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distance of the Pennsylvania rail-road, which, when completed, and the stone can be run at a moderate expense to the city, will, in our opinion, render the quar. ry more useful and profitable than the gold mines of the south. Besides the increasing demand in country and town, we should think the southern cities of Richmond, Norfolk, Charleston, Savannah, New Orleans, &c. would open markets at liberal prices, for many thousand tons a year, for various purposes, particularly for ornamental building.

dew point can never be higher at any given time than the temperature, nor even equal to it unless when rain and mist is actually falling, it was not difficult to predict, that when the temperature should fall to 77 deg. at the approach of evening, there would be a fall of rain. There was scarcely a possibility that it should be otherwise, since the temperature can seldom continue so high as 774 during the whole night.

The rain began to fall between 6 and 7 o'clock, precisely when the temperature had fallen to the point above mentioned. The thermometer in a free circulation of air, but not exposed to the rain, continued at 774 till after 10 o'clock. At twelve, the wind had shifted to a northerly and easterly direction, and was blowing in short, fitful gusts.

This morning (Sept. 1,) at 6 o'clock, the temperature in the shade was 59 deg.-the dew point 51 deg.-8 degrees below-or twice as much below the temperature as yesterday afternoon. Water drawn from the hydrant was 73 degrees. Temperature-Afternoon, Aug. 31, Morning, Sept. 1,

Many years ago, when we were urging with all the zeal in our power, the opening of a proper communication between Philadelphia and Columbia, through the Great Valley, we stated again and again our conviction that lime and marble would furnish large supplies of tonnage, and become profitable to the owners. At that time no gentleman was more spirited in promoting the plan of such improvement than Mr. Thomas, and it is matter of particular pleasure to us, that so fine a quarry of marble should have been found on his own plantation; not inferior, we believe, to any one now working in the whole state. Blocks of the sort, at Norristown, we are informed, will now sell for one dollar the cubic foot. What the finest specimens of white marble, dressed and polished, will bring in Philadelphia, we do not Dew point-Afternoon, know. Other quarries will doubtless be searched for and discovered, and whoever lives to 1850, will see the rail road to town, from the Valley, fully employed, (if even a new track be not necessary) taking down lime Hydrant water--Afternoon, and marble for exportation-the business giving employment to many thousand persons, and bringing in its consequences, copious streams of wealth and prosperity to Chester County.-Village Record.

From the Philadelphia Gazette of September 4th.
THE ATMOSPHERE.

The sudden atmospheric change from yesterday afternoon to this morning, is not only extremely grateful to our bodily senses, but likewise very interesting as a meteorological fact, especially as connected with the hygrometrical state of the air. Considerable attention has of late been paid to hygrometry, and the interesting essays of a gentlemen of this city published in one of our journals of practical science, have contributed not a little to awaken attention to this highly important branch of philosophy. The method of measuring the quantity of vapor actually present in the air, by determining at what temperature moisture will settle on a glass containing cold water, is recommended by many considerations above all other measures of atmospheric moisture. This point of temperature, it is generally known, has been, by Mr. Daniel and others, denominated the "Dew Point." If the dew point be nearly as high as the temperature, while the latter is very elevated, it is obvious that the air in this state entering our lungs, almost saturated with moisture, must be incapable of receiving from the lungs as much moisture as when it is in a drier state. The breath will consequently be less capable of cooling the body, by carrying off heat in a latent state in the moisture than at other times. The occasional oppressiveness of the air may be accounted for on the above supposition. Yesterday afternoon, August, 31, 1832, at 3 P. M. the temperature in a well ventilated apartment on the ground floor was 8140. The afternoon was perfectly clear-wind at S. W. A tumbler of water taken from the hydrant, was found to have a temperature of 74°. A copious deposite of moisture was soon perceptible on the outside, by pouring in by degrees, water which had been drawn some time from the hydrant, and which had the temperature of the air, the temperature of the tumbler of water was raised to 774° before moisture ceased to be deposited, hence the dew point was but 4° below the temperature. The afternoon was of course remarked as oppressively hot, though the temperature was not so high as we have had it several times before, during the season. But as the

Morning,

Morning,

811

59

Diff. 22 773 59

Diff. 26,

74

73

Diff. 1°

It will be seen that in the morning, the hydrant water would gather no moisture until cooled by ice or spring water, and even few springs in this vicinity are probably cold enough to effect the object. I have generally found them at 52 or 53 degrees. Saturday morning, Sept. 1.

