have been coined under the act of July 11, 1890, number 36,087,285. The seigniorage arising from such coinage was $6,977,098.39, leaving on hand in the mints 140,699,760 fine ounces of silver, which cost $126,758,218. the time of our forcible intervention. With a | ber, 1893, the Government purchased, under all view of accomplishing this result within the laws, 503,003,717 fine ounces of silver at a constitutional limits of executive power, and cost of $516,622,948. The silver dollars that recognizing all our obligations and responsibil ities growing out of any changed conditions brought about by our unjustifiable interference, our present minister at Honolulu has received appropriate instructions to that end. Thus far no information of the accomplishment of any definite results has been received from him. Additional advices are soon expected. When received they will be promptly sent to the Congress, together with all other information at hand, accompanied by a special Executive message fully detailing all the facts necessary to a complete understanding of the case, and presenting a history of all the material events leading up to the present situation. Our total coinage of all metals during the last fiscal year consisted of 97,280,875 pieces valued at $43,685,178.80, of which there was $30,038,140 in gold coin, $5,343,715 in silver dollars, $7,217,220.90 in subsidiary silver coin, and $1,086,102.90 in minor coins. During the calendar year 1892 the production of precious metals in the United States was estimated to be 1,596,375 fine ounces of gold of the commercial and coinage value of $33,000,000, and 58,000,000 fine ounces of silver of the bul lion or market value of $50,750,000 and of the coinage value of $74,989,900. It is estimated that on the first day of July, 1893, the metallic stock of money in the United States, consisting of coin and bullion, amounted to $1,213,559,169, of which $597,697,685 was gold and $615,861,484 was silver. The Secretary of the Treasury reports that the receipts of the Government from all sources durthe fiscal year ended June 30, 1893, amounted to $461,716,561.94, and its expenditures to $459,374,674.29. There was collected from customs $205,355,016.73 and from internal revenue $161,027,623.93. Our dutiable imports amounted to $421,856,711, an increase of $52,453,907 over the preceding year, and importations free of One hundred and nineteen national banks duty amounted to $444,544,211, a decrease from were organized during the year ending October the preceding year of $13,455,447. Internal 31, 1893, with a capital of $11,230,000. Fortyrevenue receipts exceeded those of the preced-six went into voluntary liquidation and one hun. ing year by $7,147,445.32. The total tax collected on distilled spirits was $94,720,260.55, on manufactured tobacco, $31,889,711.74, and on fermented liquors, $32,548,- | 983.07. We exported merchandise during the year amounting to $847,665,194, a decrease of $182,612,954 from the preceding year. The amount of gold exported was larger than any previous year in the history of the Government, amounting to $108,680,844, and exceeding the amount exported during the preceding year by $58,485,517. The sum paid from the Treasury for sugar bounty was $9,375,130.88, an increase over the preceding year of $2,033,053.09. It is estimated upon the basis of present revenue laws that the receipts of the Government for the year ending June 30, 1894, will be $430,121,365.38 and its expenditures $458,121,365.38, resulting in a deficiency of $28,000,000. On the first day of November, 1893, the amount of money of all kinds in circulation, or not included in Treasury holdings, was $1,718,544,682, an increase for the year of $112,404,947. Estimating our population at 67,426,000 at the time mentioned, the per capita circulation was $25.49. On the same date there was in the Treasury gold bullion amounting to $96,657,273 and silver bullion which was purchased at a cost of $126,261,553. dred and fifty-eight suspended. Sixty-five of the suspended banks were insolvent, eighty-six resumed business, and seven remain in the hands of bank examiners, with prospects of speedy resumption. Of the new banks organized, fortyfour were located in the Eastern States, forty-one west of the Mississippi River, and thirty-four in the Central and Southern States. The total number of national banks in existence on the 31st day of October, 1893, was 3,796, having an aggregate capital of $695,558,120. The net increase in the circulation of these banks during the year was $36,886,972. The recent repeal of the provision of law requiring the purchase of silver bullion by the Government as a feature of our monetary scheme, has made an entire change in the complexion of our currency affairs. I do not doubt that the ultimate result of this action will be most salutary and far-reaching. In the nature of things, however, it is impossible to know at this time, precisely what conditions will be brought about by the change, or what, if any, supplementary legislation may, in the light of such conditions, appear to be essential or expedient. Of course, after the recent financial perturbation, time is necessary for the re-establishment of business confidence. When, however, through this restored confidence, the money which has been frightened into hoarding places is returned to trade and enterprise, a survey of the situation will probably disclose a safe path leading to a permanently sound currency, abundantly sufficient to meet every requirement of our increasing population and business. The purchases of silver under the law of July 14, 1890, during the last fiscal year aggregated 54,008,162.59 fine ounces, which cost $45,531,374.53. The total amount of silver purchased from the time that law became operative until the repeal of its purchasing clause on the Ist day In the pursuit