tively recognized by Mexico, to the territory of which it belonged, and from which it detached itself during the ephemeral reign of Iturbide. Its government, which has also an accredited minister in the United States, is occupied without intermission, and with the greatest success, in giving to this rising federative republic a good and stable constitution. Among the wise measures which it has adopted to attain this object, there is one which must eminently contribute to its prosperity. This is the decree which favors the colonization of foreigners. The substance of it is, that all foreigners may repair to the provinces of the republic, where they will be admitted by the local authorities; they may there exercise any profession, and even undertake the working of the mines, the laws which forbade this being now repealed. Fo reigners may become denizens by having their names inscribed in the registers of the district, and they will become citizens of the state after a time determined by the law; and till that period, by conforming to the provisions of the fundamental law for obtaining the title of citizen, they will enjoy all the rights which belong to a denizen.

Any citizen of the United Provinces, and even any foreigner, may build one or more towns by submitting the plans to the government of the district to which he belongs, and by engaging to find, within a fixed time, at least fifteen families for each new town.. When ten of these families shall present themselves at ~ the place fixed for the new town, they shall take an oath of fidelity to the constitution of the province, in the presence of a commissary appointed by the provincial chief, and they shall elect their municipal offi

cers in conformity to the existing laws. To each family shall be allowed a thousand square rods of land, (a square of a thousand rods each way). Any bachelor may form a part of the new town by engaging to marry within the first six years of his residence, he shall receive a thousand perches of land if he marries a foreigner, and double that quantity if he marries a native. The land thus granted must be cultivated in a certain time, on pain of the loss of all or a part. The provincial governments are authorized to increase the portion of land belonging to planters who shall have fulfilled the conditions of the decree. The planters may sell their land as soon as it is under cultivation; they may dispose of it by will, and return to their own country. During the first twenty years, the new establishments shall be free from taxes of every description; they will consequently be able to export and import, by land or by sea, all foreign and territorial produce without paying any duty. The introduction of slaves into the new establishments is forbidden. The government undertakes to communicate this decree to all foreign governments, and to order it to be put in execution by the envoys.

MEXICO. The revolution of this magnificent part of the New World is accomplished. Mexico has decidedly taken its station in the general social order of the world. At home and abroad the struggle is ended. Its external enemies have ceased to exist, and will never exist again; the Spanish expeditions are no longer to be considered as means of attack against this country, but as public declarations of a right which is for ever lost to the mother-country.

On the other hand, Mexico has completed its insti

tutions. Contiguous to the United States, and a witness of their prosperity, it has had the wisdom to imitate them; it has adopted their institutions in order to arrive at the same happiness. Thus, from Canada to Darien, a uniform government among nations different in origin, in religion, in language, and in civilization, will form them into one social homogeneous whole; a mighty source of peace and happiness for all. It is the good genius of America that has thus united them. The constitution was no sooner completed than its laws were in full force, and according to custom, the authorities who were retiring from power bequeathed to the nation a public statement of the acts of their administration. How remarkable is this publication, and how well does it reply to the calumnies circulated in Europe, respecting the difficulty America experiences in forming its constitutions! What immense labours finished in a few weeks by men, whom the Europeans had the politeness to tax with incapacity! what minister of the Holy Alliance ever gave a more loyal, a more satisfactory account of his administration than the Mexican ministers have just given to their country.

*

Mexico, this richest and most extensive of the ancient possessions of Spain, has then raised itself to the rank of great nations. The principal part of the twelve provinces which formerly composed the viceroyalty of New Spain, are become so many independent states, united by a common bond, under a government which rules the governments of the states only

* See the Section-Historical Documents,

in general affairs, and whose influence is, in no respect, adverse to their respective rights. Each of these states has a constitution, a congress, an executive government, a commander in chief, and an army; it determines and fixes, itself, its local taxes. The Mexican republic, as well as those of North America, exhibits states of an importance very unequal in extent, in power, in population, and in every species of resources; but, by one simple and equitable arrangement, the political rights of all are equal.

Mexico now contains a population of seven millions of souls, of whom, it is supposed that about two hundred thousand regret the extinction of the Spanish dominion; all the rest are decidedly in favor of independence and liberty; and even the priests, according to the information we have received, appear to have become sincere republicans, since the death of the Emperor Iturbide. If this be the case, Mexican liberty has no more obstacles to overcome, no more miracles to perform.

F. d. F.

WAR AND MILITARY INTELLIGENCE.

The eagerness with which the first Numbers of the "American Monitor" have been received by the public, and the daily increasing number of its readers, having proved to the editors that the interest inspired by this periodical work, instead of becoming weaker, acquires, every day, a new degree of force and intensity; -they think themselves justified in anticipating the moment, certainly not very distant, when the cessation of hostilities throughout the whole extent of Southern America will consign that section of the "Monitor" to the pages of history. The editors have, therefore, resolved from this day, to divide the article "War and Military Intelligence," into two distinct parts. The first, which will be the "Historical Part," will contain a succinct history of the independence of South America, considered exclusively in a military point of view, from its origin to the period at which the editors commenced the article " War" inserted in the first Number of this work. The second part, which will be designated by the title of "Bulletin of the Present War," will continue to exhibit the picture of the hostilities now taking place, and that also of all the facts, laws, institutions, &c., that will naturally arise from them; so that the section " War" in the "American Monitor" will, henceforth, offer to the readers of this work, an aggregate view of all the military facts, past and present which constitute, or may constitute, a part of the