currency, 368; commerce, ib.; exports, 369; | deficiency of revenue, ib.; financial state- ment for 1846-7, 370; low state of agricul- ture-indications of its former prosperity, ib.; inefficiency of free colored labor, and its causes, 372; act of Congress for encourag- ing immigration-failed of its object, 374; opposition to the project, ib.; religious ob- stacles, 375; feasibility of European colon- ization, 376; practical operation of the con- stitution-favorable as compared with other Spanish-American Republics, 377; obstacles in the character of the people, ib.; instances of unconstitutional executive acts, 378; un- favorable influences-want of nationality in the constitution and laws, 379; the military system-religious bigotry, 380; loose state of domestic relations, 381; favorable indica- tions-general interest in the cause of edu- cation, ib.; readiness to copy after the better established institutions of older countries, ib.; respect paid to energy and industry, 382; efforts to obtain recognition from other na- tions so far unsuccessful, ib.; prospects of the permanence of the Republic, 383.
Editorial Notices, 437, 548. England, the Policy of, and its Results, (Henry S. Carey,) 34. England the largest grain-export- ing country in the world, by converting food into manufactured products, 34; production retarded in proportion to the cost and labor of exchange, ib.; English idea of free trade, viz., forcing her colonies and other countries into dependence on her manufactures, 34; object of the repeal of the corn laws-a failure, ib.; has always looked abroad instead of at home for her prosperity, 36; immense waste of means in consequence, ib.; ; practical results of the separation of producer and consumer -neglect of agriculture at home and exhaus- tion of foreign dependencies, 37; the earth the sole producer-man fashions the ma- chine of production, ib.; the less labor be- stowed upon fashioning the products, and the more upon the machine itself, the greater the return for labor, 38; shown by the ex- ample of England, while English economists teach the reverse, ib.; effect of the nearness of a market on the amount of production, 39; advantages of cultivation in small farms, ib.; slowness of the adoption of agricultural im- provements, 40; the return for agricultural double that for manufacturing labor in Great Britain, ib.; yet buys her food abroad, and starves her population in manufacturing towns, ib.; consequent dependence upon for- eign countries, and demoralization and an- archy of trade and commerce, 42; falsity of the Malthusian theory, 43; present exhaus- tion of England, following upon that of her dependencies, ib.
English Novelists, Remarks on, (G. F. Deane,) 21. Charles Robert Maturin, 21; The Bride of Lammermuir, 27; Anne Radcliffe, 28; Mrs. Inchbald, 278.
Favorite Authors, Remarks on my, (G. F. Deane,) 464. Thomson, author of the Sea- sons, 464; Walton and Cotton, 470; Will- iam Shenstone, 473. Ferdousi the Persian Poet, 54. Foreign Miscellany, 100, 216, 334, 430, 542, 644.
Flower found in a Chest of Tea, To a, verse, (H. W. P..) 407.
Freedom of Opinion, 551. Union of Church and State impossible in a free nation, 551; the creed of free states based upon observa- tion of the moral necessities of men, and hence progressive, ib.; men necessarily di- vided in religious creeds resting upon faith- easily united in the ideas of liberty, justice and progress, resting upon necessity, 552; unreality of these ideas to abstractionists and demagogues, ib.; elevated aims and fixedness of principle of the true republican, 553; the triumph of obedience over the domination of pride and will the grand idea of Milton's works, ib.; variety of sect--its tendency to dogmatic exclusion and intolerance, ib.; free- dom of opinion a temporary refuge from per- secution and the differences of creeds, 555; never permits us to compel the adoption of our principles by another, ib.; slavery-its control and amelioration left by the constitu- tion to those immediately concerned, ib.; two sects have arisen subversive of freedom of opinion, the one to extend, the other to de- stroy this institution, 556; opinion usurping and despotic when it seizes the weapons of law to accomplish its ends, ib.; limits of the right of opinion-slaves, criminals, children, &c., debarred of necessity, 557; exclusive right to political opinion conferred upon those who are qualified to use it, ib.; freedom of opinion a vital point of republican liberty, 558; impossible under a pure democraty, ib.; the condition only of a free and intelligent mind, ib.; not secured to the press in all cases by freedom from restrictions, ib.; ten- dency to confound liberty with license, 559; no liberty apart from justice and truth, ib.; the great conservative party of the Union- freedom of opinion its fundamental doctrine, ib.; American republicanism the golden mean between the radicalism and despotism of Eu- rope, 560.
