Although not generally tall, they poffefs amoreunequivocal criterion of ftrength, an a fine breadth of cheft: and hence it has been remarked, that a Cambrian regiment, drawn up in line, covers more ground than any other. By healthful toil and fimplicity of diet invigorated, they are at once potent, courageous, animated, and generous. "It has been afferted, that the Welch are averfe from ftrangers; but by whom? By thofe who have provoked that averfion; who, carrying with them a vulgar eftimation of fuperior fhow at the tables of England, have not known how to approve a regular board of hofpitality, when contrafted by the fplendid profufion of fashionable entertainments; who, reprefenting the more gay appointments of other reforts, have pitied the Welchman's old-fa. hioned furniture, and wondered how any gentlemanly being could exift in his gloomy Gothic habitation. Such as can conceive no other travelling enjoyments than fuperior inns, fumptuous dinners, and bowling-green roads, may quarrel with our principality. But it is for those who travel with more en larged views, and proper introductions, to declare the ingenuous welcome that they have experienced; the eager folicitude that was every where manifefted to afford them information; and the liberal fare fet before them, which not even the greatly-increafed expence of family-establishments could effectually fupprefs.

"As every virtue has its concomitant fhade, we have to lament that the Welchman's ardent fpirit fometimes

inclines him to be quarrel fome; yet, as there is generofity at the bottom, his paffion feldom becomes vindictive. A difpofition for focial enjoyment has led him from conviviality to habits of intemperance; and an improvident hofpitality, to the ruin of his family's for

tune.

An error more harmless in its operation arifes from his admiration of illuftrious ancestry; which often refolves itself into an affociation of perfonal importance, that unbiaffed individuals are not inclined to allow. These afperities are wearing away, under the attrition of a more extended and enlightened intercourfe. But it is the heartfelt with of an earnest admirer of their present state of fociety, equal to every effential duty of a manly people, that the chilling apathy of morbid refinement may never paralize their fpirit of independence, that spring of energetic action which forms the nobleft attribute of man."

The Views are in aqua tinta, very taftefully executed, and comprise the following fubjects:

Tintern Abbey, Kidwelly Caftle, Llanitephan Caftle, Manorbeer Caftle, Carew Castle, Pembroke Castle, St. Dogmael's Priory, Kilgarran Castle, the Devil's Bridge, Falls of the Mynach, Dinevawr Cattle, Careg-cannon Caftle, Marfam Abbey, Caerphilly Caftle, Raglan Caftle, Chepstow Castle, Views from Piercefield, View on the Wye, Lanthony Abbey, and Goodrich Cattle.

Prefixed is a Map of South Wales, with Monmouthshire.

J.

believe: and, whether we confider the correct and forcible tile in which his work is written, the perfpicuous ar rangement of his propofitions, or the rationality of his deductions in general, our astonishment is equally excited by the powers with which Nature, unaffifted by human learning, has en. dowed this Cornish metaphyfician.

Within the limits to which our Review department is neceffarily reftricted, it would be abfurd to attempt a minute, critical examen of Mr. Drew's Treatife; but a tolerable idea may be formed of the nature of the work from the following collection of heads into which it is divided and fubdivided:

Sect. IV. That the Soul is immaterial, proved by the Affections-They inhere in the Soul-Objection founded on external Excitement, answered.

Sect. V. Intellectual Endowments are different-The Caufe of this is not phyfical-It is occafioned by the Organ ization of the Body, and the Operation of Moral Evil.

Sect. VI. Animal Vitality-Inftin& and Reafon.

Sect. VII. The Subject of Inftin& and Reafon continued.

Sect. VIII. Memory and Reflection The former vifible in animal Powers, the latter depends on an immaterial Principle-Senfation-It may be annihilated, but the human Soul cannot.

Sect. III. We can have no fimple Idea of what has no Existence-We have an Idea of the Existence of God, and of his Immortality-The Immortality of the Soul is inferred from its Defire of Happiness.

Sect. IV. The Annihilation of the Soul cannot be occafioned by a finite Being-The Potibility of Annihilation is doubtful-This may be illuftrated by reflecting on the Creation.

Sect. V. Can the Soul be abforbed into the Divine Efficiency?—Nonentity, and Noncreation, are not the fame-Abftra&t Poffibilities are to us unknown-The Laws of Nature cannot destroy the Soul-It has no natural Tendency to Death, which is the oppo fite of its pofitive Existence-Nor can the Soul approach to the Absence of itself.

Se&t. VI. The Soul cannot fuffer Annihilation by the Action of the Abfence of eflential Life-Life and Death are extremes which cannot meet in Contact-Annihilation is a Nonentity which cannot be produced by any Power-There must be an infinite Distance between Nonentity and the Medium through which the supposed annihilating Power operates.

Sect.

Se&t. VII. That the Abfence of the Divine Power is impoffible.

Sect. VIII. That the Abfence of Power is infufficient to annihilate the Soul.

