Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mẻ, mêt; plne or pine, pin; nò, nôt; õỡ as in good,

*

point of size and population of the group of islands to which it gives its name. It is intersected by the 28th parallel of N. Lat., and the meridian of 15° 30' W. Lon. The form is nearly circular. Length 33 m.; greatest breadth, 30 m. Area about 800 sq. in. Pop. in 1835, 64,040. (P. C.)

CAN-DA-HAR or KANDAHAR, a city, formerly the cap. of Afghanistan, and now of a kingdom or prov. of its own name. It is regularly built, and is one of the finest towns in Asia. Lat. 32° 10′ N., Lon. 66° 30′ E. Pop. 100,000. (B.)

CAN-DI-A OF CRETE (Anc. Cre/ta), one of the largest islands in the Mediterranean, situated S. E. of the Morea, between 35° 55′ and 36° 42′ N. Lat., and 23° 30′ and 26° 20′ E. Lon. Length about 160 m.; greatest breadth, near 40 m. A ridge of hills runs through the whole length of the island, near the middle of which Mount Ida rises far above the rest, to the height of about 7,800 ft. Pop. estimated at 300,000. (P. C.)—Candia, the capital, is still a strong place, though much decayed, compared with what it was under the Venetians. It is the seat of a Greek archbishopric. Lat. 35° 16' N., Lon. 25° 18′ E. Pop. 12,000. (M.) Adj. and inhab. CAN-DI-OT and CAN-DI-AN.

CAN-E-A, pronounced by the Turks Hå-nee/-å, a t. in the i. of Candia, on the site of the ancient Cydonia. Lat. 35° 28′ N., Lon. 24° 2′ E. Pop. estimated at 12,000. (B.)

CANNES, kånn, a small commercial t. of France, in the dep. of Var, on the Mediterranean, 16 m. N. E. of Frejus. Pop. in 1832, 3,720. (P. C.)

CAN-NON, a co. near the centre of Tenn. Pop. 8,982.

CAN-ONS-BURG, a t. of Pa., in Washington co., the seat of Jefferson College, which was incorporated in 1802.

CANTAL, kåN'-tål', a dep. in the S. central part of France, bordering on the r. Dordogne. Pop. 262,117. (B.) Capital, Aurillac.

CANTERBURY, kan/-tef-ber'-re, a city of Kent, and the metropolitan see of all England, on the Stour, 56 m. from London. Lat. 51° 17 N., Lon. 1° 5' E. Pop. including an area of 5 sq. m., 15,435.

CANTIRE. See CANTYRE.

CAN-TON', a city of China, in the prov. of Quang-tong, of which Canton is a European corruption. It is situated on the Choo-kiang (ke-ang/), or Pearl River, 32 m. from its mouth. Like other Chinese

towns, it is divided into two distinct parts, separated by a wall, called the Chinese or Old City, and the Tartar or New City. The streets of Canton are paved, and ordinarily very clean, but very narrow. The houses have but one story, and are built mostly of brick. This town is remarkable for having been, till recently, the only emporium of maritime commerce in China, to which Europeans were admitted. It is

⚫ Several works on geography, of high character, describe this island as the largest of the Canaries. The epithet Grand may have been given to it, before the relative size of the different islands was accurately known. Teneriffe exceeds it in superficial extent by nearly 150 sq. m., and in population by above 16,000.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; тH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. still the principal port for foreign trade. Lat. 23° 8' N., Lon. 113° 2′ E. Pop. estimated at 500,000. (B.)

CAN-TYRE OF CAN-TIRE/* Sometimes written also KINTYRE, a peninsula in the S. W. part of Scotland, forming the southern extremity of Argyleshire.

CAPE BRETON, kape brit-on, an i. of British N. America, E. of Nova Scotia, between 45° 27′ and 47° 4′ N. Lat., and 59° 45′ and 61° 38′ W. Lon. Its length is about 100 m.; its greatest breadth, 85 m. area is about 3,125 sq. m. Pop. in 1827, 18,700. (P. C.)

The

CAPE COAST CASTLE, a t. and fortress of Africa; the cap. of the British possessions on the Gold Coast. Lat. 5° 6' N., Lon. 1° 14′ W. Pop. estimated at 8,000. (B.)

CAPE COD, a peninsula of Mass., on the S. side of Massachusetts Bay. It lies S. and E. of a bay of the same name.

