fill, on condition they put no grapes up in their vessels.* I have been satisfied with reading his works, and informed myself in places and dates of some men's births and deaths. But never did nor will (whatever hath been said of me, or done by others) incorporate any considerable quantity of his works in my own; detesting such felony, God having given me (be it spoken with thanks to him, and humility to man) plenty of my own, without being plagiary to any author whatsoever.

To return to Julines Herring, whose Christian name is very usual in the country amongst people of quality, in memory of Julius Palmer (in the Marian days martyred, and) a native of that city. He, being prohibited his preaching here for his nonconformity, was called over to Amsterdam, where he continued preacher to the English congregation some years, well respected in his place; and died in the year of our Lord 1644.

THE FAREWELL.

And now, being to take our leave of this county, the worst I wish the inhabitants thereof, is, that their horses (excellent in their kind, whereof before) may (to use the countryman's expression) stand well, being secured from all infections and pestilential diseases; the rather, because when God is pleased to strike this creature (not unfitly termed man's wings, whereby he so swiftly flieth from one place to another for dispatch of his occasions) it is a sad presge, that he is angry with the riders, and will (without their seasonable repentance) punish their sins with some exemplary judgment.

* Deut. xxiii. 24.

PEMBROKESHIRE.

PEMBROKESHIRE is surrounded on all sides with the sea; save on the north-east, where it boundeth on Cardigan; and east, where it butteth on Camarthenshire :-a county abounding with all things necessary for man's livelihood; and the east part thereof is the pleasantest place in all Wales; which I durst not have said, for fear of offence, had not Giraldus their own countryman affirmed it.*

Nor is it less happy in sea than in land, affording plenty of fish, especially about Tenby; therefore commonly called Tenby-y-Piscoid; which I rather observe for the vicinity of the British piscoid with the Latin piscosus, for fishful; though never any pretended an affinity between the two languages.

A part of this county is peopled by Flemings, placed there by king Henry the First, who was no less politic than charitable therein; for such Flemings, being driven out of their own country by an irruption of the ocean, were fixed here to defend the land given them against the Welch; and their country is called Little England beyond Wales. This mindeth me of a passage betwixt a Welch and English-man, the former boasting Wales in all respects beyond England; to whom the other returned, "He had heard of an England beyond Wales, but never of a Wales beyond England."

NATURAL COMMODITIES.

FALCONS.

Very good are bred in this county, of that kind they call peregrines, which very name speaks them to be no indigenæ, but foreigners, at first lighting here by some casualty. King Henry the Second passing hence into Ireland, cast off a Norway gos-hawk at one of these; but the gos-hawk, taken at the source by the falcon, soon fell down at the king's foot; which performance in this ramage made him yearly afterward send hither for eyesses. These hawks' aeries (not so called from building in the air, but from the French word aire an egg) are many in the rocks in this shire.

THE BUILDINGS.

For a sacred structure the cathedral of St. David is most

"In agro totius Walliæ amoenissimo."-Giraldus Cambrensis. + Giraldus Cambrensis.

eminent, began by bishop Peter in the reign of king John, and finished by his successors; though having never seen it, I can say little thereof. But, in one respect, the roof thereof is higher than any in England, and as high as any in Europe, if the ancient absolute and independant jurisdiction thereof be considered, thus stated by an authentic author:* "Episcopi Walliæ à Menevensi Antistite sunt consecrati, et ipse similiter ab aliis tanquam suffraganeis est consecratus, nullâ penitus aliæ Ecclesiæ factâ professione vel subjectione." The generality of which words must be construed to have reference as well to Rome as to Canterbury; Saint David's acknowledging subjection to neither, till the reign of king Henry the First.

PRINCES.

HENRY TUTHAR, son to Edmund earl of Richmond and Margaret his lady, was born at Pembroke in this county,† anno Domini 1462, in the reign of king Henry the Sixth. He was bred a child at court; when a young man he lived an exile in France, where he so learned to live of a little, that he contracted a habit of frugality, which he did not depose till the day of his death. Having vanquished king Richard the Third in the battle of Bosworth, and married Elizabeth eldest daughter to king Edward the Fourth, he reigned king of England by the name of Henry the Seventh.

He is generally esteemed the wisest of our English kings; and yet many conceive, that the lord Bacon, writing his life, made him much wiser than he was, picking more prudence out of his actions, than the king himself was privy to therein; and, not content to allow him politic, endeavoured to make him policy itself.

Yet many think his judgment failed him, when refusing the fair proffer of Columbus for the discovery of America, who might therein have made a secret adventure, without any prejudice to the reputation of his wisdom. But such his wariness he would not tamper with costly contingencies, though never so probable to be gainful; nor would he hazard a hook of silver to catch a fish of gold. He was the first king who secretly sought to abate the formidable greatness (the parent of many former rebellions) in the English peerage, lessening their dependencies, countenancing the commons, and encouraging the yeomanry with provisions against depopulations. However, hereby he did not free his successors from fear, but only exchanged their care, making the commons (who because more numerous, less manageable) more absolute, and able in time to contest with sovereignty.

