nesses of cheap straw paper, making a band about four or five inches wide. This was wrapped about the tree, and secured by one carpet tack driven in half its length. A new band was substituted when any were torn by storms or birds. This is a cheap arrangement, but we do not like it as well as a band of woolen cloth. Every week or ten days these were removed and the larvæ and chrysalides of codling moth destroyed.

On 211 trees, most of them bearing but light crops, were taken 6,884 moths during the season. The largest catch was 1,450, July 18; the smallest 210, on the 15th of August. None of the neighbors are catching the moths. Several have agreed to attend to it next season, and an effort will be made to induce all to kill moths. None of the small apples were picked up as they should have been. No hogs were used.

Cross-Breeding Apples.

Considerable pains were taken last spring to cross-breed different varieties of apples by previously cutting away the stamens of young flowers not open. Then the flower was covered with a muslin until its stigmas were ready for the pollen, which was artificially applied. During the time to attend to this work one Sunday occurred, and a severe rainstorm. The Superintendent lived three miles away, and was just then busy moving to the College. Several of the experimental trees died, and some others bore no fruit. No good apples were found as a result of our cross-breeding. Greater efforts will be made next spring.

We shall fill vacancies next spring with varieties new to the orchard. We now have bearing trees of the following varieties, and a good number of others not yet bearing or not yet named: Westfield, Seek-no-further, Northern Spy, Swaar, Jersey Sweet, Sweet Bough, Talman Sweet, Keswick Codlin, Red Astrachan, Fall Pippin, Porter, Baldwin, Fameuse, Wagener, Early Strawberry, Roxbury Russett, Sweet Romanite Warfield, Rhode Island Greening, Pennock Red Winter, Yellow Bellflower, Hall, St. Lawrence, Benoni, Sops of Wine, Tompkins County King, Williams' Favorite, Rainbo, Rome Beauty, Dutchess of Oldenburgh, Munson Sweet, Early Harvest.

THE PEAR ORCHARD.

In reference to this I have but little to say. A year ago many of the trees seemed to be in fine condition. This spring many of them died and were removed. All were much cut back. At present there are not over half a dozen good trees. The orchard was not in a good place. In fact we have no place favorable to the growth of pears. Winter's cold at 33° below zero, and summer's heat at 98° above zero, will most likely make good pears a scarce article for many years.

QUINCES

were last winter killed nearly to the ground.

PEACHES

We are not in a location suitable for peaches without artificial protection. In the spring some trees will be set as an experiment, and trimmed so as to admit of protecting them in a variety of ways.

PLUMS, APRICOTS, AND NECTARINES,

There are none on the place,

CHERRIES.

The Heart and' Bigarreau 'cherry trees were much injured by the winter. Some of them died. None of them blossomed, except, perhaps, a dozen flowers. Our Dukes and Morellos are young, but are doing well. On account of our not molesting birds on the College grounds, cherries have not proven profitable.

GRAPES.

The vines are mostly young. Only the most hardy varieties are worth anything here without protection. We have about twenty varieties, to be increased by others next spring. Our vines are set on the north bank of the creek, sloping south in a position most favorable to their growth and maturing fruit. We are searching for new hardy varieties. A small room in our new greenhouse will enable us to raise a few plants under glass.

CURRANTS.

A nice lot of young bushes were set out this spring, four feet each way, near the east part of the garden, on cold ground. When they get to bearing freely the older plants on the ridge of land will be destroyed. We have these varieties: Cherry, Red Dutch, White Dutch, Versaillaise, Victoria, White grape, and others.

RASPBERRIES AND BLACKBERRIES.

We have about ten of the best varieties of raspberries and four of the best blackberries set near the currant bushes in the east side of the garden.

STRAWBERRIES.

On account of giving up the north garden to lawn, the strawberries have been set near the currants and raspberries. We had a nice plat set this year of ten square rods, mostly of Green Prolific and Wilson's Albany. We have about twenty prominent varieties, mostly set this year, including Charles Downing, Jucunda, Triumphe de Gande, French, Emperor, Agriculturist, Nicanor, Downers, Metcalf, Colonel Cheeney, Philadelphia, Wilder, Michigan, Kentucky, Wild.

NURSERY ROWS.

This plat contains quite a variety of young stock of fruit and ornamental trees, a part of which is composed of samples grafted by the students. Here were planted samples of many of our native trees and shrubs for exchange and for transplanting into an arboretum. Near these were planted about 200 species and varieties of foreign trees and shrubs, presented us by the Kew Gardens, England, and sixteen others from the Agricultural Department at Washington. The Superintendent is very anxious to increase the arboretum and number of sample fruit and ornamental trees. He thinks nothing would add more to the usefulness and popularity of the College than several hundred dollars a year in procuring and taking care of such samples. They would form a test orchard of very great value to the students, the professors, and to visitors. It is useless to undertake this unless we can be sure of means to maintain it in respectable order.