French Revolution, Three Stages of the, (John M. Mackie, A.M.,) 299. Louis Philippe the king of the bourgeoisie, 299; definition of this class-capitalists, small and large, 300; overthrew Louis XVI., and alternately ad- hered to and abandoned his successors, as
the interests of trade dictated, ib.; revolution of 1830 made by and for the bourgeoisie, 301; Louis Philippe-his government no improvement upon the former, ib.; main- tained by blood and unlimited corruption wholly directed to the aggrandizement of his own family, 302; opposition of the bour- geoisie aroused, ib.; miserable condition of the workingmen-their success a moral tri- umph over physical resources, 303; opera- tions of the republicans-made the Revolu- tion, but lost its benefits for want of a leader, 304; first stage-the Provisional Govern- ment-its composition a compromise between the higher and lower classes, 305; its imbe- cility in the midst of discordant elements, ib.; total derangement of the finances--want of energy to meet the crisis, 306; magnificent promises to the working classes-the_na- tional workshops, 307; insurrection of June caused by their inevitable closure, ib.; gene- ral policy negative and time-serving, 308; second stage-meeting of the Constituent Assembly, a restoration of the bourgeoisie, ib.; popular rights reduced to the old stand- ard, ib.; the Constitution-restoration of the inonarchy under a republican guise, 309; concentrates the powers of the Government in a single irresponsible Assembly, 358; danger from the absence of local checks, ib.; feasibility of more popular institutions—a skeleton of them already in existence, 359; sketch of the local jurisdictions, ib.; despotic powers of the President and Council over local elections, 361; Proudhon and the Social- ists in favor of a still more consolidated gov- ernment, ib.; third stage-restoration of the Bonapartes, 362; signification of the election of Louis Napoleon, ib.; its cause-enthusias- tic recollection of Bonaparte and the Empire, 363; political effect of the election-a new historical era, ib.; based upon the attachment of the French peasantry-the most reliable portion of the population, 364; probable course of the new party--will overthrow the Constitution lawfully or by force, ib.; want of political convictions in France, 365; her immediate future in the hands of her new chief, 366; is he competent to the task? 367.
Giaffer al Barmeki, verse, 384. Gold Hunting in California in the Sixteenth Century, (E. G. Squier,) 84.
Hunt, Hon. Washington, sketch of his life and services, 522.
Handel and his " Messiah," review, (G. A. Macfarren,) 135.
Idioms and Provincialisms of the English Lan- guage, review, 251.
Imitated from Fletcher, verse, 560. Introductory to the Year 1849, 1. Innocence, The Vale of, verse, (J. D. W.,) 81. M.
Macaulay's Essays, review, 499. Martineau, Miss, on Education, review, 604. Middle-Asiatic Theology, (J. D. W.,) 71. Im- perfect development of the arts and sciences in India, 71; Hindoo writings, 72; systems of philosophy, ib. ; analysis, 73; doctrine of the Buddhists--all things begin and end in nothing, 74; gross idolatry resulting from this notion, ib.; opposing system of Gau- tama-distinguishes between soul and body, ib.; recognizes the true idea of Divinity, 75; theological system, called Vedanta-the Supreme pure essence-nature an appear- ance, or delusion, ib. ; the Vedanta Sara-its idea of salvation-absorption in contempla- tion of the Ineffable, ib.; mixture of actual vice and apparent piety in their sacred books, 76; the Divinity one with life, ib. ; opposed to the orthodox doctrine, ib.; three different notions of divinity held by Hindoos, the na- tural, the pantheistic, and the ideal, 77; fatalism of the Hindoos, 78; the eternal war between Siva and Vishnu, or death and life, ib.; worship of the two principles, ib.; the Mi- mansa, or method of interperting mysteries, 79; the Hindoo mythology, ib.; idolatry a corruption of Brahminism, 80; heathenism -its various forms, resulting from as many false philosophies, ib.
Mozart, review, (G. A. Macfarren,) 44.