He survived his queen, by whom he had the true title to the crown, about five years. Some will say, that all that time he was king only by the courtesy of England, which I am sure he was * Giraldus, Itinerarium Cambriæ, lib. cap. 1.

+ Sir Francis Bacon, in the conclusion of his Character, in his Life.

loath to acknowledge. Others say he held the crown by conquest, which his subjects were as unwilling to confess. But, let none dispute how he held, seeing he held it; having Pope, Parliament, power, purse, success, and some shadow of succession, on his side.

His greatest fault was, grinding his subjects with grievous exactions. He was most magnificent in those structures he hath left to posterity; amongst which, his devotion to God is most seen in two chapels, the one at Cambridge, the other at Westminster. His charity to the poor in the hospital of The Savoy; his magnificence to himself in his own monument of gilded copper; and his vanity to the world, in building a ship called The Great Harry, of equal cost, saith some, with his chapel, which afterwards sunk into the sea, and vanished away in a moment.*

He much employed bishops in his service, finding them honest and able. And here I request the judicious and learned reader to help me at a dead lift, being posed with this passage written in his life by the lord Verulam :

"He did use to raise bishops by steps, that he might not lose the profits of the first-fruits, which by that course of gradation was multiplied."

Now, I humbly conceive, that the first fruits (in the common acception of the word) were in that age paid to the Pope and would fain be informed, what by-first-fruits these were, the emolument whereof accrued to the crown. This politic king, at his palace of Richmond, April 22, 1509, ended his life; and was buried in the magnificent chapel aforesaid; on the same token that he ordered, by his last will and testament, that none save such of the blood royal (who should descend from his loins) should be buried in that place; straightly forbidding any other, of what degree or quality soever, to be interred therein.† But only the will of the King of Heaven doth stand inviolable, whilst those of the most potent earthly princes are subject to be infringed.

SAINTS.

JUSTINIAN was a noble Briton by birth, who with his own inheritance built a monastery in the island of Ramsey in this county, where many monks lived happily under his discipline, until three of them, by the devil's instigation, slew this Justinian, in hatred of his sanctity, about the year of Christ 486.‡ His body was brought with great veneration to Menevia, and there interred by Saint David, and since much famed with [supposed] miracles.

WRITERS.

GIRALDUS CAMBRENSIS, whose surname, say some,§ was

* In the beginning of the reign of queen Mary.-Stow, p. 16.

† Weever's Funeral Monuments, p. 20.

J. Capgrave, in Catal. SS. Brit.

§ Godwin, in the Bishops of St. David's.

Fitz-Girald; say others,* was Barry; and I believe the latter, because he saith so himself in his book " De Vitâ Suâ ;" and was born at Tenby in this county.

His father, William de Barry, an Englishman :- his mother, Angareth, the daughter of Nesta, daughter of Rhese, prince of South Wales.

He was nephew to David the second bishop of St. David's, by whom he was made archdeacon of Brecknock. He was wont to complain, that the English did not love him because his mother was a Welch-woman; and the Welch did hate him because his father was an Englishman; though, by his excellent writings, he deserved of England well, of Wales better, and of Ireland best of all; making a topographical description of all three; but acting in the last as a secretary under king John, with great industry and expence. Yea, he was a great traveller, as far as Jerusalem itself, and wrote De Mirabilibus Terræ Sanctæ, so that he might be styled Giraldus Anglicus, Hibernicus, Hierosolymitanus, though it was his mind and modesty only to be Cambrensis.

One may justly wonder that, having all dimensions requisite to preferment, his birth, broad acquaintance, deep learning, long life (living above seventy years), he never attained to any considerable dignity. Hear how, betwixt grief and anger, he expresseth himself concerning his ill success at court: "Irreparabili damno duo ferè lustra consumens, nihil ab illis§ preter inanes vexationes et vacua veris promissa suscepi."

Indeed for a long time no preferment was proffered him above a beggarly bishopric in Ireland; and at last the see of St. David's was the highest place he attained. Whilst some impute this to his planet; the malignant influence whereof hath blasted men of the most merit :- his pride; some men counting it their due for preferment to court them, and that it is enough for them to receive, too much to reach after it :-his profitableness to be employed in meaner places; some having gotten an useful servant, love to wear him out in working, and (as gardeners keep their hedges close cut, that they may spread the broader) maintain them mean, that they may be the more industrious.

Giraldus himself tells us the true reason that he was ever beheld oculo novercali, because being a Welchman by the surer side; and then such the antipathy of the English, they thought no good could come out of Wales. Sad, that so worthy a man should pœnas dare patriæ et matris suæ.

Being at last, as we have said, made bishop of Saint David's, he went to Rome, and there stickled for an exemption of that

• J. Wareus, de Scriptoribus Hiberniæ, p. 112.

Lib. i. cap. 2, extant in Sir Robert Cotton's library.

In the life-time of King Henry his father.

King Henry II. and his Sons.