church of St. Hilda at Middlesbrough, with its appurtenances, to be a cell for their monks, free and clear from every episcopal usage." This charter also grants and confirms to Whitby Abbey all those liberties which the churches of St. Wilfrid at Ripon and St. John at Beverley possessed or enjoyed; amongst which are specified, (1) sinodum quietam, (2) et sacrum crisma, (3) et ferrum judiciale cum pertinentiis suis, (4) et fossam cum omnibus quæ ad eam pertinent. 2. CHARLTON, "it will be necessary to inform the reader, tance from each other; and if the woman accused passed over them, hoodwinked and barefoot, without being burnt, she was acquitted. Those that underwent this trial used to fast three days before. And 4. That the fossam was also a solemn appeal to Heaven for the innocency or guilt of some particular offenders, which was to be performed by throwing the party accused into a pond or ditch filled with water, to see if they would sink or swim; by which they formed conjectures whether they ought to be acquitted or capitally punished: and from hence most assuredly was derived the vulgar method formerly used for judging old women accused of witchcraft." With such real authority over the lives and liberties of their qualing flocks whilst here on earth, joined to an imaginary power over the gates of eternal bliss when this sublunary life should have passed away, we may rest well assured that the poor sheep would be well shorn by their spiritual pastors and masters, as invariably has been, and ever will be, the case with all who have believed, or may hereafter be deluded into believing, in the necessity of a priest to stand between them and their Almighty and Ever-loving Father. They who would become familiar with the numerous grants of land to the monks here, which are too long to particularize in this Miscellany, will do well to consult CHARLTON'S History of Whitby, FALLOWs's small History of Middlesbrough, or the forthcoming People's History of Cleveland. As GRAVES and ORD had CHARLTON'S quarry to dig from, one can scarcely understand their passing over those grants so briefly; especially the former, who almost totally ignores them. Suffice it to say, that though Whitby Abbey had cells at Hackness and York, that of Middlesbrough was of more importance, and is said at one time to have consisted of twelve monks governed by their own prior, under the abbot of Whitby. At the time of the Reformation, however, there were only two or three resident monks here, and the income was stated at £21 3s. 8d. The monks here were of the Benedictine order, commonly called Black Monks, from the colour of their dress. Not an idle life that led by the monks before wealth and luxury had corrupted them, as they have ever corrupted every corporation or community of men whereever they have prevailed. Though the days for such In of the country, as it was either hotter or colder. temperate climates, a cowl and a tunick were sufficient; the cowl thicker for winter, and thinner for summer; and a scapular to work in. The scapular was the upper garment during the time of labour, which was put off, and the cowl worn during the rest of the day. Every one had two tunicks and two cowls, either to change at nights or to wash them. The stuff they were made of was the cheapest the country afforded. To the end that no man might have any property, that is, anything that he could call his own, the abbots found them all with everything that was necessary, that is, besides the habit, a handkerchief, a knife, a needle, a steel pen, and tablets to write. Their beds were a mat, a straw bed, a piece of serge, a blanket, and a pillow. St. Benedict did not decide of what colour the habit should be; but it appears by ancient pictures, that the garment the first Benedictines wore was white, and the scapular black. scapular was not of the same shape that those of the same order do use at present. It was more like the jerkins worn by mariners, saving that it was not open before, but only a little way in the sides. That sort of garment had been long before the common garment of the poor and of peasants." (To be Continued.) That THE ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DURHAM AND NORTHUMBERLAND will have their first general meeting at Sedgefield and Bishop-Middleham; their second at Rothbury, Cartingham Castle, Headingham Castle, &c.; their third at Winston, Wycliffe, Streatlam Castle, and Barnard Castle; the fourth, which will last two days, at Kirby-Stephen, Brough Castle and Church, Pendragon Castle, Appleby Castle, and Brougham Castle; and their fifth at Hartburn, Netherwitton, and Bolam. The places to be visited may be taken in different order to the above if found more convenient. The Members will be previously apprised by circular of the time fixed for each meeting. RICHARD RUTTER, 26, ALBERT ROAD, MIDDLESBROUGH, LICENSED TO LET institutions have long passed by, they had their work HORSES, CABS, DOG-CARTS, &c. to