CAPE FEAR, the S. extremity of Smith's Island, situated at the mouth of Cape Fear r.

CAPE FEAR RIVER, the largest and most important r. in N. C., rises in the N. part of the state, and, flowing south-easterly, falls into the Atlantic, in about 33° 55 N. Lat., and 78° 5 W. Lon. Its whole length is near 300 m. It is navigable for steamboats to Fayetteville, about 90 m.

CAPE GIRARDEAU (je`-rar-do'), a co. in the S. E. part of Mo., bordering on the Mississippi r. Pop. 13,912. Co. t. Jackson.

CAPE OF GOOD HOPE, at the S. extremity of Africa, was discovered in 1493, by Diaz, the Portuguese navigator, who called it Cabo Tormentoso, or Cape of Storms. On his return home, the king of Portu gat gave it the name of Cape of Good Hope, as an omen that the Portuguese had now a fair prospect of reaching India, the great object of their maritime expeditions. It is in Lat. 34° 22′ S.-A colony in S. Africa takes its name from the above cape. It belonged originally to the Dutch, but was formally ceded to Great Britain in 1815. The climate of this region is subject to great extremes; though the country is deluged with rains during the cold season, in the hot months nearly all the springs are dried up. The rivers are two shallow, or their current is two rapid for purposes of navigation. Nearly two-thirds of the land is destitute of vegetation, during the greater part of the year. The country, however, contains spots of extraordinary fertility. The principal productions are wheat, barley, and wine. Cape Town, the cap. of the colony, founded by the Dutch, in 1650, is situated on Table Bay, and has a castle of considerable strength. Lat. 33° 55′ S., Lon. 18° 21' E. Pop. in 1834, 19,387. (P. C.)

CAPE HAI-TI-EN, (Fr. Cap Haïtien, kåp I`-te- âN',) once an important seaport t. of St. Domingo, the cap. of the former kingdom of Haiti. It was entirely destroyed, May 7, 1842, by an earthquake, in which

#66 Lest, rounding wild CANTIRE, they meet

The southern foeman's watchful fleet,"

SCOTT's Lord of the Isles. Canto IV

Fate, får, fåll, fåt; mè, met; plne or pine, pln; no, not; oo, as in good;

7,000 persons are supposed to have perished; but it has since been par tially rebuilt. Lat. 19° 46′ N., Lon. 72° 16′ W. Pop. formerly esti

mated at near 10,000. (B.)

CAPE HORN, a cape regarded as the S. extremity of America. It is however, not a part of the continent, but the most southern point of a small island belonging to the group commonly called Terra del Fuego. Lat. 55° 58′ 30′′ S., Lon. 67° 21′ W.

CAPE MAY, a co. forming the S. extremity of N. J. Pop. 6,433. Seat of justice, Cape May c. h.

CAPE PAL-MAS, a cape of W. Africa, on the coast of Guinea, near 4° 20 N. Lat., and 7° 40′ W. Lon. Here is a missionary station.

CAPE VERD ISLANDS (Ilhas Verdas, eel/-yås ver'-dås), so called by the Portuguese, because the sea to the W. of them is covered with gulfweed, so as to present some resemblance to extensive meadows. This group is about 300 m. from the W. coast of Africa, between 14° 17' and 17° 19 N. Lat., and 22° 10′ and 25° 30′ W. Lon. There are 14 islands; 9 of them are inhabited, of which Sam-Tiago, S. Nicolao, Boa Vista, and S. Antao are the most important. They belong to Portugal.

CAPE VIN-CENT, a village and port of entry of N. Y., in Jefferson co., on the St. Lawrence, near the N. E. extremity of L. Ontario.

CAPRI, kål-pre, (Anc. Ca/preæ,) a beautiful rocky island in the Mediterranean. 8 or 9 m. in circuit, and about 20 m. due S. from Naples. Among other curiosities, it contains a singular and romantic grotto, which appears to have been a favourite resort of the emperor Tiberius, who resided a long time in Capreæ. This cave can be entered only from the sea, by a very narrow opening. For a full description of it, we would refer the reader to No. 147 of the Penny Magazine. Lat. 40° 32′ N., Lon. 14° 14′ E. Pop. about 3,000. (P. C.)

