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GREEN-HOUSE PLANTS Aloe albaspina, Thunbergia Elata, Hydrangea Japonica, Pittosporuci revolutum, Gardenia florida, Gloxinia Caulescens. FUCHSIAS.-Paragon, Maria, Venus Victrix, Kentish Hero, Mar

ROSES-BENGAL.-Cypres, Cels Multiflora, Darius, Jacksonia, Louis Philippe, Madame Fries Morel, Philippe, La Superbe, Furtado, Perfection. ROSES-TEA SCENTED.-Arch Dutchess Therese Isabelle, Bou-ginate, Victory Superb. gere, Dremont, Josephine Malton, Moire, Nitida, Saffrano, Silene, American White, Fleur de Cypres, La Desiré, Barbot, Common Blush. ROSES BOURBON.-Abbé Plantier, Amenaide, Acidalie, Angustine Lelieur, Bosanquet, Bouquet de Flore, Gloire de Rosamanes, Henri Plantier, Julie de Loynes, Madame Breon, Thiaffait, Madame Després, Madame Newman, Paul Joseph, Reine du Congress, Comice de Seine and Marne, Madame Margat, Newman, Margi

nate.

ROSES-NOISETTE.-Lamarque, Miss Glegg, Madame Guerin,

Nykemene.

ROSES PERPETUAL.-Antinous, Du Roi panaché, Darius, Ebène, La Reine, Globe, Marie Denise, Palmyre, Ponctuée.

ROSES-HYB. PERPETUAL.-Clementine Duval, Aubernon, Comte de Paris, Madame Laffay, Prince Albert, Queen Victoria, River's (Laffay), Gloire de Guerin, James Watt, Lady Fordwick, Augustine Mouchelet, La Bouquetiere, Isaure La Blaie, Emma Dampierre, Mrs. Elliott, L. Peel, Minerva, Duc d' Enghien, Lady Seymour, Aricie, Requien, Dutchess de Montmorency, Du Roi, long peduncle, St. Fiacre, Strié, Helene Maret, Torrida, Leop. de Boeuf, Comtesse Duchatel, Docteur Marx, Dutchess de Nemours, Dutchess de Sutherland, Julie Dupont, Lady Alice Peel, Lane, Marquis de Bocella.

ROSES-HYB. CHINESE.-La Nubienne, Madame Plantier, Ne Plus Ultra, Pallagi panache, Sextus Pompinius, Triomphe d' Angers, Vandaels, Velour Episcopal, Violet de Belgique, Watt's Celestial, Belle Feronniere, Poilpré, Sanspareil, Parigot, Duke of Sussex, Anzou, Assuerus, Brennus, Chatelaine, Comte Coutard, De Chenedolé, De Laage, Duke of Devonshire, Fabvier, Flora McIvor, George the IV., La Grandeur, Louis Le Roi, Beranger, Vibert, Boullote, Limulienne, Fimbriata.

ROSES-HYB. BOURBON.-Celine, Coupe d'Hebé, Elize Mercoeur, Henri Barbet, Hortense Le Roy, La Dauphine, Le Gouvé, Majestueux, A Petales Mucroné, Stríé, Belle de St. Cyr, Paul

Perras.

ROSES-FAIRY.--Roseate.

ROSES MULTIFLORA.-Laure Davoust, Russelliana or CotROSES-HYB. CLIMBING.-Plantier, Triomphe de Bollvyller.

tage.

ROSES-AYRSHIRE.-Ayrshire Queen.

ROSES-Moss-Common Red, Crested, Crimson, Incarnate, Louise Colet, Luxembourg Crimson, Pompone feu, Princess Royal, Sage Leaved, Scarlet De la Fleche, White Bath, White French, White Perpetual, D' Orleans, Afeuille luisante, Angelique Quetier, Charlotte de Sor. Laucel, Celina, Panaché double, Rouge, Rosefoncé, Eclatante, Mrs. Wood, Pompon feu, Unique de Provence, Malvina, French Crimson, A gros fruit, Feuilles Agathe, Charles, Pale Violet, Vilmorin, Variegated.

ROSES-ALBA.-Felicité Parmentier, New Blush Hip, Old White, Sophie de Bavière, Pompone Carnea.