SAMPLES OF GRASSES.

From the Kew Gardens we have also received about seventy species of grass seeds. From other sources we have collected so as to make in all about one

hundred and forty. These plats, three by ten feet, contain many species of much interest to the farmer and gardener. Much larger plats would be useful for testing the growth and comparative value.

SWEET HERBS AND CURIOUS PLANTS.

We have beds of a large number of these, accurately labeled, as are all the samples in the gardens. We expect to increase the number,-to raise every species, and all the best varieties raised in vegetable and market gardens.

WEEDS.

Not the least interesting part of the gardens was a patch of weeds, two or three samples of all we could find, arranged in order, and accurately labeled with common and scientific names. We collected about forty-five species.

FLOWER BEDS AND GREEN-HOUse.

Many of the plants in the old green-house were placed in beds, tastefully arranged, in the vicinity of the house. Some of them were very fine, and attracted considerable attention. The sales of ornamental plants have been larger than ever before; and when we get into our new houses, to supply better plants and a greater variety of them, the trade will be still largely increased.

ORNAMENTAL TREES AND SHRubs.

Besides the native trees left in various parts of the grounds, there has been set out from time to time a large number of evergreens and other ornamental trees and shrubs. Many evergreens have also been planted for wind breaks along the western and south western part of the grounds. This spring all the smaller ones, those less than ten feet high, were dug about and mulched for three or four feet each way. As a consequence, the trees have done first-rate. On account of the unprecedented cold of last winter, it may be well to record here, for future reference, the condition of some of our trees and shrubs.

Norway Spruce, hardy; some small limbs injured when exposed to much. wind; Austrian Pine, hardy; American Weeping Willow, hardy; Mock Orange, hardy; Lilac, common, hardy; Lilac, Persian, hardy; Lilac, cut-leaved Persian, killed; White Pine, hardy; Pinus Pumila, hardy; Flowering Almond, hardy; Ginko Tree, hardy; Black Spruce, hardy; Lombardy Poplar, young tree, hardy; Locust Tree, hardy; Common Chestnut, hardy; Horse Chestnut, a few injured a little; Kentucky Coffee Tree, a few injured a little; Snow Ball, hardy; Arbor Vitæ, some injured; Spiræa Chamædrifolia, a little injured; Hemlock Spruce, dead at top; Irish Juniper, partly dead; Cydonia Japonica, dead to snow; Bald Cypress, some small linibs killed; Ailanthus, top badly killed; Fringe Tree (Chianothus Virginica) injured slightly; Tamarix, dead to snow; Yellow Wood (Cledrastis Tincoria) one of two killed; Sassafras, small limbs killed; Tulip Tree, injured some of them; Double Apple, one killed; Double Flowering Cherry, grew but little, otherwise looked well; Robinia hispida, small trees killed to snow; Aralia Spinosa, mostly killed; Smoke tree, much injured; Red Bud or Judas Tree, killed to ground, as has often been done before; Roses most all killed to the ground; Red Cedar, uninjured.

THE VEGETABLE GARDEN.

This was heavily manured in spring. The ground had become very weedy. Last year and this a persistent fight was made against the weeds till the end of October. If any were suspected of having seeds capable of growing, they

were taken from the ground to the rubbish heap. None were allowed to grow after the last crop was taken off. To prevent this, the land was frequently cultivated. Among the weeds which deceive people most in containing ripe seeds before they are suspected by nine-tenths of the gardeners and farmers, are purslane, lamb's quarter, and several pigweeds (Amaranthus). By thus following up the weeds thoroughly, we are reducing their number from year to year; we are giving the crops a good chance and good tillage, enabling them to get all the light and nourishment, and helping them to stand dry weather. By so doing we set the students a good example, and receive many compliments from visitors. Death to weeds is one of my hobbies.

Ou account of the limited supply of help, and the large amount and variety of work to do in the department, we only attempted to raise vegetables enough for the boarding hall and farm house. There is another good reason for this: nearly all the manure is drawn with one team from town. The following crops were excellent in yield and in quality: Onions, sets for early and red Weathersfield for late; sweet corn in variety; beets, mostly turnip-rooted varieties: asparagus; cabbages, early and late a number of varieties; tomatoes, eight varieties; parsnips; summer crook-neck squashes a remarkable success; also Hubbard and Marblehead; early rose potatoes. The following were good (not extra fine): Peas, dry weather and birds injured; lettuce; cucumbers somewhat troubled with a little worm on stem at the root; radishes failed in the earliest crop, otherwise fine; turnips, celery, and sweet potatoes were not good. The following were raised only by samples, as the steward did not wish them, because most of the students would not eat them when prepared: salsify, cauliflower, spinach, okra, and egg plant.

