north, that I never had yet the opportunity to behold it. Oh that I had but received some intelligence from my worthy friend Doctor Thomas Barlow, provost of Queen's College in Oxford! who, for his religion and learning, is an especial ornament of Westmoreland. But time, tide, and a printer's press, are three unmannerly things, that will stay for no man; and therefore I request that my defective endeavours may be well accepted.

I learn out of Master Camden, that in the river Cann, in this county, there be two catadupe, or waterfalls; whereof the northern, sounding clear and loud, foretokeneth fair weather; the southern, on the same terms, presageth rain. Now I wish that the former of these may be vocal in hay time and harvest, the latter after great draught, that so both of them may make welcome music to the inhabitants.

WORTHIES OF WESTMORELAND WHO HAVE FLOURISHED SINCE THE TIME OF FULLER.

Launcelot ADDISON, dean of Lichfield, author, and father of the poet; born at Crosby Ravensworth, or Mauld's Meaburn, 1632; died 1703.

Anthony ASKEW, physician, Greek scholar, and collector; born at Kendal 1722; died 1774.

Dr. Thomas BARLOW, time-serving bishop of Lincoln; born at Langdale near Orton 1607; died 1691.

John BARWICK, D.D. divine, royalist, and author; born at Witherslack 1612; died 1664.

Peter BARWICK, M.D. brother of the above, whose life he wrote in elegant Latin; born at Witherslack 1619; died 1705. Richard BRAITHWAITE, facetious and eccentric author of "Drunken Barnaby;" born at Burneshead; died 1673. Dr. Richard BURN, author of the "Justice" and the "Ecclesiastical Law;" &c.; born at Kirkby Stephen; died 1789. Ephraim CHAMBERS, mathematical instrument maker, author of the Encyclopedia; born at Milton; died 1740.

Dr. George FOTHERGILL, principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford, author of sermons; born at Lickholme in Ravenstonedale 1705; died 1760.

Dr. Thomas GARNETT, physician and natural philosopher; born at Casterton 1766; died 1802.

Edmund GIBSON, bishop of London, scholar and antiquary; born at High Knype 1669; died 1748.

Thomas GIBSON, uncle of the bishop, and son-in-law to the protector Richard Cromwell, physician and author; born at High Knype.

WORTHIES SINCE THE TIME OF FULLER, &c. 313

William GIBSON, farmer, and self-taught mathematician of most wonderful powers; born at Bolton near Appleby 1720; died 1791.

William HUDSON, surgeon, one of the earliest Linnæan botanists in England, and author; born at Kendal 1730; died 1793. Dr. William LANCASTER, provost of Queen's College, Oxford, and one of the founders of Barton school in 1649; born at Sockbridge.

Dr. John LANGHORNE, divine, poet, and critic, voluminous author; born at Kirkby Stephen, or Winton, 1735; died 1779. Dr. John MILL, divine and biblical critic; born at Hardendale in Shap 1645: died 1707.

Charles MORTON, learned physician and antiquary; born 1716. Joseph ROBERTSON, learned and industrious critic; born at High Knype 1726; died 1802.

Dr. Thomas SHAW, learned divine and Eastern traveller; born at Kendal 1692; died 1751.

John SMITH, editor of Bede, divine, versed in Septentrional literature, and in antiquities; born at Lowther 1659; died 1715. Joseph SMITH, provost of Queen's College, Oxford, brother of John, divine, learned in politics and the law of nations; born at Lowther 1670; died 1756.

Adam WALKER, natural and experimental philosopher, lecturer, and author; born at Windermere 1731; died 1821. Richard WATSON, bishop of Llandaff, apologist for the Bible and Christianity, chemist and politician; born at Heversham 1737; died 1816.

Sir George WHARTON, baronet, astronomer, and loyalist; born at Kendal; died 1681.

George WHITEHEAD, learned and zealous Quaker; born at Newbigg, near Orton, about 1636; died 1722-3.

John WILSON, botanist, author of a "Synopsis of British Plants," originally a stocking-knitter; born at Kendal; died about 1750.

The History of Westmoreland has been generally united with that of Cumberland; and the principal one is that published by Mr. J. Nicholson and Dr. Burn in 1727, as mentioned under the head of Cumberland, vol. i. p. 364.

WILTSHIRE.

WILTSHIRE hath Gloucestershire on the north, Berkshire and Hampshire on the east, Dorsetshire on the south, and Somersetshire on the west. From north to south it extendeth thirtynine miles; but abateth ten of that number in the breadth thereof.*

A pleasant county, and of great variety. I have heard a wise man say, that an ox left to himself would, of all England, choose to live in the north, a sheep in the south part hereof, and a man in the middle betwixt both, as partaking of the pleasure of the plain, and the wealth of the deep country.

Nor is it unworthy the observing, that of all inland shires (no ways bordered on salt water) this gathereth the most in the circumference thereof † (as may appear by comparing them), being in compass one hundred and thirty-nine miles. It is plentiful in all English, especially in the ensuing, commodities.

NATURAL COMMODITIES.

WOOL.

The often repetition hereof (though I confess against our rules premised) may justly be excused. Well might the French ambassador return, "France, France, France," reiterated to every petty title of the king of Spain. And our English "wool, wool," &c. may counterpoise the numerous but inconsiderable commodities of other countries. I confess a lock thereof is most contemptible; "Non flocci te facio," passing for an expression of the highest neglect; but a quantity thereof quickly amounteth to a good valuation.