CAP-U-A, or ka/-poo-å, a strongly fortified archiepiscopal t. of Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, situated on the left bank of the Volturno, 15 m. N. W. of the capital. The modern Capua does not occupy the same site as the ancient, but that of a much inferior t., called by the Romans Casilinum. The ruins of the ancient Capua are to be seen in the neighbourhood. Lat. 41°7' N., Lon. 14° 11' E. Pop. about 8,000. (B.) CAQUETA. See JAPURA.

CAR-AC-AS or kå-rå-kås, the cap. of Venezuela, S. America, is dis tant 20 m. by the road, from its port, La Guayra, on the Caribbean Sea. In the early part of the present century, the pop. of this t. was esti mated at 50,000; but the great earthquake of 1912, in which 12,000 persons are said to have perished, and the subsequent war and civil dissensions, have so reduced the number of the inhabitants, that it does not probably, at present, much exceed 30,000. (P. C.) | Lat. 10° 31 N., Lon. 67° 4′ 45′′ W.

CAR-A-MA-NI-A or KARAMANIA, an extensive territory in the S. part of Asiatic Turkey, which reaches from the Gulf of Scanderoon, along the Mediterranean, to the Gulf of Macri. It is upwards of 400 m. in length; but the limits do not appear to be accurately defined. According to Captain Beaufort, the appellation Caramania is neither sed by

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. the present inhabitants nor recognized at the seat of government. It seems to be derived from Karaman, who founded a kingdom here in the middle ages, which was conquered by the Turks, about 1485.Adj. and inhab. CAR-A-MA-NI-AN.

CAR-EON, a co. in the E. part of Pa., intersected by the r. Lehigh. It abounds in coal. Co. t. Mauch Chunk. Pop. 15,686.

CARCASSONNE, kår -kas-sonn', (Lat. Car/caso,) an ancient, manufacturing and commercial city of France, cap. of the dep. of Aude, on the r. Aude and the Southern Canal (Canal du Midi), which unites the Garonne with the Mediterranean. Lat. 43° 13' N., Lon. 2° 22' E. Pop. 17,000. (B.)

cap.

CAR-DIFF OF CAERDIFF, a commercial t. of Wales, formerly the of Glamorganshire, situated on a canal of its own name. Lat. 51° 28' N., Lon. 3 10 W. Pop. 10,077.

CAR-DI-GAN, & seaport t. of Wales, cap. of Cardiganshire. Lat. 52° 5' N., Lon. 4° 38′ W. Pop. 2,925.

CAR-DI-GAN-SHIRE, a co. of S. Wales, bordering on Cardigan Bay. Pop. 68,766.

CAR-IB-BE-AN SEA, that part of the Atlantic which lies between the principal W. India Islands and S. America.

CAR/-IB-BEE ISLANDS, are a series of small islands, extending from Porto Rico to Trinidad, which is included. The name is derived from the Carl-ibs or Carl-ib-bees', a tribe of S. American aborigines, who, when Columbus discovered America, were in possession of the smaller W. India Islands; from which, however, they have been nearly extirpated by the Europeans.

CAR-IN-THI-A, (Ger. Kärnthen, kaiRn/-ten,) a country in the S. part of the Austrian empire, intersected by the r. Drave. It is about 120 m. in length, and 40 m. in breadth.-Adj. and inhab. CAR-IN-THI-AN.

CARLISLE, kar-lile', an ancient city and port of England, cap. of Cumberland co., on the little r. Eden, 260 m. N. N. W. from London. It is connected, by a ship canal, with Bowness (bo-ness/) on Solway Frith, by which vessels of 100 tons can come up to the town. It communicates also with Newcastle by a railroad. Pop., including an area of 10 s 0 sq. m., 23,012.

CARLISLE, a t. of Pa., the cap. of Cumberland co., and the seat of Dickinson College, founded in 1783. Pop. 4,500.

CAR-LOW, an inland co. of Ireland, in the prov. of Leinster. Pop. in 1831, 81,649. (P. C.)

CARLOW, a t. of Ireland, cap. of the above co., 43 m. S. S. W. of Dublin. Pop. 10,612. (P. C.)

Carlowitz or KARLOWITZ, kar-lo-vits, (Hung, Karlovácz, kar-lovååts,) an archiepiscopal t. of the Austrian empire, in the military frontiers of Slavonia. Lat. 45° 12′ N., Lon. 20° 3′ E. Pop. 6,000. (B.) CARLSBAD OF KARLSBAD, kaRls/-båt, a t. of Bohemia, celebrated for its warm springs and baths, said to have been founded about the year 1370, by Charles IV., whence its name, which signifies "Charles's bath." Lat. 50° 13' N., Lon. 12° 52′ E. Permanent pop. about 2,600. (B.)