HORTICULTURAL,

J.

At a meeting of the Council of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, held at their Hall, No. 121 Chesnut st. on the 17th inst reports of the fruit and vegetable committees were presented, up to that date, and the following premiums awarded, viz:

To John Dougherty, (Gardener to John Borie, Esq.) the premium of $5, for a number uncommonly large "forced early Cauliflowers," seldom, if ever equalled so early in the season. The premium of $3, for the "best forced head Lettuce." Also, the premium of $3, for his superior "Lettuce grown in the open air," and produced on the 9th of March, six heads of which when closely trimmed, weighed 6 pounds.

To John Sherwood, (Gardener to H. Pratt, Esq.) the premium of $5, for the "best early Cucumbers," the specimens exhibited were such as the Committee had never seen equalled in all respects, so early in the season.

To Robert Scott, the premium of $3, for the "best early Cabbage," of which four heads submitted by him, were considered by the Committee, as of uncommon size and excellence.

To Edwin Mather, (Gardener to Mr. Gratz,) the premium of $2, for the "best Gooseberries." Also, the premium of $3, for the "best Melongena," (Eggplant,) produced on the 27th of July, ripe and remarkably fine, for so early a date.

To William Bates, of Camden, New Jersey, the premium of $3, for the "best early peaches," a very fine seedling variety.

The Council also awarded to John Sherwood, an extra premium of $3, for early cauliflowers, exhibited at different times, which were very fine, both in size and quality, and deserving of much praise.

Honorable mention is considered justly due to Robert Scott, for his fine early Dutch turnips, produced

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ries were exhibited by Mr. Quicksall and Aug 16 Harris's court, Letitia court,
David Allen, both of Burlington, New Jer-
sey.

The Society have observed with great pleasure, an increasing interest and care, among many of our very respectable Gardeners, in the farther improvement by cultivation, of the varied esculent vegetables, fruits, &c. with which the Philadelphia market abounds, and for which it is so justly celebrated. They respectfully invite all persons having fine fruits or vegetables of their own growth, to submit specimens of them to the inspection of the Committee, who meet on Wednesday and Saturday mornings trom 8 to 10 o'clock, at the store of D. and C. Landreth, No. 85 Chesnut st. where the premium list may be had.

From the American Republican. PATRIOTS OF THE REVOLUTION.

On Tuesday last week, the court of this county met to hear and decide upon applications under the act of last session, in favour of the veterans of the revolutionary army: 16 cases were passed by the court. The directors of the West Chester Rail Road company invited these gallant men to take a ride on the road in a splendid new car. They were accompanied by appropriate music. It was a most gratifying spectacle, to see these patriots of other days, with their locks whitened by seventy and eighty winters. Amongst the number was Col. M'Clellan, who gallantly served for upwards of five years as a captain in the continental line under Generals Wayne and Lafayette. Dr. Ehrenzeller, of this borough, served as a Surgeon in the continental army.

Hezekiah Davis, Esq. was a first lieutenant in the Pennsylvania flying camp, and was made prisoner at the capture of Fort Washington, on the Hudson river, in the fall of 1776. He was detained in captivity as a prisoner of war for upwards of four years, not being liberated till Dec. 1780.

The other applicants are equally entitled to the gratitude of their country for their gallant and faithful services in the time that tried men's souls."

ELECTRIC FLUID.-While several trains of Coal Cars were returning to the Mines, on Friday last, during a thunder storm, the iron rails on the road were observed to be sparkling with electric fluid which was conducted along them for the distance of several rods passing three train of cars, and knocking down four mules attached to them. No injury was sustained either to the road, cars, or mules.