MANUFACTURES.

CLOTHING.

This mystery is vigorously pursued in this county; and I am

*Davis, in his "General Views of the Agriculture of Wiltshire," says, "the county is about fifty-four miles in length, by thirty-four in its greatest breadth, and contains about 1372 square miles, or 878,000 acres." According to the Parliamentary Report on the State of the Poor, published in 1804, the area of the county is estimated at 1283 square statute miles, or 821,120 acres.-ED.‡

† Compare the tables of Speed.

Some of the editorial notes, appended to this county, are the contributions of John Britton, Esq., author of the "Beauties of Wiltshire," 3 vols. 8vo., &c.; who kindly undertook the revi sion of the proof-sheets.

informed, that as MEDLEYS are most made in other shires, as good WHITES as any are woven in this county.

This mentioning of whites to be vended beyond the seas, minds me of a memorable contest in the reign of king James, betwixt the merchants of London, and Sir William Cockain, once lord mayor of that city, and as prudent a person as any in that corporation. He ably moved, and vigorously prosecuted the design, that all the cloth which was made might be dyed in England; alleging, that the wealth of a country consisteth in driving on the natural commodities thereof, through all manufactures, to the utmost, as far as it can go, or will be drawn. And by the dying of all English cloth in England, thousands of poor people would be employed, and thereby get a comfortable subsistence.

The merchants returned, that such home dying of our cloth would prove prejudicial to the sale thereof, foreigners being more expert than we are in the mystery of fixing coloursbesides, they can afford them far cheaper than we can, much of dying stuff growing in their countries; and foreigners bear a great affection to white or virgin cloth, unwilling to have their fancies prevented by the dying thereof; insomuch that they would like it better (though done worse) if done by themselves-That Sir William Cockain had got a vast deal of dying stuff into his own possession, and did drive on his own interest, under the pretence of the public good. These their arguments were seconded with good store of good gold on both sides, till the merchants prevailed at last (a shoal of herrings is able to beat the whale itself); and clothing left in the same condition it was before.

TOBACCO-PIPES.

The best for shape and colour (as curiously sized) are made at Amesbury in this county. They may be called chimneys portable in pockets, the one end being the hearth, the other the tunnel thereof. Indeed, at the first bringing over of tobacco, pipes were made of silver and other metals; which, though free from breaking, were found inconvenient, as soon fouled, and hardly cleansed.

These clay pipes are burnt in a furnace for some fifteen hours, on the self-same token, that if taken out half an hour before that time, they are found little altered from the condition. wherein they were when first put in. It seems all that time the fire is working itself to the height, and doth its work very soon when attained to perfection. Gauntlet-pipes, which have that mark on their heel, are the best; and hereon a story doth depend.

One of that trade observing such pipes most saleable, set the gauntlet on those of his own making, though inferior in goodness to the other. Now the workman who first gave the gauntlet sued the other, upon the statute which makes it penal for

any to set another's mark on any merchantable commodities. The defendant being likely to be cast (as whose counsel could plead little in his behalf) craved leave to speak a word for himself; which was granted. He denied that he ever set another man's mark; "for the thumb of his gauntlet stands one way, mine another; and the same hand given dexter or sinister in heraldry is a sufficient difference." Hereby he escaped; though surely such who bought his pipes never took notice of that criticism, or consulted which way the thumb of his gauntlet respected.

THE BUILDINGS.

The CATHEDRAL of SALISBURY (dedicated to the blessed Virgin) is paramount in this kind, wherein the doors and chapels equal the months, the windows the days, the pillars and pillarets of fusile marble* (an ancient art now shrewdly suspected to be lost), the hours of the year; so that all Europe affords not such an almanac of architecture.

Once walking in this church (whereof then I was prebendary) I met a countryman wondering at the structure thereof. "I once," said he to me, "admired that there could be a church that should have so many pillars as there be hours in the year; and now I admire more, that there should be so many hours in the year as I see pillars in this church."

The cross aisle of this church is the most beautiful and lightsome of any I have yet beheld. The spire steeple (not founded on the ground, but for the main supported by four pillars) is of great height and greater workmanship. I have been credibly informed, that some foreign artists, beholding this building, brake forth into tears, which some imputed to their admiration (though I see not how wondering can cause weeping); others to their envy, grieving that they had not the like in their own land.

Nor can the most curious (not to say cavilling) eye desire any thing which is wanting in this edifice, except possibly an ascent; seeing such who address themselves hither for their devotions can hardly say with David, "I will go up into the house of the Lord."

Amongst the many monuments therein, that of Edward earl of Hartford is most magnificent; that of Helen Suavenburgh, a Swede (the relic of William marquis of Northampton, and afterwards married to Sir Thomas Gorges) is most commended for its artificial plainness.

But the curiosity of critics is best entertained with the tomb in the north of the nave of the church, where lieth a monument in stone of a little boy, habited all in episcopal robes, a mitre upon his head, a crosier in his hand, and the rest accordingly. At the discovery thereof (formerly covered over with pews)

It is surprising that the worthy and witty Fuller should be guilty of this silly assertion. The pillars are of Purbeck marble.-J. B.