The Development of Cognitive AnthropologyCambridge University Press, 27 հնվ, 1995 թ. - 272 էջ Roy D'Andrade has written a lucid historical account of the growth and development of the field of cognitive anthropology. The origins of cognitive anthropology can be traced back to the late 1950s when anthropology was grappling with the problem of understanding native systems of categorization. This book starts with an evaluation of these formative years, portraying the way in which research evolved across more than thirty years to the present. It traces the way in which the early notions about semantics and taxonomies evolved into more sophisticated theories about prototypes, schemas, and connectionist networks, seen as the cognitive mechanisms underlying the organization of folk models and reasoning in ordinary life. This is followed by a review of the most recent research on the social distribution of cultural knowledge and the relation of cultural models to emotion, motivation, and action. |
Բովանդակություն
Background | 1 |
A new agenda in anthropology and the great paradigm shift | 8 |
Towards an analysis of meaning | 16 |
Structure | 17 |
The feature analysis of kin terms | 19 |
A feature analysis of English kin terms | 28 |
The classic feature model | 31 |
Polysemy | 36 |
Cultural schemas | 130 |
Image schemas | 132 |
Schemas as processors | 136 |
Modifications of schema theory and limitations of connectionist models | 141 |
The implications of schemaconnectionist theory for the study of culture | 143 |
Models and theories | 150 |
Models | 151 |
The Caroline Islands navigation model | 152 |
Conjunctivity or nondisjunctiveness | 38 |
Shortterm memory | 42 |
Chunking | 44 |
Analogy | 45 |
Similarity judgments | 48 |
The feature composition of evaluative judgments | 54 |
Summary | 56 |
Extension of the feature model | 58 |
Semantic networks | 62 |
Finding salient features through similarity judgments | 64 |
Psychological reality again | 66 |
Item by feature matrices | 70 |
Rating correlations based on feature overlap | 77 |
Memory based rating | 83 |
Applied research | 88 |
In retrospect | 90 |
Folk taxonomies | 92 |
The generality of the model of taxonomic ranks | 100 |
Some critiques of the taxonomic rank model | 101 |
Extended and focal ranges | 104 |
Focal and extended ranges of color terms | 106 |
The Roschian synthesis | 115 |
The growth of schema theory | 122 |
The germ schema | 126 |
The model of the mind | 158 |
The American model of marriage | 169 |
Cultural theories | 172 |
The cultural theory of conventionality | 174 |
The theory of essences | 176 |
An ontology of cultural forms | 179 |
Cultural representations and psychological processes | 182 |
Memory | 184 |
Reasoning | 193 |
Logic and the psychology of reasoning | 199 |
Distributed cognition artifacts and representational structure | 207 |
Consensus and cognition | 212 |
Summary | 216 |
Cognitive processes and personality | 218 |
Internalization | 227 |
Motivation | 229 |
Coda | 241 |
Summing up | 244 |
The historical context | 248 |
Final comment | 251 |
253 | |
268 | |
271 | |
Common terms and phrases
agenda Aguaruna American animals basic color terms basic level terms behavior belief-frames Berlin Chiricahua Claudia Strauss cognitive anthropology color chips complex connectionist networks consanguineal correlations cultural models cultural schemas D'Andrade developed dimension disease terms distinction domain ego's emotion English kin terms etak ethnographic example father feature analysis feeling female Figure focal folk taxonomy goals human idea Ilongot image schemas informants involved kin terms kin types kind kinship label language large number learning lexemes life-forms linguistic male marriage meaning memory mental mind modus tollens motivational multidimensional scaling navigation Newar objects organization pair paradigm pattern perception person plants presented problem prototype psychological ratings reasoning reference island relationships representation respondents Richard Shweder Romney Rosch Roy D'Andrade Sahaptin salient semantic serial symbolic processing Shweder sibling similarity judgments small number social societies structure taxonomy term F things tion traits Tzeltal