ROSES-PROVENCE-Odette de Champdivers, Snow Ball, Royal Cabbage, Blush, Frelatte, Unique.

ROSES-DWARF PROV.-Rose de Juno.

ROSES-VARIEGATED PROV.-L'Hopital, Cosimo Ridolphi, Comte de Murinais, Tibulle, Agamede, Belle Esquermoise, Belle Hermine No. 6, Belle Hermine No. 7, Insigne Destekls, Pluton, Imperiale, Beriéze, Marjolin pourpre, Soeur Vincent.

ROSES-HYBRID PROVENCE.-Belle Sylvain, Blanche Fleur, Christine de Pisan, Donna Sol, Feu brillant, Lee, Zetelle, Madame Huet, Glory of France.

ROSES GALLICA.-Leon the 10th, Arlequin, Fanny Parisot, Fontenelle, La Muskowa, New Village Maid, Panache semi-double, Stella, Tricolor No. 1, Tricolor No. 2, Village Maid, The Prince, La Belle Marié, Antonine d'Ormois, Vidua, Aurelie La Marc, Boula de Nauteuil, Crivalis, Roi de Prusse, Dutchess of Buccleugh, Heureuse Surprise, William Tell, Mignon bicolor. ROSES-DAMASK.-Monstrueux. ROSES-CENTIFOLIA-Al. Blanchard, Oielet. ROSES-BLACK-Adelaide, Black Merice, Champion, Cramoisie enflammé, Gloriosa Superba, imperiale, Iris Noir, La Belle Africaine, La Cherie, La Negresse, Le Seigneur d' Artzelaine, Ne

STRAWBERRIES.-Garnestone Scarlet, Large Flat Hautbois, Prince Albert, Prince's New Pine, Black Roseberry, Downton, Prince's Prince Albert Seedling, Crimson Cone, British Queer, Hovey's Seedling, Boston Pine, Royal Scarlet, Prince's New Early Seedling, Victoria, Aberdeen or Dundee, Princess Alice Maude, Ross Phoenix, Myatt's Eliza, Deptford Pine, English White Wood, Prolific Hautbois, Hudson's Bay, Bishop's Orange, Royal Scarlet, Methven Scarlet, Georgian Scarlet.

RHUBARE-Leviathan, Victoria, Dalley's New Scarlet Giant, Early Tobolsk, Giant or Goliah, Wilmot's Early Red.

Roses exhibited by William R. Prince & Co., June 25th,

1846.

CHINA.-Archduke Charles, Tancrede, Abelard, Miranda, Darius, Mioland, Reine des Belges, La Superbe, Le Camoens, Jeune Arcole, Caroline de Berri, Hermine, Joseph Deschiens, Roi de Hollande, Menes, Vilmorin.

TEA-White, Le Pactole, Floralie, Therese Isabelle, Moiré, Madame Roussel, Comte de Paris, Abricoté, Mirabile, Desiré Roussel, Arrance de Navarro, Belle Margueritte, Belle Favorite, Perfection, Marechal Bugeaud.

BOURBON.-Princesse de Modena, Hennequin, Amenaide, Antinous, Anne Beluze, Gaston de Panek, Newmaní, Abbé Plantier, Don Alvar, Dumont de Courset, Paul Joseph, Farquin, Souvenir de Malmaison, Jobes Desgaches, Madame Souchet, Julie de Loynes, La Gracieuse, Belle Interessante, Striped, Bizarine, Zulema, Madame Aude, Splendens, Crimson Globe.

NOISETTE-Vitellina, Aime Vibert, Clara Wendell, Monstreuse, Victoire Daumy, Nykemene, Nemesis, Solfatare, Prince's Superb White, Boulogne.

PERPETUAL-Grand Monarque, Requien, Ferox de Guerin, Mogador, Billiard, Amanda Patenotte, White Damask, Du Roi blanche, D'Esquermes, Isaure Lablée, Tougard, Moheleda, Pourpre, Minerva, Josephine Antoinette.

HYBRID PERPETUAL.-Louis Bonaparte, Duc d'Aumale, Julie Dutchess of Sutherland, Prince Albert, Beck, La Reine, Melanie Dupont, Madame Laffay, Princesse Helene, Clementine Duval, Cornu, David de Angers, Augustine Mouchelet, Marquiso Bocella, Dutchess de Montmorency.

