ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this: N, nearly like ng.

CÖSLIN, COESLIN or KÖSLIN, kös-leen', a walled t. of Prussia, in Pomerania, the cap. of a circle of the same name, and of the principality of Camin (kå-meen'). Lat. 54° 13′ N., Lon. 16° 12′ E. Pop. near 6,090. (B.)

COSNE, kōne, (Anc. Conda/te,) a t. of France, in the dep. of Nièvres, remarkable for its manufactures in iron. Lat. 47° 24' N., Lon. 2° 56' E. Pop. in 1832, 5,123. (P. C.)

Cos/-SACKS, a people inhabiting the southern parts of the Russian empire, particularly those bordering on Poland, Turkey and Tartary. The name is supposed to be derived from the Tartar word Kasak, or Kaisak, signifying light-armed mercenary horsemen. They are very warlike, and are extensively employed in the Russian military service. They are said to be, in general, very honest and hospitable.

COSSEIR, kos-sare', a small t. of Egypt, on the Red Sea, with extensive storehouses, where the caravans which trade with Arabia deposite their goods. Lat. 26° 7' N., Lon. 34° 13′ E.

COSTARICA, kos-tå-ree/-kå, or "rich coast," the most southerly of the united states of Central America. Its territory borders on New Granada. S. José is the capital.

CÔTE D'OR, kôte dor, a dep. in the E. part of France, intersected by the r. Saône. Pop. 385,624. (B.) Capital, Dijon.

CÔTES DU NORD, kôte dü nor, (i. e. literally "coasts of the north,”) a dep. in the N. W. of France, bordering on the English Channel. Pop. 605,563. (B.) Capital, St. Brieux.

COTOPAXI, ko-to-pax/-e or ko-to-på-He, a celebrated volcanic mountain of S. America, in the territory of Ecuador, nearly 40 m. S. by E. from Quito. In 1738, the flames rose 900 metres (nearly 3,000 English ft.) above the sides of its crater; and, in 1748, its roaring was heard at Honda, in New Granada, at the distance of near 500 m. Height, 2,950 toises, or 18,868 English ft. (B.) Lat. 0° 44′ S., Lon. 76° 40′ W.

COTTBUS OF KOTTBUS, kott/-boos, a walled t. of Prussia, on the Spree, cap. of a circle of the same name. Lat. 51° 45′ N., Lon. 14° 22′ E. Pop. 6,600. (B.)

COURLAND. See KOORLAND.

COURTRAY or COURTRAI, KOOR`-trà', (Flem. Kortryk, kort/-rike,) a fortified manufacturing t. of W. Flanders, cap. of a dist. of the same name, situated on the r. Lys, 25 m. S. of Bruges. This town existed in the time of the Romans, under the name of Cortoriacum. Lat. 50° 50' N., Lon. 3° 16' E. Pop. nearly 19,000. (B.)

COUTANCE, koo-tance', (Lat. Constan/tia,) a city of France, in the dep. of Manche. This town is said to have been built by the emperor Constantius, (father of Constantine the Great,) and called after his own name, Constantia, of which Coutance is a corruption. Lat. 49° 3 N. Lon. 1° 26' W. Pop. in 1832, 8,957. (P. C.)

COVENTRY, kuv-en-tre, a city of England, situated within the limits of Warwickshire, but constituting, with several adjacent villages, a separate county, called the County of the City of Coventry; the

M

Fåte, får, fåll, fåt; mè, mêt; pine or pine, pin; no, not; oo as in good; mẻ, or nỏ, as

area of which is above 23 sq. m. The town is situated nearly in the centre of the kingdom, 10 m. N. N. E. of Warwick. Coventry has been the seat of two parliaments, one held during the reign of Henry IV., in 1404, the other in the time of Henry VI., in 1459. Pop. of the city, with an area of 8 sq. m., 30,743; that of the co., exclusive of the city, 10,664.

COVINGTON, kuv/-ing-tọn, a co. in the S. part of Ala., bordering on Florida. Pop. 3,645. Co. t. Montezuma.

COVINGTON, & Co. in the S. part of Miss., a little E. of Pearl r. Pop. 3,338. Co. seat, Williamsburg.