of this object we should resoof November, 1893, was 168,674,590.46 fine lutely turn away from alluring and temporary ounces, which cost $155,930,940.84. Between the expedients, determined to be content with noth1st day of March, 1873, and the 1st day of Noveming less than a lasting and comprehensive financial plan. In these circumstances I am convinced that a reasonable delay in dealing with this subject, instead of being injurious, will increase the probability of wise action. The Monetary Conference which assembled at Brussels upon our invitation was adjourned to the 30th day of November in the present year. The considerations just stated and the fact that a definite proposition from us seemed to be expected upon the reassembling of the conference, led me to express a willingness to have the meeting still further postponed. It seems to me that it would be wise to give general authority to the President to invite other nations to such a conference at any time | when there should be a fair prospect of accomplishing an international agreement on the subject of coinage. I desire also to earnestly suggest the wisdom of amending the existing statutes in regard to the issuance of Government bonds. The authority now vested in the Secretary of the Treasury to issue bonds is not as clear as it should be, and the bonds authorized are disadvantageous to the Government both as to the time of their maturity and rate of interest. year was 123,634, and the number dropped was 33,690. The first payments on pensions allowed during the year amounted to $33,756,549.98. This includes arrears, or the accumulation between the time from which the allowance of pension dates and the time of actually granting the certificate. Although the law of 1890 permits pensions for disabilities not related to military service, yet as a requisite to its benefits a disability must exist incapacitating applicants" from the performance of manual labor to such a degree as to render them unable to earn a support." The execution of this law in its early stages does not seem to have been in accord with its true intention; but toward the close of the last administration an authoritative construction was given to the statute, and since that time this construction has been followed. This has had the effect of limiting the operation of the law to its intended purpose. The discovery having been made that many names had been put upon the pension roll by means of wholesale and gigantic frauds, the Commissioner suspended payments upon a number of pensions which seemed to be fraudulent or unauthorized pending a complete examination, giving notice to the pensioners, in order that they might have an opportunity to establish, if possible, the justice of their claims, notwithstanding apparent invalidity. The Superintendent of Immigration, through the Secretary of the Treasury, reports that during the last fiscal year there arrived at our ports 440,793 immigrants. Of these 1,063 were not permitted to land under the limitations of the This, I understand, is the practice which has law, and 577 were returned to the countries for a long time prevailed in the Pension Bureau; from whence they came by reason of their hav- but after entering upon these recent investigaing become public charges. The total arrivals tions the Commissioner modified this rule so as were 141,034 less than for the previous year. **not to allow, until after a complete examination, The post-office receipts for the last fiscal year interference with the payment of a pension apamounted to $75,896,933.16 and its expendi-parently not altogether void, but which merely tures to $81,074,104.90. This post-office de- had been fixed at a rate higher than that authorficiency would disappear or be immensely ized by law. decreased if less matter was carried free through the mails, an item of which is upward of three hundred tons of seeds and grain from the Agricultural Department. On the 30th day of June, 1893, there were on the pension rolls 966,012 names, an increase of 89,944 over the number on the rolls June 30, 1892. Of these there were 17 widows and daughters of Revolutionary soldiers, 86 survivors of the war of 1812, 5,425 widows of soldiers of that war, 21,518 survivors and widows of the Mexican war, 3,882 survivors and widows of Indian wars, 284 army nurses, and 475,645 survivors, and widows and children of deceased soldiers and sailors of the war of the rebellion. The latter number represents those pensioned on account of disabilities or death resulting from army and navy service. The number of persons remaining on the rolls June 30, 1893, who were pensioned under the act of June 27, 1890, which allows pensions on account of death and disability not chargeable to army service, was 459,155. The number added to the rolls during the I am unable to understand why frauds in the pension rolls should not be exposed and corrected with thoroughness and vigor. Every name fraudulently put upon these rolls is a wicked imposition upon the kindly sentiment in which pensions have their origin; every fraudulent pensioner has become a bad citizen; every false oath in support of a pension has made perjury more common, and false and undeserving pensioners rob the people not only of their money, but of the patriotic sentiment which the survivors of a war, fought for the preservation of the Union, ought to inspire. Thousands of neighborhoods have their well-known fraudulent pensioners, and recent developments by the Bureau establish appalling conspiracies to accomplish pension frauds. By no means the least wrong done is to brave and deserving pensioners, who certainly ought not to be condemned to such association. Those who attempt in the line of duty to rectify these wrongs should not be accused of enmity or indifference to the claims of honest veterans. The sum expended on account of