National Finance, a Plan for Improving the, (Ammiel J. Willard, Esq.,) 193. Disas- trous condition of our financial interests, brought about by radical theorists, 193; the sub-treasury--its origin-acts as a depletive when a restorative is needed, 194; the rem- edy proposed-establishment of a sound na- tional currency, ib. ; the Free Banking sys- tem of New York-the best yet devised for the security of the bill-holder-outline of its organization, 195; application of the prin- ciple to the finances of the general govern- ment, 196; would not materially alter the present organization of the Treasury de- partment, ib.; advantages to the govern- ment and the community at large, 197; anarchy of business, caused by the hoarding of specie in the sub-treasury, ib.; produces sudden contractions and expansions, 198; makes the interests of government hostile to those of private individuals, 199; want of a
national currency-an unobjectionable one offered by the plan proposed, ib.; safety of this system, 200; would retain specie in its legitimate channels, 201.
Ohio Legislature, Organization of the, 290. A new apportionment required by the Consti- tution every four years, 290; no difficulty arising from this until 1836, ib.; the gerry- mandering system introduced in that year by the Democracy, ib.; the House carried by the Whigs in 1843, and a just apportion- ment partially restored, 291; apportionment of 1848-passes the Senate in the form of a compromise-amended in the House-with- drawal of Democratic senators to prevent a quorum to act upon the amendments, ib. ; the House recedes from its amendments, and the bill becomes a law, 292; the Democracy declare the action unconstitutional-call a State Convention, and pass resolutions deny- ing the existence of any apportionment law, &c., ib. ; election in Hamilton county-the law set aside by the Democracy, 293; their candidates returned by a minority of the canvassers, 294; meeting of the House- double organization, ib.; constitutionality of the law acknowledged by the Democratic members taking their seats, 295; argument for, ib.; anarchical course of the Democracy in preventing a legal decision of the ques- tion, 297; their revolutionary purposes, ib. Origin of the Two Parties: Contrast of their Doctrine-Speech of Mr. John P. Kennedy, at Hagarstown, Md., September 27, 1848, 6; Every power in a state must be represented in its government-hence, "universal suf- frage" among a free people, a growth of necessity, 6; the Whig Party-its general principles, ib.; needs no new platform every fourth year, 7; owes its origin to the early contests in England for popular rights, ib.; the Declaration of Independence its mani- festo in the same quarrel in this country, ib. ; the veto supposed to have been suppressed by the establishment of our independence- only allowed in the Constitution as its "ex- treme medicine," 8; the Whig party re-em- bodied by its abuse, ib.; the old Democratic and Federal parties-the question of Ex- excutive prerogative the ground of their division, 9; the doctrine of Jefferson that of the modern Whigs, ib.; Locofocoism a step beyond Federalism, ib.; the Baltimore plat- form-opposition to a national bank, to inter- nal improvements, to protection of home in- dustry, 10; radically antagonistic to the old Democratic party on all these points, ib.; internal improvements and the protective policy recommended and sustained by Jef- ferson, ib.; the entire Democratic party united in favor of the bank under Madison,
12; the first high protective tariff passed by that party and signed by Mr. Madison, ib.; Cumberland road and other internal improve- ments warmly supported by his Administra- tion, ib.; change of Constitutional principles involves necessarily a change of political faith, 13; did all the most distinguished men of the country change their faith on the ac- cession of Jackson? 14; Jackson's cabinet composed of Federalists, 15; all the powers of the executive exerted for the overthrow of measures of the Democratic party, ib.; that party revived under the name of Whig-that of Democrat assumed by the Jackson party under Van Buren, ib.; miraculous meta- morphoses wrought thereby, ib.; the new Democracy in a perplexity to find their prin- ciples, ib.; persistent and boastful in their support of the veto power, 16; that power used by them twenty-three times in eighteen years, and always for party purposes, ib. ; most important measures carried by Exec- utive dictation, ib.; the people intend to be right, ib.; summary-necessity of every real power in the State being represented in the Central Power, 17; presidential power- placed by the one above the legislative, as the head of the party-considered by the other as the head of the ascertained will of the people, ib.; rights of conquest incom- patible with a free government, 18; protec- tion a silent war against a foreign monopoly of our markets, ib.; its effects beneficial to other nations as well as to ourselves, ib.; importance of extending facilities for internal commerce, 19; policy of England, founded by Cromwell, the basis of her wealth and freedom, ib.; uses every effort to keep us in dependence upon her commerce and manu- factures, ib.; immense production of raw material in this country, 20; our ad valorem duties go up or down as the wires are pulled by foreign capitalists, ib.; impover- ishment of our farmers the necessary conse- quence, ib.