Mauch Chunk Courier.

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REGISTER OF PENNSYLVANIA.

DEVOTED TO THE PRESERVATION OF EVERY KIND OF USEFUL INFORMATION RESPECTING THE STATE.

EDITED BY SAMUEL HAZARD.

VOL. X.-NO. 11. PHILADELPHIA, SEPTEMBER 15, 1832. NO. 246.

TRENTON DELAWARE FALLS COMPANY.

Report of the Board of Managers of the Trenton Delaware Falls Company, to the Stockholders, August 6,

A. D. 1832.

The Board of Managers of the Trenton Delaware Falls Company, aware of the deep interest felt by the public in the region where their work is located, as well as by the stockholders, in the situation, progress, and prospects of the company's enterprize, and having been prevented at the last annual meeting, by circumstances beyond their control, from presenting as full and satisfactory a report as they could have wished, take occasion now, to lay before the stockholders, and those otherwise interested, the following detail of their operations, accompanied by some remarks which may be useful, in relation to the powers and organization of the company, the location and advantages of the work, and the prospects of its completion and value: And

I. The Trenton Delaware Falls Company was incorporated by an act of the legislature of the state of New Jersey, passed the 16th of February, 1831, with power and authority to purchase, receive in donation, possess and enjoy, retain, demise, grant, lease, alien and sell, all such lands, mills, manufactories, erections, hereditaments and water privileges, rights, goods, chattels and effects, as should be useful and necessary; to erect a wing dam in the Delaware river, between the mouth of the Assanpink, and the head of Well's Falls, and a raceway in, along, and near the bank of the said river in the neighborhood of Trenton, which they are authorized to extend to any point not exceeding one and a half miles below the Trenton Falls; to cut and erect as many lateral or branch raceways, locks, weirs, gates, and other works, from the main raceway to the river, as may be deemed by the company to be expedient for the purpose of creating and using water pow. er for mills, manufacturing and other purposes; to dispose of,' grant and sell all such, portions, lots, sites and privileges acquired by them under the charter, and to convey, demise, lease and let the same, for such term or time, and upon such conditions as the company shall think proper and expedient; together with the general power of taking lands necessary for their purposes, at the appraisement of commissioners, and the incidental powers of other corporations.

The charter is perpetual; the legislature is prohibited from levying at any time on the company, any tax exceeding the half of one per cent. on the actual amount of its capital expended in the construction of the work. The capital stock is fixed at sixty thousand dollars, with the privilege of extending it at any time, to two hundred thousand dollars. The shares at fifty dollars each; and in all elections of managers, each share is entitled to a vote.

The legislature under the charter reserved to the state the right to subscribe to one fourth of the capital stock of the company, provided it should elect to do so within two years after the company should have fixed upon and agreed to the size, dimensions and route or location of the said main raceway; the election to be made by the legislature. This right, if not exercised, will expire after the next session of that body.

The managers appointed by the charter to organize the company, opened the books for the subscription in VOL X.

21

Trenton, on the second day of May, 1831, for $45,000, fourth for the state; a large excess of stock was subscribbeing three-fourths of the $60,000 capital, reserving one ed, which was apportioned by the commissioners among 221 individuals, upon principles considered the most proper and equitable. The route was surveyed, the location fixed,and under the direction of Messrs. Benjamin Wright, Charles Potts, and Stephen H. Long, three competent engineers, the preliminary steps were taken. The maps and surveys were immediately thereafter made and filed, and the land upon the whole line, from the head of Scudder's Falls to the proposed termination of the work, about a mile below the Trenton Falls, acquired, in most cases, by agreement with the land holders." That part of the line extending from the head of Scudder's Falls to the Assanpink being the most difficult and expensive part of the work, was put out under contracts, and in the fall of last year, the excavations were commenced on several portions of the work.