HYBRID CHINESE.-Beranger, Duke of Devonshire, Vandaels, Vibert.

HYBRID BOURBON.-Joasine, Victor Hugo, Hortense Leroy.
HYBRID CLIMBING.-Triumph of Bolwyller.
HYBRID PROVENCE.-Belle Sylvain.

PROVENCE.-Unique White.

VARIEGATED PROVENCE.-Superb Striped Unique, Mecéne, Rouget de Lille, Cosimo Ridolphi.

DWARF PROVENCE-Pompone de la Queue.

MACARTNEY.-Double White, Pink Maria Leonida.
FAIRY.-Liliputienne, Rosenté.

BOURSAULT.-Amadis, Gracilis.

MULTIFLORA.-Double White.

Moss.-Celina, Blush, Sage leaved, White French, White Per Petual, Louise Colet, Feuille Agathe, Etna, Asepetala, Hardy, Splendens, Orleans, Variegated. MICROPHYLLA.-Rosea

VARIEGATED GALLICA.-Village Maid.

PRAIRIE.-Caradori Allan, Anna Maria, Eva Corinne, Seraphine, Baltimore Belle, Queen of the Prairies, Mrs. Hovey, Fatima, Ra ington, Prince's Gracilis, New Seedling Blush. nunculiflora, Linnaan Hill Beauty, Triumphant, Pride of Wash

ALBA.-Felicité Parmentier, New Blush Hip.
GALLICA.-Boula de Nanteuil.
HYBRID.-Manetti, Helene Maret.
DAMASK.-Madame Hardy.

FLOWERS.-Iris of various species, Large Blue Clematis, Cyprìpediums, &c.

STRAWBERRIES.-Montevideo Pine, monstrous size.

PATENT SYRINGES AND GARDEN ENGINES. Manufactured and improved by M. Pool, and sold at the New Garden Engine from $25 to $30.

gro, Negro panache, Pluto, Proserpine, Rebecca, Regina Nigro-York Agricultural Warehouse. Price of Syringes from $4 to $6. rum, Tuscany, Veaustus.

ROSES SUMMER.-Belie Elize, Bright Crimson, Dark Mar. bled, Diademe Superbe, Garnier Pages, Grand Alexandre, Grand Duc, Grand Monstreuse, Jacqueline panaché, L' Aimable d'Stors, Ornement de parade, Paragon, Petite Blush, Purple Velvet, Strik ing Red, Transparent, Victoire Bizarre, Volidatum, Agremont. ROSES-SWEET BRIARS.-Double Margined Hip, Riego, White American,

A. B. ALLEN, No. 187 Water Street, N.Y.

IMPROVED BERGEN PLOW. The subscriber has just received a lot of the above Plows, manufactured by B. Meyer, Newark, N. J.

A. B. ALLEN, 187 Water Street, N. Y.

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DURHAM CATTLE FOR SALE. The Subscriber offers for sale his entire herd of thorough-bred Durham Cattle. It consists of bulls, cows, heifers, and calves, to the number of 25 head. It has been bred with great care, and with especial reference to its dairy properties. For pedigrees, see the American Herd Book; and for a knowledge of this stock, I would refer to A. B. Allen, 187 Water Street, New York. further particulars inquire of PAOLI LATHROP.

South Hadley Falls, Mass., Aug., 1846.

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943

... 246

247

250

Hints on the Construction of Farm-Houses, A J. Downing... 248
Preservation and Application of Manures, A. Beatty..
Queries on Butter Making, A Subscriber
Domestic Fish Ponds, No. 3, D'Jay Browne
To make Bacon....

New York State Agricultural Show.
Pennock's Seed and Grain Planter
Management of Honey Bees, No. 2, T. B. Miner
Cultivation of Corn, M. C. M. Hammond....
LADIES' DEPARTMENT: Knitting, E. L....
Boys' DEPARTMENT: Good Tools for Boys Again, Lert....
Foreign Agricultural News........