Passion, verse, (H. W. P.,) 452. Philosophical System of Leibnitz, (from the French of Maine de Birau,) 575. Plan for Improving the National Finance, (Ammiel J. Willard, Esq.,) 193. POETRY.-The Vale of Innocence, (J. D. W.,) 81; To 99; Sonnet, 207; The Con- vict, (Anna Maria Wells,) 310; Sonnets, 312; Sonnet to a Bas-Bleu, 367; Giaffer al Barmeki, 384; To a Flower found in a Chest of Tea, (H. W. P.,) 407; Passion, (H. W. P.,) 452; The Shadow, (H. W. P.,) 487; The Child and the Aurora Borealis, (A. M. W.,) 498; The Death of Shelley-A Vision, (H. W. P.,) 530; Imitated from Fletcher, 560; The Birth of Freedom, (J.
D. W.,) 561; Sentiment, 574; To Miss with a Hyacinth, 587; Sonnets, 594. Policy of England and its Results, 34. Political Proscription, 439. A perfect theo- ry requisite to a perfect practice, 439; im- propriety of urging a partisan employment of authority on the new government, ib. ; reasons of those who do so-right of the majority to office, 440; such a right not in- herent in any individuals, but conferred solely by election or appointment, ib.; men in power bound in honor to carry out the measures of the majority they represent, ib. ; the jealousy of the majority not to be extended to every petty office, 441; illustration-case of John Smith and John Brown, ib.; necessity that all offices of political influence should be filled by the prevailing party, 442; this prin- ciple independent of the doctrine of rotation in office, 443; analysis of that doctrine- views offices in the light of pensions or an- nuities, ib.; absurdities resulting from this -impossibility of a genuine rotation-leaves no remedy for malversation, ib.; argument from party expediency-views offices as in- centives to and rewards for party services, 444; political organization of office-holders -its necessity doubtful, ib.; influences most operative in effecting a change of public opinion first, the desire of the great in- terests of the country to secure a govern- ment that will protect and sustain them, ib. ; second, the interest of office-nearly every elector bribed with an office under Louis Philippe, ib.; third, popular ideas and schemes of reform, &c., ib.; unnatural force acquired by these when united with the two former influences-ultimate instability of popular enthusiasm, ib.; physical interests the in- struments of the skilful party leader, ib.; means to be employed by the far-sighted politician--general diffusion of a knowledge of the common interests, ib.; success of the Whigs attributable solely to a conviction of the ruinous policy of the late administration -imminent danger of relying upon any other means for its permanence, ib. POLITICAL SUMMARY, 638.
Porter, Hon. Benjamin F., sketch of, 447. Pupils of the Guard, from the French of St. Hilaire, (Mrs. St. Simon,) 490. Principles of Rhetoric, 597.
Republic, The, (H. W. Warner,) No. I., 399. General prevalence of a blind trust in the inherent stability of our institutions, 399; no power in mere forms to perpetuate them- selves, ib.; fearful departure from the patri- archal platform, 400; propensity to tamper- ing with the mechanism of our institutions, ib.; constant making and repairing of State Constitutions, upon slight or no occasion,
401; fundamental principles unprogressive, ib.; politics but a particular department of ethics-duty its paramount principle, 402; pent-up indignation at foreign abuses vented in torturing our own institutions, ib.; no fundamental principle improved or made securer after all the patching, 403; facility of the original construction of our institu- tions--the foundation already laid in our colonial freedom--the times favorable, ib.; as perfect at first as they are ever likely to be-why attempt to reform them? 404; these revisions said to concern secondary matters only, ib.; why then pull down and reconstruct the whole fabric ? 405; too much concerned to have our rights look well upon paper, ib.; important matters mistaken for trifles, 406.