In January last, an order having been made for an additional subscription of $45,000, the books were again opened, and the whole additional stock subscribed for immediately by the then stockholders, to whom the privilege had been extended of doubling their stock. At the close of this subscription, the stock amounting now to 1800 shares, at $50 a share, was held by 116 individuals. The company as at present organized, consists of a president who receives a salary of fifty dollars per annum; a vice president who receives no salary; a secretary who receives a salary of fifty dollars per annum, a treasurer who receives a salary of one hundred dollars; an executive committee consisting of two members of the board, at a salary of one hundred dollars per annum each, and the engineer, who receives a salary of twelve hundred dollars a year-making an amount of $1600 per annum.

Early in the present year, one of the landholders whose land had been taken by the appraisement according to the provisions of the act of incorporation, entertaining doubts as to the constitutionality of the company's charter-filed a bill in the court of chancery for an injunction to restrain the company and their workmen from prosecuting the work upon his premises. The principal grounds taken were, 1. That the lands of individuals, could not, under the constitution of N.Jersey, be taken even for public use; unless the damages were assessed by a jury of twelve men—and in the second place, that this was a private corporation, that these lands were therefore taken for private use, and the law authorizing the appropriation was consequently void. The company took issue upon all the points raised—the case was argued at April term, by distinguished counsel on both sides, and at the late term of July, the chancellor delivered an elaborate opinion, in which upon a discussion of all the points, he fully and completely sustained the constitutionality of the charter, denied the injunction sought, and directed that the complainant's bill be dismissed with costs. An injunction granted by amaster,in vacation, to stay the proceedings of the company on another small portion of the work, was dissolved at the close of the same term by the chancellor, after argument on both sides—and the questions which involved the validity of the charter having been thus settled, an end was put to litigation-and the com

pany are entirely relieved from all legal doubts and dif- and the river; it then curves to the eastward, passes near ficulties in regard to their corporate rights-and are the tannery, and pursues a southward course along the thus guaranteed in the undisturbed prosecution and en-low lands on the west of the Lamberton road, and nearjoyment of the work. ly parallel to it, until it reaches the precincts of LamWith this brief sketch of the provisions of the charberton where it makes its debouche into the river. The ter of the company-its organization-and incipient proceedings-we proceed to,

II. A few remarks in reference to the location and advantages of the company's work.

TRENTON is situated at the head of tide water on the Delaware-is the capital of the state-with a population, including the adjacent villages, of between six and seven thousand. It is distant 30 miles from Philadelphia, and about 60 miles from New York. There are already ten mills and factories in the city and vicinity, supplied with power from the Delaware river and Assanpink creek. The city and neighborhood has always been deemed one of the most healthy in the country.

whole distance, by the route of the raceway, from the commencement at Scudder's Falls to the Assanpink, is 5 miles and 62 chains, or nearly two-thirds of a mile; and from the Assanpink to the termination of the raceway in the Delaware, is 81 chains, or a little more than a mile; making an entire distance of something less than six miles and three quarters of a mile.

2. Plan of construction--The fall in the river between the head and foot of the race is about 20 feet. The width of the raceway, on the bottom, is in no place less than 42 feet, and calculated at present, for six feet depth of water. The banks are, however, constructed nine feet higher than the bottom of the race, so as to be caun-pable of receiving a column of water eight feet in depth. The slopes of the banks are as 3: 2, or for every 18 inches base they rise one foot. The width of the top water line, for six feet water, is 60 feet; and for eight feet water, 66 feet. The wing dam at the head of the work will be formed of the largest and heaviest stones that can be procured upon the section, of which there is an abundance; these stones will be arranged according to their size and weight, the largest being put on the lower side of the dam, the middle sized next in order, the smallest on the upper side,and lastly, a layer of gravel. As the dam approaches the channel of the river, the heavier form of an ice breaker. The channel of the river where this dam well be located, closes pretty well in with the Jersey shore; the dam thereof will be short; the object of its construction being to make a finish and protection to the contiguous embankment, and to draw into the channel of the raceway, a full and copious supply of water.