Sect. IX. Spiritual Mediums are as remote as material ones from Nonentity-The Distance maintained has no Relation to Space.

CHAP. II.

Sect. IV. The Soul is a fimple Effence, and cannot perish; neither can its effential Properties - An Objection anfwered-The Properties of Perception and Confcioufnefs are phyfically united with the Subftance of the Soul-Even the phyfical Nature of Matter remains incorruptible and entire.

Sect. V. The Soul is naturally independent, and cannot be approached by created Power-It cannot be feparated, because of its Unity-The Inherence

the Soul; and that Annihilation cannot apply to any fimple Substance.

Sect. I. Thinking is not connate with Matter-The Soul is indivifible, and incapable of Corruption, there being no Stamen of Corruption in its Nature.

Sect. II. Admitting a Principle of Corruption, it cannot ultimately deftroy the Soul-The Soul cannot perish from any Caufe, either in itself, or exterior to it-The Soul is invariably independent, and inacceffible to all Violence; it is neceffarily immortal.

Sect. III. Whether God can create an immaterial Substance, and caufe that Subftance to exift, abtracted from all Life and Consciousness, or not?

Annihilation-It cannot lofe its ellential Properties, nor expire with them in one Act of Annihilation.

Sect. VI. No A&t of Annihilation can destroy the Soul-Objection, that the utter Privation of Being is the annihilating Act, confidered.

Sect. VII. The Lofs of Existence is neceffary to the Idea of the Privation of Being-The extinguishing Act cannot be Privation. It is abfurd to fuppofe the Pre-existence of the Actor that deftroys the Being of the Soul-There can be no Evidence of the Fact of Annihilation-From the Mafs of Evidence, the Author is fully fatisfied that the human Soul must neceffarily be IM

MORTAL.

J.

ΟΝ an attentive inspection of various

parts of thefe volumes, we are of opinion, that the matter has been judiciously compiled and accurately printed. The collection of words is very copious, and the illuftrations are numerous and fatisfactory. In comparing the words with thofe in our own Johnfon's Dictionary, we find very few omitted, except fuch as are peculiar to our idiom; but in addition to thefe (and a very ufeful addition it must be allowed), we have the technical terms of various arts, fciences, and profeffions.

Having faid thus much as the refult of our own examination, we fhall admit Mr. Newman to fpeak for himself as to the plan and structure of his elaborate work:

"The fuperior excellence of the claffical productions of Spanish genius, in every department of literature, where eminence may be attained with

out the full enjoyment of freedom of fpeech, is at prefent fo generally allowed in this country, that an attempt to facilitate the acquifition, and promote the ftudy, of the Spanish language, can need no apology; but the plan, and manner of execution, may want fome explanation; and therefore it will not be fuperfluous to introduce this New Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages with a few obfervations on that head.

"To compile a Dictionary, not only for the inftruction of thofe who afpire to correctnefs of criticifm, and propriety of diction, but alfo for the daily use of the merchant and trader, of the navigator and feaman, was the aim I had in view when I engaged in the compofition of this work. How far I may have fucceeded in the attainment of that end, I leave it refpectfully with the Public to decide; but think it right to 6

oblerve,

obferve, that, to obtain my purpose, I have not only availed myfelf of all the affiftance which more ancient fources of the Spanish Lexicography could afford, but also had particular recourfe to the Dictionary published at Madrid in 1797 and 1798, in four volumes, quarto, by the Reverend Fathers Connelly and Higgins, Confeffors of the Royal Family of Spain; which, although interfperfed with many inaccuracies and mifconceptions, is yet the best Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages that has hitherto appeared.

"It will be proper to add, that, in order to facilitate the pronunciation to thofe who are not acquainted with the profody of the Spanish tongue, I have accentuated, in the first part, the leading Spanish word of every article inferted; while, on the contrary, in the explanatory matter of that Part, as well as throughout the whole Second Part, fuch Spanish terms only are accented

as, pursuant to the rules laid down by the Spanish Academy, whether written or printed, require the accent.

Thefe obfervations will be fufficient to fhew the plan and structure of this work: I deem it unneceffary to fay more. Should it be found, that this New Dictionary of the Spanish and English Languages contains a more copious collection, and more exact explanation, of terms belonging to the arts, fciences, navigation, and trade, than other vocabularies of the fame kind; in fhort, fhould it be found, that, in the compofition of this work, I have more carefully confulted the peculiar literary wants of one of the most enlightened nations, and of the firft commercial and maritime Power of Europe, than has been done by preceding Lexicographers of foreign idioms in this country; its merits and advantages will not be loft in the candid eftimation of a generous and enlightened Public. J.

Two diftinct branches of the original

natives of Ceylon are defcribed by our Author, befides that mixture of various Europeans, and their defcendants, who, for the purposes of conqueft, or commerce, have fettled near the fea-coats. The native Ceylonefe, who, at different eras, fubmitted to live under the dominion of their European invaders, and whofe pofterity till remain in a dependent ftate on the British Government now established in the Island, retain their original appellation of Cinglefe, the name by which the only race inhabiting it, when the Portuguese first arrived on the Island, made themfelves known to thofe invaders.