pensions for the year ending June 30, 1893, was $156,740,467.14. The Commissioner estimates that $165,000,ooo will be required to pay pensions during the year ending June 30, 1894.' The condition of the Indians and their ulti-ence of United States troops, furnished an exmate fate are subjects which are related to a hibition, though perhaps in a modified degree, sacred duty of the Government, and which of the mad scramble, the violence and the strongly appeal to the sense of justice and the fraudulent occupation which have accompanied sympathy of our people. previous openings of public land. Our Indians number about 248,000. Most of them are located on 161 reservations, containing 86,116,531 acres of land. About 110,000 of these Indians have, to a large degree, adopted civilized customs. Lands in severalty have been allotted to many of them. Such allotments have been made to 10,000 individuals during the last fiscal year, embracing about 1,000,000 acres. The number of Indian Government schools open during the year was 195, an increase of 12 over the preceding year. Of this total 170 were on reservations, of which 73 were boarding schools and 97 were day schools. Twenty boarding schools and 5 day schools supported by the Government were not located on reservations. The total number of Indian children enrolled during the year as attendants of all schools was 21,138, an increase of 1,231 over the enrollment for the previous year. I am sure that secular education and moral and religious teaching must be important factors in any effort to save the Indian and lead him to civilization. I believe, too, that the relinquish ment of tribal relations and the holding of land in severalty may, in favorable conditions, aid this consummation. It seems to me, however, that allotments of land in severalty ought to be made with great care and circumspection. If hastily done, before the Indian knows its meaning, while yet he has little or no idea of tilling a farm and no conception of thrift, there is great danger that a reservation life in tribal relations may be exchanged for the pauperism of civilization, instead of its independence and elevation. The solution of the Indian problem depends very largely upon good administration. The personal fitness of agents and their adaptability to the peculiar duty of caring for their wards, is of the utmost importance. The law providing that, except in especial cases, Army officers shall be detailed as Indian agents, it is hoped will prove a successful experiment. * I concur with the Secretary in the belief that these outrageous incidents cannot be entirely prevented without a change in the laws on the subject, and I hope his recommendations in that direction will be favorably considered. * * A review of our agricultural exports with special reference to their destination will show that in almost every line the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland absorbs by far the largest proportion. Of cattle the total exports aggregated in value for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1893, $26,000,000, of which Great Britain took considerably over $25,000,000. Of beef products of all kinds our total exports were $28,000,000, of which Great Britain took $24,000,000. Of pork products the total exports were $84,000,000, of which Great Britain took $53,000,000. In bread-stuffs, cotton, and minor products like proportions sent to the same destination are shown. * The continued intelligent execution of the civil-service law and the increasing approval by the people of its operation are most gratifying. The recent extension of its limitations and regulations to the employés at free-delivery postoffices, which has been honestly and promptly accomplished by the Commission, with the hearty co-operation of the Postmaster-General, is an immensely important advance in the usefulness of the system. I am, if possible, more than ever convinced of the incalculable benefits conferred by the civil service law, not only in its effect upon the public service, but also, what is even more important, in its effect in elevating the tone of political life generally The course of civil-service reform in this country instructively and interestingly illustrates how strong a hold a movement gains upon our people which has underlying it a sentiment of justice and right, and which at the same time promises better administration of their Govern ment. The appropriations on account of the Indian The law embodying this reform found its way Bureau for the year ending June 30, 1894, to our statute book more from fear of the popular amount to $7,954,962.99, a decrease. as com-sentiment existing in its favor than from any pared with the year preceding it of $387,131.95. | love for the reform itself on the part of legislaThe vast area of land which, but a short time tors; and it has lived and grown and flourished ago, constituted the public domain is rapidly in spite of the covert as well as open hostility falling into private hands. It is certain that in of spoilsmen and notwithstanding the querulous the transfer the beneficent intention of the Gov-impracticability of many self-constituted guarernment to supply from its domain homes to the industrious and worthy home seekers is often frustrated. Though the speculator, who stands with extortionate purpose between the land office and those who, with their families, are invited by the Government to settle on the public lands, is a despicable character who ought not to be tolerated, yet it is difficult to thwart his schemes. The recent opening to settlement of the lands in It seems to me to be entirely inconsistent with the Cherokee Outlet, embracing an area of the character of this reform, as well as with its 6,500,000 acres, notwithstanding the utmost care best enforcement, to oblige the Commission to in framing the