But few seeds were saved, for want of a suitable room to care for them. No beans were raised except to eat while green, for we have no place to clean them or store them. Our garden soil is excellent for most crops. It is a sandy loam with good natural drainage. It lies on a ridge, which runs nearly east and west. The land sloping gently to the north is best for most purposes. This part does not dry out so bad; the crops on it are larger.

I again renew my suggestion in regard to irrigation for small fruits and most vegetables. I think the time is soon coming when our best gardens will be irrigated by windmills, streams, or artesian wells. Shall we not take the lead in the experiment? A windmill can be had for half price, and perhaps less.

WALKS AND DRIVES.

But very little has been done in these. Our team has had but little time to draw gravel. I have hired one team by the load to the amount of fourteen dollars, at fifty cents a load. The old drives have not been very well attended to. It does not seem very encouraging to spend time in repairing what we hope to soon change or give up entirely.

THE LAWN

was mowed early in June, the fine hay in excellent order, nearly filling our barn.

POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

The Superintendent attended several meetings of the State Pomological Society, where he presented papers. He was chairman of the orchard committee, and for this purpose spent three weeks in various parts of the State visiting the best places.

W. J. BEAL, Superintendent.

REPORT OF THE LIBRARIAN, 1873.

To the President:

SIR,-I have to report the usual routine of work followed in care of the books and periodicals, the regular accounts kept of the books drawn, etc., etc., of which no extended mention is needed. The care of the library has been in student hands, and not always so satisfactory as could be wished, though such as might be expected, and without very serious lack.

The additions to the library have been almost entirely by gifts, the following being the only purchases:

Books -1 Milne Edwards's Zoology; 1 Historical Atlas; 1 Journal of Royal Agricultural Society; 1 Report on Oxford and Cambridge.

PERIODICALS.-Hearth and Home; American Agriculturist; American Journal of Science; American Naturalist; Country Gentleman; Atlantic; Young Folks; North American Review: Blackwood's Magazine; Edinburgh Review; British Quarterly; London Quarterly; Westminster Review; American Chemist; Nature; Chemical News; Gardeners' Chronicle; American Bee Journal; Canadian Entomologist.

The additions by gift have been these:

From Hon, Z. Chandler, U. S. Senate:

Patent Office Report, 1868, 4 vols.; Patent Office Report, 1869, 3 vols.; Ninth Census, 1870, Vol. I.; Congressional Globe, 1871-2, Vols. I. to V.; Report of U. S. Land Commissioner, 1870.

From Hon. AUSTIN BLAIR, M. C.:

Alabama Claims, Case of U. S.; Report of Commissioner of Education, 1970; Report of Commissioner of Education, 1871; Ninth Census, Vols. I., II., III.; Ninth Census, Vol. I.; Compendium Ninth Census, 1870; Message and Documents, 1866-67; Message and Documents, 1868-69; Message and Documents, 1869-70; Message and Documents, 1870-71; Message and Documents, 1871-2; Message and Documents, 1872-73; Cattle Diseases, Report of Com.; Survey of Isthmus of Tehuantepec; Explorations of Nevada and Arizona; Message and Documents, Department of State, 1865-66; Message and Documents, Department of State, 1868-69; Message and Documents, Department of State, 1870-71; Patent Office Report, 1868, 4 Vols.; Patent Office Report, 1869, 3 Vols.

From DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, U. S. :

Two copies Statistics of Agriculture, 1870; Monthly Reports.

From SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION:

Contributions to Knowledge, Vol. XVIII.

From U. S. SIGNAL SERVICE:

Statutes at Large, U. S., 1871-3; Michigan Law Reports, Post, 1 and 2.

From SECRETARY OF STATE, Mich. :

Registration Reports, 1867-8; Registration Report, 1869; Registration Report, 1870; Compiled Laws, 1871, Vol II.; Laws of Michigan, 1873, Vol. I.; Paupers and Criminals, 1872-3; Report of Pomological Society, 1872; Statistics of Michigan, 1870.

From AUDITOR GENERAL:

Report, 1872; Reports of Railroad Corporations; 1871,

From SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION:

School Reports, 1871.

From Mrs. J. L. T. EELSEY, Ypsilanti:

Skinner on Agriculture, 3 Vols.; Page's Elements of Geology; Nash's Progressive Farmer; Christy's Chemistry of Agriculture; Thomas's American Fruit Culturist; Brown's American Muck Book; Johnson's Agricultural Chemistry; Leibig's Works on Chemistry; Allen's American Farm Book; Munn's Practical Land Drainer; Report of Department of Agriculture, 1863; Report of Department of Agriculture, 1867.