953

958

959

Editor's Table............................. 260
Review of the Market.............................. 262

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THE product of our grass land is not only far beyond that of any other crop in the United States, but is probably greater than all other crops com- With too many of the farmers, grass lands are bined, as they are taken from the field. This is either totally neglected, or they receive just enough not true with certain parts of the Union, as in por- of attention to rescue them from absolute abandontions of the South, where cotton, rice, sugar, or ment. Some farmers never sow an ounce of grass other leading articles are cultivated; nor with such seed on their land; but after first clearing off as are in the neighborhood of large markets, where the original growth of wood, or taking off a crop of fruits and vegetables are in steady demand at high grain, they heedlessly abandon it to the growth of prices. But throughout the States generally, we do such herbage as may spring up from the chance not doubt that the aggregate of the production of seed of former years' accumulation in the soil; and grass is far beyond that of all other raw products as this is pretty equally made up of the seeds of combined: for it must be remembered that grain and rice, after harvesting, must be threshed and cleaned at an expense of several cents per bushel: cotton must be carefully picked and cleaned, and then baled; sugar and tobacco must be manufactured before they are ready for market; all of Grass-lands, whether intended for meadow or which expenses should first be deducted before pasture, ought to be prepared with the same cauplacing them on a par with grass, which is always tion as fields of grain or vegetables. They should marketable in the field, either by the animals which be finely, evenly, and smoothly plowed and harconsume it, or as hay. If we consider farther, tha: rowed; they should be in high condition as to fernearly every one of the other products is raised by tility; all the furrows should be carefully smoothed long-continued, expensive, laborious efforts, both of down and levelled if leechy land, or as carefully man and beast, we largely enhance the comparative cleaned out and kept open for thorough surface value of the grasses, as they are thus secured in all draining, if they consist of stiff clay. The seed their value and importance at a much cheaper rate should be well chosen for plumpness and weight, than other productions. Another and highly im- and entire freedom from any improper mixture; portant advantage they possess over other crops is, and, lastly, it should be evenly and most liberally they but slightly impoverish the soil in any in- sown with one, or as many varieties of grass or stance, while, in many, they tend to its fertilisation; clover, as is best suited to the soil, or the object but all other crops exhaust it to a greater or less proposed. If, from unforeseen causes, as drought degree. If these propositions be true, it behooves or winter killing, or imperfection of seed, any spots the farmer to look well after his grass lands. If should prove bare or imperfectly seeded, the first properly prepared and managed, they are a mine of proper time should be taken for re-seeding it. wealth to him; while, with the generality of Cattle should be carefully excluded till the grass farmers, if they be neglected, wo betide his re- I has acquired a fine sod, and, in the spring, and suf

106

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS.

ficiently early in the autumn, to prevent any poach- the munificence of the State; yet they will find ing, by which unsightly holes are made for standing there little to fit them for their own peculiar sphere. water, and to the total exclusion of all growth of The discovery of a new world of agricultural grass. If the herbage at any time becomes thin or deficient, or mosses or weeds encroach upon the useful growth, guano, ashes, plaster, lime, stablemanure, peat, or muck composts should be added to remedy the first, and the usual appliances resorted to for removing the last. Thus managed and grazed by choice breeds of stock, every way well looked after, the farmers generally will find their most profitable returns from grass lands.

AGRICULTURAL COLLEGES AND SCHOOLS. To Legislators throughout the United States-or rather to their constituents, as the former are merely their servants their waiting echo.

science has burst upon this age; and order and design are found to govern, by the exactest principles and laws, every one of nature's operations. Many of these principles and laws have been detected by the ablest scientific explorers of Europe, such as Davy, Chaptal, Boussingault, Liebig, Johnston, and others. These discoveries, and what are destined to succeed them, will give to agricultural pursuits a precision and advantage, similar to what followed the discovery of the magnet in maritime affairs. The farmer has, from time immemorial, been groping in the dark; he knew only what experience revealed to him; and even from this he often drew false conclusions, from not being able to comprehend all The establishment of Agricultural Schools and the premises, and the most ordinary operations of Colleges by our legislative bodies has been repeat-nature. With well known, undeviating principles edly urged in these columns, but hitherto, like many with which to work, the Agriculturist could push other important things, without success. Although boldly into the ocean of experiments, and calculate, hopeless of securing any present aid for these most with unerring certainty, his latitude and longitude, praiseworthy objects, by our National or State and the precise distance he was from any given Legislatures, we yet deem it incumbent upon us, as point, instead of slowly coasting along dangerous, conductors of a public journal, whose sole object is dreary coasts, in continual fear of shipwreck. the advancement of the agricultural classes, to re- The difference between the practice of a farmer of iterate and re-urge this question. If we cannot for the last century and of one in the age to come, will the present induce any favorable action from those not be less than the difference between a voyage who are delegated to enact laws, we can bring the from Liverpool to Boston by the Cunard line of subject to the attentive consideration of those who steamers, and a coasting voyage from the same select their representatives for this purpose. We point, by the Scottish coast, the Orkneys and Shetthus hope to enlighten public sentiment on this all-land isles, Nova Zembla, the Polar ice, Greenland, important matter; and if the people are once and the north-eastern coast of America, in the awakened to its importance, they will see to it, that ancient craft of the Carthaginians or freebooting their representatives do not long continue to neglect Danes and Swedes. their interests. If they will not lead in a measure of such vital consequence to this, the largest interests of the community, they can be driven into it when the people have become aroused.