No. II.-General Aspect of the Govern- ment, and of the difficulties attending its Con- struction, 476. Impracticability of pure Democracy as a form of government, 476; how should our fathers act to form a govern- ment securing its benefits without its dan- gers? 477; the English government-its House of Commons presented the germ of a new form of political organization, ib.; con- fusion of ideas as to the character of our economy, 478; an agency government--the people acting upon its men but not its meas- ures, ib.; the peculiarity of this, ib; pre- eminently a republic, 479; views of the fathers Jefferson--Democracy not a word in his vocabulary, ib.; Madison-distinction between a republic and a democracy, 480; difficulties of adjusting our system-all de- pended upon structural contrivance, 481; proneness of free governments to change, ib.; division of the sovereignty between the people and their delegates, 482; has its dis- advantages as well as its advantages, 483; natural yearning of officials for undivided power, ib.; frequency of election, ib.; not a reliable check, but tends to demagoguism, 484; the electoral sovereignty-danger of its felt incompleteness goading its possessors to trench too far upon the liberty of its agents, 484; complicated mechanism of our system-difficulties in arranging it, 485; proper division of legislative, executive, and judicial powers, ib.; the elective franchise-- how to be adjusted and guarded, 486. REVIEWS.-Mozart, (G. A. Macfarren,) 44; Sartor Resartus, (Joseph Hartwell Barrett,) 121; Handel and his "Messiah," (G. A. Macfarren,) 135; Whipple's Essays and Reviews, 148; Idioms and Provincialisms of the English Language, 251; Carlyle's Heroes, (J. H. Barrett,) 339; Macaulay's Essays, 499; Philosophical system of Leib- nitz, 575; Miss Martineau on Education, 604.
Rhetoric, The Principles of, Hon. B. F. Porter, 597.
Sartor Resartus, review, (J. H. Barrett,) 121. Sentiment, versc, 574.
Shadow, The, verse, (H. W. P.,) 487. Shelley, The Death of-A Vision, (H. W. P.,) 530.
Sonnets, 207, 312, 596.
Sonnet to a Bas-Bleu, 367.
an attitude of hostility towards the North, ib.; by what motives are they impelled ?— not mercenary, 228; the territories not pos- sessed by the States as sovereignties, but by the people as an indivisible nation, ib.; the prohibition of slaves in the new territories not an unequal restriction, ib. ; a country oc- cupied mostly by negroes doomed to semi- barbarism, 229; Congress bound to act for the best interests of the new territories, ib. ; the Wilmot Proviso-its absurdities as origi- nally proposed, 230; slavery the sole wide- world disease in the system of American soci- ety, 231; struggles of the patient to preseve and extend the disease, ib. ; Mr. Calhoun's ad- dress calculated to increase the difficulty of reclaiming fugitive slaves, ib. ; the "domes- tic" institution-all the North looks to is, that it be not converted into a national one, 232; slave traffic in the District of Colum- bia, ib.; the Manifesto's history of the Mis- souri Compromise, 233; misrepresents its spirit, as the great extension of our South- ern boundary was not anticipated, ib.; what the South desires, 234; powers of the gen- eral government over its territory, ib. State Policy, Remarks on, 563.
Southern Caucus, Remarks on the Resolutions and Manifesto of the, 221. Conservatism and radicalism of the two parties respective- ly displayed in the Manifestoes of Mr. Ber- rien and Mr. Calhoun, 221; paramount importance of the Union maintained by Whigs both of the North and South, ib.; the radical party of the two sections at dag- ger's points on the question of slavery, ib.; meeting of Southern members of Congress: their resolutions, 222; express devotion to the Constitution, but bounded by their own interests, 223; attachment to the union of the States, ib.; momentous conclusions de- pendent on these words-citizenship not de- rived from the States, but from the nation, ib.; mutual obligations of citizens, 224; the nation bound to protect each against all, ib.; government of the United States one of del- egated powers-all others reserved by ex- press terms to the States, ib.; no such ex- press terms in the Constitution-the power of the nation derived from the people, not from the States, ib. ; the sphere of the na- tion superior to that of the States, 225; the unity of society based upon an unwritten inviolable contract-its essence nationality, ib.; power of Congress over slave property, and its transfer from one place to another, 226; no impropriety in its declaring contra- band in the new territories any species of property injurious to their interests, ib.; ob- ject of the Caucus to introduce there a spe- cies of property which must exclude almost Vale of Innocence, The, verse, (J. D. W.,) 81.
every other species, ib.; republican slavery the most exclusive form of aristocracy, ib.;
Three Stages of the French Revolution, (J. M. Mackie, A. M.,) 299, 358.
Το To a flower found in a Chest of Tea, (H. W. P.,) 407. with a Hyacinth, 587. Theology, Middle-Asiatic, (J. D. W.,) 71. Travelling Tutor, (Leicester F. A. Bucking- ham,) 345, 453.
its control as compared with some other Wanderer, The: A Tale, (G. W. Peck,) 89.
Southern slavery not wholly intolerable,
forms, 227; wisely committed to the State
Sovereignties, 227; the North unjustly charg-
ed with despotic encroachments upon the
South, ib.; folly of the Caucus in assuming Zephyr's Fancy, 588.
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