perform in the onward march of the nations, and we can now ill estimate the benefits they conferred upon civilization during the days of an illiterate and rapacious aristocracy and an ignorant and bebruted populace. Pity that Superstition mingled so much with their piety, and that vain ceremonies and degrading notions of Deity borrowed from Paganism should so long have polluted the pure religion of Jesus. STEEVENS, describing the dress of the Benedictines, says:" As for the habits of the monks, they were left to the discretion of the abbots, according to the nature STABLES:-No. 12, LOWER GOSFORD STREET. HORSES TAKEN IN AT LIVERY. EPIGRAM. No tyrant's threats can harm the just, PETER PROLETARIUS. (From "England, a Historical Poem," by the late JOHN WALKER ORD, F.G.S.L.; for a notice of whose Life and Writings see "The Bards and Authors of Cleveland and South Durham," by GEORGE MARKHAM TWEDDELL, F.S. A., SCOT. & NEWC.) Say, shall I rear no laurel for thy head? And rear no monument above thy dust? Thou noblest one of England's royal deadThou, on whose sword of fame there lies no rustWho bear'st no spot upon thy snow-white bustQueen Boadicea ?-thou wert great indeed: Beloved by Heaven, even when thy land was lost; And though a thousand years have dimm'd thy seed, Thy blood on England's fields hath left a mighty breed! She drove the Roman back, like a worn wave; And rear'd triumphant England from the mire : She taught the hungry battle storm to rave, And lit the flames of Rome's wild funeral pyre. Alas, too soon extinguish'd was the fire! For we had nought but scythe and useless gear: Feeble, we could not meet a storm so direA storm that, as an earthquake, bellow'd near, And smote the standard down a Queen was first to rear Yea, they dishonour'd her, who was a Queen, And tore the purple from her snowy breast: Lust came and dwelt amid our pastures green, And with hot fingers their fair blooms carest, And the Queen's daughters were all soil'd and prest; Ravish'd and murder'd even before her eyes! Her lands despoil'd, her people sore opprest; And she so weak, she had not power to rise; What English Queen was e'er in such sad piteous wise? But she is dead-the mighty one is dead! Whose mouldering ashes now in black oblivion lie. And yet, perchance, even then was heard some note, And the old minstrel Bard could turn a lay: Perchance her praises warbled from the throat Yet now the wild winds watch, the fast rains weep, They should have lain her down with helm and spear; "They slew my children, and defiled their snow; "They wrung my country's heart and mock'd her call, "But me they could not chain-I have escaped their thrall." ILLUSTRATED NOTE PAPER. The following Local Views have been neatly engraved and printed at the top of Note Paper, and are sold at One Halfpenny the Sheet, that people may use them. more commonly in writing to their friends. Other JOSEPH D. BLACKBURN, CONFECTIONER, 12, Linthorpe Road, MANUFACTURING CONFECTION PASTRY COOK, BRIDES' CAKE MAKER, LOZENGE AND BUTTER-SCOTCH MAKER, FUNERALS SUPPLIED WITH BISCUITS AND WINES ON THE SHORTEST NOTICE AND BEST TERMS, BY J. D. BLACKBURN, CONFECTIONER, 12, LINTHORPE ROAD, CLOSE TO THE PASSENGER STATION, MIDDLESBROUGH-ON-TEES. PUBLISHED ON THE FIRST OF EACH MONTH. ONE PENNY. Views will shortly be added. Twelve Views sent free COUNTRY WORDS OF THE WEST-RIDING, Rosebury Topping, from Stokesley Bridge Ruins of Danby Castle-Interior Ruins and Arms of Whitby Abbey Ruins of Whorlton Castle Stokesley Union Workhouse Tomb of Robert de Brus, the Competitor, Gisbro, Union Mill, Stokesley War Beacon on Eston Nab Yarm Bridge, Railway Viaduct, etc. Zetland Hotel, Saltburn HYMNS ANCIENT AND MODERN, WITH INTROITS AND ANTHEMS FOR USE IN THE SERVICES OF THE CHURCH, BIBLES, PRAYER BOOKS, AND IN GREAT VARIETY. MAY BE HAD AT Tweddell and Sons, Booksellers, Stokesley. North of England Tractates. Under the above title, the Publishers purpose to print, from time to time, a Collection of small Treatises, in Prose and Verse, relating to the North of England; offering them to the general Public at the lowest Prices which will clear the necessary expenses of Publication. The following are now ready, at One Penny Each. No 1. Cleveland, a Poem in Blank Verse, by JOHN REED APPLETON, F.S.A., F.R.S.N.A., Copen., &c. No. 2.-Prince Oswy, a Legend of Rosebury Topping, by the late JOHN WALKER ORD, F.G.S.L. No 3.-The Trials and Troubles of a Tourist, by JOHN REED APPLETON, F.R.S.N.A., Copen.; F.S.A., etc. No 4.-Rhymes to Illustrate the North York Dialect, by FLORENCE CLEVELAND. No 5.-Yorkshire Worthies, by JOHN RYLEY ROBINSON, LL.D., M. Societe Asiatique de Paris, &c. No 6.-The Old, Old Woman of Elton, by ETA MAWR, No 7.-Cleveland Sonnets, by GEORGE MARKHAM TWEDDELL, F.S.A., SCOT, AND NEWC., etc., No 8,-Halifax Gibbet and Gibbet Law, by JOHN RYLEY ROBINSON, LL,D., F.S.A. SCOT., etc. TWEDDELL AND SONS, CLEVELAND PRINTING AND PUBLISHING OFFICES, STOKESLEY. |