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Talk of the agricultural intelligence of this age! Why, it is merely this; some few intellectual men of other countries scarcely any of our own,-have just overstepped that horizon of darkness, which It is somewhat strange, and entirely unaccount- has hitherto hedged in the world, and made a few able on any other principle than narrowness of preliminary discoveries! What a poor amount of views, discreditable to the age, or the utter subser- agricultural knowledge is this! It is in the spirit viency of our leading men to the behests of party, of the age, and should be peculiarly that of this that they cannot take this single step in advance of country, which boasts of its intelligence, to carry the practice of past ages, and assume the responsi-out by every means in its power, so laudable, so bility of maturing and carrying out a measure intelligent, and withal so money-making a scheme,— fraught with so much benefit to the country at for "money" is the talismanic word we are forced large, as would result from the establishment of one to use. But so little light has hitherto penetrated or more institutions, which will bring to the minds among our agriculturists, that five-sixths of the of adults as well as youth, the great principles and most intelligent of them will tell you, that the the most approved practice of Agricultural Science.new of the moon is the time for this, the first quarShould our law-makers vote an amount perfectly ter for that, her fulling for another, and her waning adequate to the purchase of a suitable experimental for something else." Not even a Farmer's Almana farm and the erection of proper buildings, apparatus, will sell, without a mystic figure installed as the &c., and engage some able men to carry out the key of nature, surrounded by the Zodiac and its objects of the undertaking, can it be doubted that signs, whose converging rays indicate the hidden the farmers of the great State of New York would secrets of nature, and expose the whole cycle of not most fully sustain it? Are they for ever to re- her operations! Astrology, that has been abanmain the hewers of wood and drawers of water to doned by the world at large for two hundred years every other class in the community, and see thou- or more, is good enough to reveal the mysteries of sands annually devoted to the higher branches of the farmer's art, embracing, as it does, almost all the education in other professions, and they not be laws of nature! Out upon the twaddle, and more allowed to receive a meagre per centage of this out-unmeaning gibberish than nursery maids deal out to lay, for the necessary improvement of their own nurslings, when they tell the farmers, "their dear profession and interests? True, they can participate, constituents,"-" the bone and sinew of the land”— in common with others, in the higher walks of" the most enlightened class of the country,”— academical and collegiate education, provided by the expectancy and rose of the fair State," and

66

VALUE OF ANTHRACITE COAL ASHES.-INDIAN CORN FOR SOILING, ETC.