The assumption is believed to be by no means warrantable or extravagant, that in regard to its local advantages as a manufacturing site it is unsurpassed, if at all equalled, by any other in the country. We speak now in reference to the natural advantages possessed, in connection with those to be derived from the other public improvements in progress in New Jersey. And 1st. It is situated in the midst of a rich agricultural country, producing a large surplus quantity of grain of every description, and capable of quadrupling its productions of every kind. The country, to a great extent on every side, is generally composed of fine land, producing or capable of yielding an immense amount of ev-stone will be arranged to give the termination the usual ery species of agricultural productions beyond the home demand-and from the produce of the regions whose natural depot is at Trenton, means would unquestionably be derived for the supply of many merchant and saw mills. 2d. It is upon a river navigable for a distance of about 250 miles above the falls-passing through a well settled country-rich in agricultural wealth, abounding especially in lumber, grain, &c. large quantities of which pass now to Philadelphia or New York, at an expense which operates as a tax of nearly an average of 25 per cent. upon its value. The whole of which will, when the canals are completed, and the company's works are established, find Trenton the nearest and most advantageous market. 3d. But the advantages of this location are greatly increased by the improvements now in progress. The feeder of the Delaware and Raritan canal passes up the river a distance of 20 miles, is 40 feet wide by 6 feet deep, and connects with the canal in the heart of the city plot, while the canal itself, connecting with the Delaware below the bars at Bordentown, and along the Millstone and Raritan to New Brunswick, will afford one of the finest sloop navigations, and all the facilities for cheap and rapid transportation by water from and to Philadelphia and New York. 4th. In addition to all these advantages may be added the Pennsylvania canal on the opposite shore, within sight of the company's works, passing along the Delaware to Easton-and the improvements about to be made in the direct land route to Philadelphia. All these combined advantages, we repeat, render Trenton, the seat of the company's water power, unsurpassed, at least in point of facilities for business, by any other location in the country.

III. It is proposed in the third place, to present a brief view of the extent, plan, progress, cost and power of the work, and of the value of that power: And

1. Its extent The main raceway commences at the head of Scudder's Falls, directly opposite the upper end of Slack's Island, and from thence continues down the bank or margin of the river Delaware, until in reaches a point opposite the centre of White's Island, where it leaves the river bank and enters upon the meadows bordering on the river, through which it passes to the Assanpink creck in Trenton. Crossing the creek about 130 feet west of Warren street, by an aqueduct,it passes through Bloomsbury, an adjacent village, in a line, at first, parallel to the main street, and between that street

From this dam, the embankment extends down in the bed of the river, through Scudder's Falls and is formed upon the following plan. As nearly one half of the excavation on this section of the work, is below the ordinary low water mark, and the descent in the falls being nearly six feet, a coffer dam has been constructed, which commences at the bluff bank of the river, a short distance above the contemplated mouth of the raceway, and extending 150 feet into the river, bends and passes down the stream directly in the middle of the space allotted for the embankment. This coffer dam is formed of three inch hemlock plank, spoked and pinned together in pairs, and laid up in cribs, each crib being about 16 feet long, 7 wide, and from four to five feet high; these cribs, so laid as to lap into each other at the ends, and filled with fine earth, and puddled, form the coffer dam, and when the work is finished, will form the middle part of the embankment. This coffer dam has a two-fold effect, first, gives strength and solidity to the embankment, and secondly, by excluding the water of the river from the work, enables the contractors to carry on the excavation free from water.

On both sides of the coffer dam, is laid the finer kind of material excavated from this part of the raceway; immediately over this the coarser kind is deposited. The small stones and slate rock, of which there is an abundance, excavated from the upper end of the section, are laid along the embankment extending from the outer bank slopes 10 feet into the river, forming a flooring or apron,of that breadth, and raised to low water mark. On this apron, the wall is intended to rest. Between the top water line and this apron the wall will be three feet thick, with a face sloping at an angle of 334 degrees to the horizon, or for every foot rise, it will have eighteen inches base. From the top water line, the wall is made in arch form, two feet thick, and rises three feet in nine, and a half feet horizontal. The radius of curvature for the arch is 16 feet, and the chord of the arch 10 feet nearly. The arch wall terminates at the top or crown, with a long and deep stone set firm into the embankment,

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