CowES, kouz, a seaport t. of England, in the Isle of Wight, on the W. side of the r. Medina, at its mouth, with a safe and commodious harbour. It is sometimes called West Cowes, to distinguish it from a hamlet on the opposite side of the Medina. Lat. 50° 46' N., Lon. 1° 18′ W. Pop. 4,107.

Cow-E-TA, a co. in the W. part of Ga., bordering on the Chattahoochee r. Pop. 13,635. Co. t. Newman.

CRACOW, kral-co, a republic of Europe, formerly constituting a part of the kingdom of Poland. Its existence, as an independent state, dates from the congress of Vienna, in 1815, when the three great powers, Austria, Russia, and Prussia, not being able to agree to which of them it should be assigned, determined to form it into an independent republic, under their joint protection, guaranteeing to it perpetual neutrality and inviolability of its territory, except in the case of its affording an asylum to deserters, or offending against any of the three protecting powers. It lies on the northern bank of the Vistula, and contains an area of about 490 sq. m. Pop. 114,000. (B.)

CRACOW (Polish, Kraków, krå/-koof; Lat. Craco/via); the chief t. of the above, is situated on the Vistula, at its confluence with the Radeva (rå-da/-vå). This ancient capital of Poland received its name from Kracus, duke of the Poles and Bohemians, who is said to have founded it, about the year 700. Formerly the limits of the city were much more extensive than now, and the pop. amounted to thrice the present number. The most striking of its ancient monuments is the cathedral, the finest in Poland. Here the kings of Poland were crowned, and here are the tombs of most of the Polish monarchs and heroes; among others, we may mention those of Sobieski and Kosciusko. Lat. of the Observatory, 50° 3′ 49′′ N., Lon. 19° 58′ 6′′ E. Pop. above 25,000. (B.)—Adj. and inhab. CRA-CO-VI-AN.

CRA-VEN, a co. in the E. part of N. C., intersected by the Neuse. Pop. 14,709. Co. t. Newbern.

CRAWFORD, a co. in the N. W. part of Pa., bordering on Ohio. Pop. 37,849. Co. t. Meadville.

CRAWFORD, a Co. in the S. W. central part of Ga., intersected by the Flint r. Pop. 8,984. Co. t. Knoxville.

CRAWFORD, a Co. on the western border of Ark., intersected by the Arkansas r. Pop. 7,960. Seat of justice, Crawford c. h.

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. CRAWFORD, a co. in the N. part of Ohio, intersected by the Sandusky r. Pop. 18,177. Co. t. Bucyrus.

CRAWFORD (Shawano), a co. in the N. or N. central part of Mich. CRAWFORD, a co. in the S. part of Ind., bordering on the Ohio r. Pop. 6,524. Co. t. Fredonia.

CRAWFORD, a co. in the E. part of Ill., bordering on the Wabash r. Pop. 7,135. Co. t. Palestine.

CRAWFORD, a co. in the S. E. central part of Mo., intersected by the Maramec r. Pop. 6,397. Co. t. Steelville.

CRAWFORD, a co., or rather territory, in the N. central part of Wisconsin. Pop. 2,498.

CREEK INDIANS, formerly a numerous and powerful tribe dwelling in Ga. and Ala. Their number was much reduced by the war of 1814; and of those who survived, most have removed beyond the Mississippi. Some of them have made considerable progress in civilization.

CREFELD, kral-felt, a walled t. of Germany, belonging to Prussia, the cap. of a circle of the same name. It is a handsome and flourishing place, and has extensive manufactories. Lat. 51° 20′ N., Lon. 6° 32′ E. Pop. about 19,000. (P. C.)

CREMA,kral-må, a commercial t. of Austrian Italy, 25 m. E. S. E. of Milan. Lat. 45° 21′ N., Lon. 9° 42′ E. Pop. near 9,000. (B.)

CRE-MO-NA (It. pron. krå-mo'-nå), an ancient t. of Austrian Italy, the cap. of a prov. of the same name, is situated on the N. bank of the Po, and surrounded by walls, flanked with towers. This town was known to the ancient Romans under its present name, and is mentioned by Virgil in his Bucolics (Eclogue IX.) It was the birth-place of the poet Vida, who flourished during the reign of Leo X. Lat. 45° 8' N., Lon. 10° 2′ E. Pop. about 27,000. (B.)—Adj. and inhab. CREM`-0

NESE.

