SECTION IV.

I. The times, places, and manner of holding elections for Senators and Reprefentatives, fhall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter fuch regulations, except as to the places of choofing Senators.

II. The Congrefs fhall affemble at least once in every year; and fuck meeting fhall be on the first Monday in December, unlefs they fhall, by law, appoint a different day.

SECTION V.

I. Each House shall be the judge of the elections, returns, and qualifications of its own members; and a majority of each fhall' conftitute a quorum to do bufinefs; but a fmaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of abfent members, in fuch manner, and under fuch penalties, as each Houfe may provide.

II. Each House may determine the rules of its proceedings,* punish its members for diforderly behaviour, and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member.

III. Each Houfe fhall keep a journal of its proceedings, and, from time to time, publish the fame, excepting fuch parts as may, in their judgment, require fecrefy; and the yeas and nays of the members of either Houfe, on any question, fhall, at the defire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal.

IV. Neither Houfe, during the feffion of Congress, fhall, without the confent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two Houfes fhall be fitting.

SECTION VI.

I. The Senators and Reprefentatives fhall receive a compenfation for their fervices, to be afcertained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They fhall, in all cafes, except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privileged from arreft during their attendance at the feffion of their refpective Houses, and in going to, and returning from the fame ; and for any fpeech or debate in either Houfe, they fhall not be questioned in any other place.

II. No Senator or Representative fhall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States, which fhall have been created, or the emoluments of which fhall have been increased, during fuch time; and no perfon, helding any office under the United States, fhall be a member of either Houfe during his continuance in office.

SECTION VII.

I. All bills for raising revenue, fhall originate in the House of Reprefentatives; but the Senate fhall propofe or concur with amendments as on other bills.

Every

II. Every bill which fhall have paffed the House of Reprefentatives and the Senate, fhall, before it become a law, be prefented to the Prefident of the United States. If he approve, he fhall fign it; but, if not, he fhall return it, with his objec tions, to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconfider it. If, after fuch reconfideration, two-thirds of that House fhall agree to pass the bill, it fhall be fent, together with the objections, to the other House, by which it fhall likewife be reconfidered; and, if approved by two-thirds of that House, it fhall become a law But, in all fuch cafes, the votes of both Houses fhall be determined by yeas and nays; and the names of the perfons voting for and against the bill, fhall be entered on the journal of each House respectively. If any bill fhall not be returned by the Prefident within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been prefented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had figned it, unlefs the Congrefs, by their adjournment, prevent its return; in which cafe, it shall not be a law.

III. Every order, refolution, or vote, to which the concurrence of the Senate and Houfe of Representatives may be neceffary (except on a question of adjournment) fhall be prefented to the Prefident of the United States; and, before the fame shall take effect, be approved by him; or, being disapproved by him, fhall be repaffed by two-thirds of both Houfes according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the cafe of a bill.

SECTION VIII.

The Congrefs fhall have power

1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, impofts, and excifes, to pay the debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the United States; but all duties, impofts, and excifes fhall be uniform throughout the United States.

11. To borrow money on the credit of the United States. III. To regulate commerce with foreign nations, and among the feveral States, and with the Indian tribes.

IV. To establish an uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States.

V. To coin money; regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin; and fix the standard of weights and measures.

VI. To provide for the punishment of counterfeiting the fecurities and current coin of the United States.

VII. To establish poft offices and poft roads.

VIII. To promote the progrefs of fcience and useful arts, by Securing for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclufive right to their respective writings and discoveries.

IX. To conftitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court.

Το

X. To define and punish piracies and felonies committed on the high feas, and offences against the law of nations.

XI. To declare war; grant letters of marque and reprisal: and make rules concerning captures on land and water.

XII. To raise and fupport armies. But no appropriation of money for that ufe, fhall be for a longer term than two years. XIII. To provide and maintain a navy.

XIV. To make rules for the government and regulation of

the land and naval forces.

XV. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, fupprefs infurrections, and repel invasions. XVI. To provide for organizing, arming, and difciplining the militia, and for governing fuch part of them as may be employed in the fervice of the United States; referving to the States refpectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia according to the difcipline prescribed by Congrefs.

XVII. To exercise exclusive legislation in all cafes whatsoever, over fuch district (not exceeding ten miles fquare) as may, by cafion of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the feat of the Government of the United States; and to exercite like authority over all places purchased by the confent of the Legislature of the State in which the fame fhall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, and other needful buildings-And,

XVIII. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vefted by this Conftitution, in the Government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof.