But thofe who at prefent refide in the northern and mountainous parts, and acknowledge no other authority but that of their native Princes, are diftinguifhed by the name of Candians, from the country they inhabit. The conftant intercourfe of the Cinglefe with Europeans, and the averfion which the Candians have uniformly entertained

for their feveral invaders, have introduced confiderable fhades of difference into the manners of these two branches of the fame people. In most points, however, they ftill continue to refemble each other; Mr. Percival, therefore, gives us an account first of those circumstances which apply to both under the general denomination of Ceylone fe; and then delineates thofe characteristics which diftinguish the one from the other.

After ftating the abfurdity of their ancient traditions, that Ceylon was the terreftrial Paradife from which Adam and Eve were expelled; and that it was afterwards peopled by a band of Chinese, the progenitors of the Cinglefe; and the no lefs ridiculous fuppofition that Ceylon once formed part of the continent of India, which is the received opinion among most people, Mr. Percival affigns the following wellfounded reasons for deriving their origin from the Maldivians. Maldive Iflands are only two or three

"The

days'

days' fail from Ceylon; and the complexion, features, language, and `manners, of the Ceylonefe, are fo fimilar to thofe of the Maldivians, that I fhould, for my part, be apt to conclude that both were of the fame ftock. The Ceylonefe are of a middling ftature, about five feet eight inches, and fairer in complexion than the Moors and Malabars of the continent; and the Candians are both fairer, better made, and lefs effeminate, than the Cinglele in the British fervice."

From the full defcription of the manners and cuftoms of the Ceylonefe, given by our Author, we felect one remarkable trait, which is truly eccentric, as it diftinguishes them from all other Indian tribes, whofe peculiar cuftoms have been obferved and recorded by the navigators and difcoverers of different regions peopled by various claffes of uncivilized natives.

"They are not guilty of stealing nor lying, which feem to be almoft inherent in the nature of an Indian. They are mild, and by no means captious or paffionate in their intercourfe with each other, though when once their anger is roufed, it is proportionally furious and lafting. Their hatred is, indeed, mortal; and they will frequently deftroy themselves to obtain the deftruc-' tion of the detefted object. One in ftance will ferve to fhew the extent to which this paffion is carried. If a Ceylonefe cannot obtain money due to him by another, he goes to his debtor, and threatens to kill himself, if he is not inftantly paid. This threat, which is fometimes put in execution, reduces the debtor, if it be in his power, to immediate compliance with the demand; as, by their law, if any man caufes the lofs of another man's life, his own is the forfeit. "An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth," is a proverbial expreffion continually in their mouths. This is, on other occafions, a very common mode of revenge among them; and a Ceylonefe has often been known to kill himself in the company of his enemy, that the latter might fuffer for it.

Their customs with respect to the intercourfe between the two fexes, and their marriages, are, likewife, very fingular; but delicacy prohibits our infertion of what could not fail to give offence to our chafte female readers. We can, therefore, only notice one or two curious circumstances in the nup

tial ceremonies." In bringing home the bride, the is always obliged to march before her husband, and never to be out of his fight by the way. The traditionary reafon for this practice is, that a man, on fuch an occasion, once happening to walk foremost, his wife was carried off from him before he was aware; a circumftance not at all unlikely to happen, more than once, among a people who think lightly of the marriage ties.-If a young couple find, after marriage, that their difpofitions cannot agree, they feparate without ceremony; only the woman carries with her the portion the brought, in order to make her as good a match for her next husband. Both men and women often marry and divorce feveral times in this manner, before they have found a partner with whom they can reconcile themfelves to spend the remainder of their days."

When treating of the variety of difeafes to which the natives of Ceylon are fubject, particularly in the wet feafon, our Author makes fome judicious remarks, which ought to be taken into confideration by all perfons connected, either by commercial interefts, or other relations, with the welfare of the inland, now likely to remain a part of the British dominions beyond the feas.

"The difeafe which particularly excites their apprehenfion is the smallpox. It is looked upon as the immediate inftrument of God's vengeance; and therefore they do not venture to ufe any charms or incantations for their recovery, as they are accustomed to do in all other difeafes. If any one dies of it, he is looked upon as accurfed, and even his body is denied the rites of burial. It is carried out to fome unfrequented place, and there left with a few bushes, or branches of trees, thrown over it. It is to be hoped that intercourfe with our countrymen will, in time, do away thefe gloomy notions of fatality, and that the effect of remedies on the Europeans will induce the natives alfo to adopt them. It would be an object worthy the attention of Government to caule to be introduced amongst them the inoculation with the cow-pox, which has lately been difcovered for the deliverance of mankind

from a most fatal peftilence. The Governor might infift, that all the Cinglefe children within our jurifdiction thold undergo this operation."

'Let