CREUSE, kruz, a dep. in the S. central part of France, deriving its name from the r. Creuse, a small stream which rises near the S. border, and, flowing through almost the whole length of the dep., falls into the Vienne. Pop. 276,234. (B.) Capital, Guéret.

CREUTZNACH. See KREUZNACH.

CRIM-E-A (Russ. Krim; Anc. Chersone/sus Tau/rica); a four-sided peninsula in the S. E. part of European Russia, formed by the Black Sea and the See of Azof, between 44° 22′ and 46° 10′ N. Lat., and 32° 36' and 36° 30′ E. Lon. Its extreme length is above 190 m.; its greatest breadth about 130. The area is estimated at 8,600 sq. m. Pop. estimated at near 300,000. (P. C.)--Adj. and inhab. CRIM-E-AN.

CRIT-TEN-DEN, a co. in the E. part of Ark., bordering on the Mississippi r. Pop. 2,648. Co. t. Marion.

CRITTENDEN, a co. in the N. W. part of Ky., bordering on the Ohio. Pop. 6,351.

CROATIA, kro--she-a, (called by the natives Horváth Ország, horvååt OR-sååg,) a country of Europe, belonging to the empire of Austria, and constituting the S. W. division of Hungary. It lies between 44° 5' and 46° 25′ N. Lat., and 14° 20′ and 17° 25′ E. Lon. The Croatians are a rude and warlike people, but are said to possess great fidelity

Fate, far, fall, fát; mẻ, mét; pine or pine, pin ; nỏ, nôt; Oõ as in good ;

towards their sovereign.-Adj. CROATIAN, kro-a/-she-an. -Inhab. CROATIAN and CRO/-AT.

CROIX, ST. See SANTA CRUZ.

CROIX, ST., sent-kroil, or Pas`-SA-MA-QUOD/-DY, a r. which forms a part of the boundary between Maine and New Brunswick.

CROIX, ST., a co. in the N. part of Wisconsin, on a river of the same name, which flows into the Mississippi. Pop. 809.

CROM-AR-TY, a co. of Scotland, formed of several detached portions within the co. of Ross, which see.

CROMARTY, a seaport t. of Scotland, cap. of the above, on the S. side of a frith of the same name, about 16 m. N. N. E. of Inverness. Pop. 1,938.

CRONSTADT, kron/-stått, or KRUH/-NEN, the largest and most commercial t. in Transylvania, and the cap. of a co. of the same name. It is well built and strongly fortified, being surrounded with towers, walls, and ditches. Lat. 45° 41' N., Lon. 25° 33′ E. Pop. above 25,000. (B.)

CRONSTADT, a town, fortress, and port of Russia, situated on an island in the Bay of Cronstadt, about 20 m. W. by N. of St. Petersburg. It is the great naval station of the Russian fleet; and vessels which are too large to ascend to St. Petersburg, here unload their cargoes, to be transported in smaller craft. Lat. 60° N., Lon. 29° 49′ E. Pop., during the summer, upwards of 40,000, (P. C.); but the town seems almost deserted in winter.

CROOKED LAKE, a small lake in the W. central part of N. Y., situ. ted in the counties of Steuben and Yates.

CRO-TON, a r. of N. Y., which rises on the borders of Conn., and, running south-westerly, falls into that part of the Hudson which is called the Tappan Sea. The waters of this stream have been recently employed for supplying the city of New York. (See NEW YORK.)

CROY/-DON, a manufacturing t. of England, in the co. of Surrey, 10m. S. of London. Pop. of the parish, 13,627.

CSABA, chob-boh, a large and flourishing market t. of Hungary, 63 m. S. S. W. of Debreczin. Pop. above 20,000. (B.)

CSONGRA'D, chon-grååd/, a t. of Hungary, formerly cap. of the county of this name, 31 m. N. of Szegedin. Pop. 10,613. (M.)