107

other holiday and juggling terms, with which they | these ashes, after spreading them on grass lands, it are smothered; adding that "they do not require would be well to pass a roller over the meadow in any assistance from art, they have only to plow order to sink the cinders in the ground, out of the and delve, and cast in their seed, and nature will do way of the edge of the scythe. Anthracite ashes the rest they need but pay their taxes for the sup- can be had in the city for the mere cost of gathering, port of the State, and others will take care that and in some instances the corporation carts will degovernment and the professions are well looked liver them on the dock, gratis. We hope to see after." them no longer wasted in the streets of New York. Were our own views carried out, we would ap propriate at once, half a million of dollars for the INDIAN CORN FOR SOILING AND FODDER. founding of an Agricultural College and experi- WE doubt whether the value of Indian corn is mental farm, the interest of which should for ever more than half known yet among the generality of be devoted to the employment of the ablest profes- farmers; and if the unparallaled drought throughsors the world affords, whose whole genius and at-out the country last summer should have a tendency tainments should be devoted to discoveries in this to teach it to them, the terrible lesson may be art, and in teaching them to our most intelligent looked upon as a mercy rather than a scourge, from youth. We would invite the Liebigs, and Bous-a beneficent Providence. During the past eight singaults, and Johnstons, and Bakewells, to occupy months, thousands of animals have perished or been chairs in the institution, at salaries which would com- sacrificed for want of grass or fodder to sustain mand their acceptance; and as soon as others could them, all of which might have been saved and kept be appropriately filled by American genius, who in good condition, had each farmer sown a few should be pressed into service to the full extent of acres of corn for soiling and fodder. We saw last the demand. Minor establishments should receive summer, on a light sandy soil, a crop of corn growencouragement and support, and every pecuniary ing, which turned out six tons of excellent dry fodaid which could facilitate the discovery and disse- der per acre. It was sown on the first day of July, mination of agricultural science and art, should be in drills three feet apart. The land was plowed freely and liberally granted. We should then see deep, and highly manured. This crop was the the beginning of the end of the shameful neglect of means of saving a superior herd of cows from starthe agricultural class; we should be able to console vation. Henceforth, however promising the grass ourselves with the reflection, that we had at least and hay crop may be, let no farmer depend entirely made whatever effort was in our power, to accom-upon it, but let him sow a few acres of corn for plish the greatest good to the greatest number. summer soiling, or to be cured for winter's use. What say you, farmers, to this proposition? He will then be tolerably independent of a capriShall anything be done or not? If anything is to cious season. If the land be rich and properly prebe accomplished, you will have to make the first pared for corn, it will be sure to come up and grow, You must command your delegates to give however dry it may be, provided the seed be preyou from their loaded coffers, some small part of the pared by steeping it in guano or saltpetre water, or means you have so liberally provided for them, that some other cheap solution. When corn is tolerably you may be able, from its judicious expenditure, to advanced in its growth, it completely shades the supply still more. You have only to set about this ground, and the drought will have little effect upon in earnest, and the object is already accomplished. it. A larger crop may usually be grown in drills The above was written for our March number, than when sown broad-cast; and if these drills be but unfortunately crowded out. By reference to two or two and a half feet apart, we believe it will the proceedings of the American Agricultural Asso-be found better than nearer, especially in a very dry ciation, page 109, it will be seen that one of our season, as the cultivator can be often run between citizens has generously offered the free use of his the rows, stirring the ground effectually, and neufarm for five years, for the benefit of an Agricultural tralizing, in a measure, the effects of dry weather. School. This farm is in the finest possible order, We recommend sowing at least one acre of corn and one of the best in this vicinity. Its buildings for fodder, for every five head of cattle kept on also are very complete, and nearly new. We hope the farm. If there be an overplus of hay it is very others will be stimulated to follow this munificent easily disposed of.

move.

example. If public bodies will not move, let private bodies do so, and the former will soon emulate FISH.-These are used in large quantities as matheir example. It is painful to think of the wealth nure. They are ordinarily applied directly to the which is annually lavished on vanity and folly in land by being plowed in; or corn and other crops this country, which might, if the owners would but are manured in the hill with them. This is a will it, be devoted to the glorious cause of the ad-great waste, however, in their application, and a vancement of the science and practice of agriculture. shocking nuisance to the country around; for the moment decomposition begins, the air is poisoned

VALUE OF ANTHRACITE COAL ASHES.-In the with their noxious smell. To prevent this, they February No. of the Agriculturist, page 55, one of should be mixed with peat, in layers of 3 inches of our correspondents gave an excellent article on the fish to 9 inches of the latter. After lying three value of anthracite ashes for corn. Since this, we months or so, toss over the compost, and it is ready understand they were applied on the grass lands in for use. Fish may be composted with muck or New Jersey, last spring, at the rate of 50 bushels soil of any description, in the same way as peat; per acre, and notwithstanding the unprecedented but in this case sufficient charcoal dust or plaster of drouth, they were the means of doubling the crop Paris must be added to absorb the unpleasant of grass. As there are more or less hard cinders in smell.

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