regulations governing the selec-rely for clerical assistance upon clerks detailed tion of locations and notwithstanding the pres- from other Departments. There ought not to be dians. Beneath all the vagaries and sublimated theories which are attracted to it there underlies this reform a sturdy common-sense principle not only suited to this mundane sphere, but whose application our people are more and more recognizing to be absolutely essential to the most successful operation of their Government, if not to its perpetuity. such a condition in any Department that clerks | reform is accomplished by wise and careful hired to do work there can be spared to habit-legislation. ually work at another place; and it does not accord with a sensible view of civil-service reform that persons should be employed on the theory that their labor is necessary in one Department when in point of fact their services are devoted to entirely different work in another Department. I earnestly urge that the clerks necessary to carry on the work of the Commission be regularly put upon its roster, and that the system of obliging the Commissioners to rely upon the services of clerks belonging to other Departments be discontinued. This ought not to increase the expense to the Government, while it would certainly be more consistent and add greatly to the efficiency of the Commission. Economy in public expenditure is a duty that can not innocently be neglected by those in trusted with the control of money drawn from the people for public uses. It must be confessed that our apparently endless resources, the familiarity of our people with immense accumulations of wealth, the growing sentiment among them that the expenditure of public money should in some manner be to their immediate and personal advantage, the indirect and almost stealthy manner in which a large part of our taxes are exacted, and a degenerated sense of official accountability, have led to growing extravagance in governmental appropriations. At this time, when a depleted public Treasury confronts us, when many of our people are engaged in a hard struggle for the necessaries of life, and when enforced economy is pressing upon the great mass of our countrymen, I desire to urge with all the earnestness at my command that Congressional legislation be so limited by strict economy as to exhibit an appreciation of the condition of the Treasury and a sympathy with the straitened circumstances of our fellow citizens. The duty of public economy is also of immense importance in its intimate and necessary! relation to the task now in hand of providing revenue to meet Government expenditures, and yet reducing the people's burden of Federal taxation. While we should staunchly adhere to the principle that only the necessity of revenue justifies the imposition of tariff duties and other Federal taxation, and that they should be limited by strict economy, we can not close our eyes to the fact that conditions have grown up among us which in justice and fairness call for discriminating care in the distribution of such duties and taxation as the emergencies of our Government actually demand. Manifestly, if we are to aid the people directly through tariff reform, one of its most obvious features should be a reduction in present tariff charges upon the necessaries of life. The benefits of such a reduction would be palpable and substantial, seen and felt by thousands who would be better fed and better clothed and better sheltered. These gifts should be the willing benefactions of a Government whose highest function is the promotion of the welfare of the people. Not less closely related to our people's prosperity and well-being is the removal of restrictions upon the importation of the raw materials necessary to our manufactures. The world should be open to our national ingenuity and enterprise. This can not be while Federal legislation, through the imposition of high tariff, forbids to American manufacturers as cheap materials as those used by their competitors. It is quite obvious that the enhancement of the price of our manufactured products resulting from this policy not only confines the market for these products within our own borders, to the direct disadvantage of our manufacturers, but also increases their cost to our citizens. The interests of labor are certainly, though indirectly, involved in this feature of our tariff system. The sharp competition and active struggle among our manufacturers to supply the limited demand for their goods, soon fill the narrow market to which they are confined. Then follows a suspension of work in mills and factories, a discharge of employés, and distress in the homes of our workingmen. Even if the often-disproved assertion could be made good that a lower rate of wages would reAfter a hard struggle tariff reform is directly sult from free raw materials and low tariff duties, before us. Nothing so impor ant claims our the intelligence of our workingmen leads them attention and nothing so clearly presents itself quickly to discover that their steady employment, as both an opportunity and a duty-an oppor permitted by free raw materials, is the most imtunity to deserve the gratitude of our fellow-portant factor in their relation to tariff legislacitizens and a duty imposed upon us by our oftrepeated professions and by the emphatic mandate of the people. After full discussion our countrymen have spoken in favor of this reform, and they have confided the work of its accomplishment to the hands of those who are solemnly pledged to it. If there is anything in the theory of a representation in public places of the people and their desires, if public officers are really the servants of the people, and if political promises and professions have any binding force, our failure to give the relief so long awaited will be sheer recreancy. Nothing