K

Fate, far, fall, fat; mê, mét; pine or pine, pin ; nỗ, nốt; vỡ as in good,

CARLSCRONA, karls-kroo'-nå, frequently written in English CARLSCROON, a fortified seaport t. of Sweden; cap. of the district (or län) of Blekingen (blek/-ing-en), remarkable for its admirably built citadel, its extensive dry-docks, and its fine harbour, which is the station of the Swedish navy. Lat. 56° 10' N., Lon. 15° 30′ E. Pop. 12,000. (B.) CARLSRUHE OF KARLSRUHE, karls/-roo, the cap. of the grand-duchy of Baden, Germany, situated about 4 m. from the E. bank of the Rhine. It has flourishing manufactures and considerable commerce. Among its numerous literary institutions is a public library of 70,000 vols. Lat. 49° N., Lon. 8° 27′ E. Pop. above 20,000. (B.)

CAR-NAT/-IC, a prov. in the S. of Hindostan, between 8° and 16° N. Lat., and 77° and 81° E. Lon. It borders on the Bay of Bengal, and extends along the coast 560 m.

CAR-NI-O'-LA (Ger. Krain, krine), formerly a duchy in the S. part of the Austrian empire, N. E. of, and bordering on the Gulf of Venice.— Adj. CAR-NI-O'-LAN and CAR/-NIC.-Inhab. CARNIOLAN.

CAROLINA, kâr-o-li/-na, the name of a colonial settlement in N. America, made by the English, about the middle of the 17th century. North and South Carolina originally constituted but one colony; they were, however, divided in 1729, and since the Revolution have formed two separate states.-Inhab. CAR-O-LIN/-I-AN.

NORTH CAROLINA extends from 33° 50′ to 36° 30′ N. Lat., and from 75° 25' to 84° 30′ W. Lon. It is bounded on the N. by Virginia, E. and S. E. by the Atlantic, S. by South Carolina and Georgia, and W. by Tennessee, and divided into 79 counties.* Extreme length, measuring from Cape Hatteras on the E., about 500 m.; greatest breadth, 180 m. The area is estimated at 50,000 sq. m. Pop. 868,903, of whom 553,295 are whites, 27,196 free coloured persons, and 288,412 slaves. Raleigh is the seat of government.

SOUTH CAROLINA extends from 32° to 35° 8' N. Lat., and from 78° 24' to 83° 30′ W. Lon. It is bounded on the N. and N. E. by North Carolina, S. E. by the Atlantic, S. W. and W. by Georgia, and divided into 29 districts. Length about 260 m.; greatest breadth, from N. to S., 215 m. Area estimated at 33,000 sq. m. Pop. 668,507, of whom

*Anson, Ashe, Beaufort, Bertie, Bladen, Brunswick, Buncombe, Burke, Cabarras, Caldwell, Camden, Carteret, Caswell, Catawba, Chatham, Cherokee, Chowan, Cleveland, Columbus, Craven, Cumberland, Currituck, Davidson, Davie, Duplin, Edgecombe, Franklin, Gates, Granville, Greene, Guilford, Halifax, Haywood, Henderson, Hertford, Hyde, Iredell, Johnson, Jones, Lenoir, Lincoln, Macon, Martin, McDowell, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Moore, Nash, New Hanover, Northampton, Onslow, Orange, Pasquotank, Perquimans, Person, Pitt, Randolph Richmond, Robeson, Rockingham, Rowan, Rutherford, Sampson, Stanly, Stokes Surry, Tyrrel, Union, Wake, Warren, Washington, Alamance, Alexander, Forsyth, Gaston, Watauga, Wayne, Wilkes, Yancey.

† Abbeville, Anderson, Barnwell, Beaufort, Charleston, Chester, Chesterfield, Colleton, Darlington, Edgefield, Fairfield, Georgetown, Greenville, Horry, Kershaw, Lancaster, Laurens, Lexington, Marion, Marlborough, Newberry, Orangeburg, Pickens, Richland, Spartanburg, Sumter, Union, Williamsburg, York.