SECTION IX.

1. The migration or importation of fuch perfons as any of the States now exifting fhall think proper to admit, fhall not be prohibited by the Congrefs, prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight; but a tax or duty may be imposed on fuch importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each perfon.

II. The privilege of the writ of Habeas Corpus fhall not be fufpended, unlefs when, in cafes of rebellion or invafion, the public fafety may require it.

III. No bill of attainder or ex post facto law fhall be paffed. IV. No capitation or other direct tax fhall be laid, unlefs in proportion to the cenfus or enumeration herein before dire&ed to be taken.

V. No tax or duty fhall be laid on articles exported from any State. No preference fhall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one State over thofe of another; nor fhall veffels, bound to or from one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.

No

VI. No money fhall be drawn from the treafury, but in confequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular ftatement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money fhall be published from time to time.

VII. No title of nobility fhall be granted by the United States: And no perfon, holding any office of profit or trust under them, fhall, without the confent of Congrels, accept of any prefens, emolument, office or title of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

SECTION X.

I. No State fhall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprifal: coin money; emit bills of credit; make any thing but gold and filver coin a tender in payment of debts; pafs any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law impairing the obligation of contracts, or grant any title of nobility.

II. No State fhall, without the confent of Congrefs, lay any impofts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be abfolutely neceffary for executing its infpection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any State on imports or exports, fhall be for the ufe of the Treafury of the United States; and all fuch laws fhall be fubject to the revifion and control of Congrofs. No State fhall, without the confent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in fuch imminent danger as will not admit of delay.

ARTICLE II -SECTION I.

I. The Executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He fhall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Vice-Prefident, chofen for the fame term, be elected as follows:

II. Each State fhall appoint, in fuch manner as the Legisla ture thereof may direct, a number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Reprefentatives, to which the State may be entitled in the Congrefs; but no Senator, or Re prefentative, or perfon holding any office of trust or profit under the United States, fhall be appointed an Elector.

III. The Electors fhall meet in their respective States, and vote, by ballot, for two perfons, of whom, one, at leak, fhall not be an inhabitant of the fame State with themselves. And they shall make a lift of all the perfons voted for, and of the number of votes for each; which lift they fhall fign and certify, and tranfmit fealed to the feat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The Prefident

of

of the Senate fhall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes fhall then be counted The perfon having the greatest number of votes fhall be the Prefident, if fuch number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have fuch majority, and have an equal number of votes, then the House of Representatives fhall immediately choofe, by ballot, one of them for Prefident; and if no perfon have a majority, then, from the five higheft on the lift, the faid Houfe fhall in like manner choofe the Prefident. But, in choofing the Prefident, the votes fhall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one vote; a quorum for this purpose fhall confift of a member, or members, from twothirds of the States; and a majority of all the States fhall be neceffary to a choice. In every cafe, after the choice of the Prefident, the perfon having the greatest number of votes of the Electors fhall be the Vice-Prefident. But if there fhould remain two or more who have equal votes, the Senate fhall choose from them, by ballot, the Vice-Prefident.

IV. The Congress may determine the time of choofing the Electors, and the day on which they fhall give their votes ; which day fhall be the fame throughout the United States.

V. No perfon, except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States at the time of the adoption of this Conftitution, fhall be eligible to the office of Prefident. Neither fhail any perfon be eligible to that office, who fhall not have attained to the age of 35 years, and been 14 years a refident within the United States.

VI. In cafe of the removal of the Prefident from office, or of his death, refignation, or inability to difcharge the powers and duties of the faid office, the fame fhall devolve on the VicePrefident; and the Congrefs may, by law, provide for the cafe of removal, death, refignation, or inability, both of the Prefident and Vice-Prefident, declaring what Officer fhall then act as Prefident; and fuch Officer fhall act accordingly, until the difability be removed, or a Prefident fhall be elected,

VII. The Prefident fhall, at stated times, receive for his fervices, a compenfation, which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he fhall have been elected; and he fhall not receive, within that period, any other emolument from the United States, or any of them.

VIII. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he fhall take the following oath, or affirmation :-" I do folemnly fwear "(or affirm), That I will faithfully execute the office of Prefi"dent of the United States; and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Conftitution of the United

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