should intervene to distract our attention or disturb our effort until this tion. A measure has been prepared by the appropriate Congressional committee embodying tariff reform on the lines herein suggested, which will be promptly submitted for legislative action. It is the result of much patriotic and unselfish work, and I believe it deals with its subject consistently and as thoroughly as existing conditions permit. I am satisfied that the reduced tariff duties provided for in the proposed legislation, added to existing internal-revenue taxation, will, in the near future, though perhaps not immediately, produce sufficient revenue to meet the needs of the Government. The committee, after full consideration, and to provide against a temporary deficiency which | unselfish counsel on the part of the friends of may exist before the business of the country tariff reform and as a result of their willingness adjusts itself to the new tariff schedules, have to subordinate personal desires and ambitions to wisely embraced in their plan a few additional the general good. The local interests affected internal-revenue taxes, including a small tax by the proposed. reform are so numerous and so upon incomes derived from certain corporate in- varied that if all are insisted upon the legislation embodying the reform must inevitably fail. vestments. These new assessments are not only absolutely just and easily borne, but they have the further merit of being such as can be remitted without unfavorable business disturbance whenever the necessity of their imposition no longer exists. In my great desire for the success of this measure, I can not restrain the suggestion that its success can only be attained by means of In conclusion, my intense feeling of responsibility impels me to invoke for the manifold interests of a generous and confiding people the most scrupulous care, and to pledge my willing support to every legislative effort for the advancement of the greatness and prosperity of our beloved country. GROVER CLEVELAND. XIV. THE HAWAIIAN QUESTION UNDER THE HARRISON ADMINISTRATION, 2D SESSION, 52D CONGRESS. President Harrison's Message, Transmit- its origin in what seems to have been a reactionting to the Senate the Treaty of Annex-ary and revolutionary policy on the part of ation of the 14th of February, 1893, the Treaty Itself, and the Report of Secretary of State Foster upon It. MESSAGE OF PRESIDENT HARRISON. To the Senate: I transmit herewith, with a view to its ratification, a treaty of annexation concluded on the 14th day of February, 1893, between Hon. John W. Foster, Secretary of State, who was duly empowered to act in that behalf on the part of the United States, and Lorrin A. Thurston, W. R. Castle, W. C. Wilder, C. L. Carter, and Joseph Marsden, the commissioners on the part | of the Provisional Government of the Hawaiian Islands. Queen Liliuokalani, which put in serious peril not only the large and preponderating interests of the United States in the islands, but all foreign interests, and indeed the decent administration of civil affairs and the peace of the islands. It is quite evident that the monarchy had become effete and the Queen's government so weak and inadequate as to be the prey of designing and unscrupulous persons. The restoration of Queen Liliuokalani to her throne is undesirable, if not impossible, and unless actively supported by the United States would be accompanied by serious disaster and the disorganization of all business interests. The influence and interest of the United States in the islands must be increased and not diminished. Only two courses are now open; one the establishment of a protectorate by the United The treaty, it will be observed, does not States, and the other, annexation full and comattempt to deal in detail with the questions that plete. I think the latter course, which has been grow out of the annexation of the Hawaiian Is-adopted in the treaty, will be highly promotivelands to the United States. The commissioners representing the Hawaiian Government have consented to leave to the future and to the just and benevolent purposes of the United States the adjustment of all such questions. I do not deem it necessary to discuss at any length the conditions which have resulted in this decisive action. It has been the policy of the administration not only to respect, but to encourage the continuance of an independent government in the Hawaiian Islands so long as it afforded suitable guarantees for the protection of life and property and maintained a stability and strength that gave adequate security against the domination of any other power. The moral support of this Government has continually manifested itself in the most friendly diplomatic relations, and in many acts of courtesy to the Hawaiian rulers. The overthrow of the monarchy was not in any way promoted by this Government, but had of the best interests of the Hawaiian people, and, is the only one that will adequately secure theinterests of the United States. These interests. are not wholly selfish. It is essential that nome of the other great powers shall secure these islands. Such a possession would not consist with our safety and with the peace of the world. This view of the situation is so apparent and conclusive that no protest has been heard from any government against proceedings looking to annexation. Every foreign representative at Honolulu promptly acknowledged the provisional government, and I think there is a general concurrence in the opinion that the deposed queen ought not to be restored. Prompt action upon this treaty is very desirable. If it meets the approval of the Senate peace and good order will be secured in the islands under existing laws until such time as Congress can provide by legislation a permanent form of government for the islands. This legislation |