CU-BA (Sp. pron. koo/-bå), the largest of the West India islands, is situated between 19° 47′ and 23° 9′ N. Lat., and 74° and 85° W. Lon. Length, following the curve of the island, about 790 m.; greatest breadth 127 m. The area is computed at 42,212 sq. m. Cuba was discovered by Columbus, on his first voyage, in 1493; in 1511 the Spaniards made their first settlement, since which time it has remained in their possession. Population in 1841, 1,007,624. Havana is the chief t., and seat of government.-Adj. and inhab. Cu/-BẠN. (Sp. Cubano, koobå/-no.)

CUENCA, kwen/-kå, a walled t. of Spain, in New Castile, the cap. of a prov. of the same name. Lat. 40° 4' N., Lon. 2° 12′ W. Pop. 9,000. (B.)

CULM, kõõlm, a walled t. of West Prussia, cap. of a circle of the

ou, as in our; th, as in thin; TH, as in this; N, nearly like ng. same name, situated near the right bank of the Vistula. Lat. 53° 21′ N., Lon. 18° 25′ E. Pop. 5,300. (B.)

CUL-PEP-PER, a co. in the N. E. part of Va., on the head waters of the Rappahannock. Pop. 12,282. Seat of justice, Culpepper c. h. CUL-ROSS', a small t. of Scotland, on the N. shore of the Frith of Forth, 5 m. W. of Dunfermline.

CUMANA, koo-må-nå', a fortified t. of S. America, in the republic of Venezuela, cap. of the dep. of Maturin. It is situated above a mile from the sea, at the entrance of the Gulf of Cariaco, with a capacious and safe harbour. Lat. 10° 28' N., Lon. 64° 9′ W. Though it is much decayed, its pop. still amounts to near 10,000. (B.)

CU-MA-N-IA, GREAT, (see Int. XI.) or KUMANIA, (Hung. Nagy Kunság, nody* koon-shååg,) an independent dist. of Hungary, in the prov. "beyond the Theiss," between 47° and 47° 40′ N. Lat., and 20° 30′ and 21° 10' E. Lon. (P. C.) The area is about 424 sq. m. The whole surface is a low plain, and rendered so swampy by the inundations of the rivers, that nearly one-half of Cumania is a mere bog. There are here no large land proprietors or feudal lords, as in most parts of Hungary; the people have an independent jurisdiction of their own, and send representatives to the Hungarian diet. The Cumanians are a robust, athletic race, and very fond of rural pursuits, and are altogether a rich, happy, and independent people. The pop. amounts to about 43,000, of whom 37,000 are Protestants. Great Cumania contains one market town, Kardzag-uj-Szállás (kõrd-zŎg-oo-e-såål-låás). Lat. 47° 20′ N., Lon. 20° 55′ E. Pop. 11,100. (P. C.)

CUMANIA, LITTLE, (Hung. Kis Kunság, kish koon-shååg,) dist. of Hungary, in the prov. "this side the Theiss." It consists of several detached portions of land, with an aggregate area of about 1,000 sq. m., so that it is more than twice as large as Great Cumania. Pop. about 53,000. (P. C.) The general character of the country, as well as of the inhabitants, corresponds with that given under the head of Great Cumania. Their largest town is Felegyháza (fa-lady*-håå-zõh). Lat. about 46° 43′ N., Lon. 19° 54′ E. Pop. 12,970. (P. C.)—Adj. and inhab., relating to both districts, CU-MA-NI-AN.

CUM-BER-LAND (Lat. Cum/bria), a co. in the N. of England, bordering on Scotland and Solway Frith. Pop. 178,038.-Adj. and inhab. CUM BRI-AN.

CUMBERLAND, a co. in the S. W. part of Me., bordering on the sea. Pop. 79,549. Co. t. Portland.

CUMBERLAND, a co. in the S. W. part of N. J., bordering on the Delaware Bay. Pop. 17,189. Co. t. Bridgetown.

CUMBERLAND, a co. in the S. part of Pa., bordering on the Susquehanna r. Pop. 34,327. Co. t. Carlisle.

* See Introduction, XXII., 16 and 17.

The origin of the distinctive epithets of Little and Great, as applied to these districts, is not known. The relative size of the two territories may possibly have changed since the names were first bestowed.