submittal of technical data and/or flight tests in order to establish compliance with the applicable airworthiness provisions. Examples of such major alterations for which it would be desirable to contact a representative of the Administrator prior to accomplishment of the alteration are given in Civil Aeronautics Manual 18. See also § 1.25 of this subchapter. (1) An authorized representative of the Administrator; or (2) An appropriately rated certificated repair station, if the work has been performed by such repair station in accordance with a manual, specification, or other technical data approved by the Administrator; or (3) A manufacturer, if the product has been rebuilt or altered by the manufacturer under the provisions of § 18.10 (d) and in accordance with a manual, specification, or other technical data approved by the Administrator; or (4) An appropriately certificated air carrier, if the work has been performed by such air carrier in accordance with a manual, specification, or other technical data approved by the Administrator; or (5) An appropriately rated certificated repair station, a manufacturer, or an appropriately certificated air carrier, if the product has been approved under the terms of a Technical Standard Order and the work is performed in accordance with data furnished by the product manufacturer which he asserts meet the terms of the Technical Standard Order; or (6) A certificated commercial operator, if the work has been performed on aircraft listed in the operating certificate of that operator and has been performed in accordance with a manual, specification, or other technical data approved by the Administrator; or (7) A certificated mechanic holding both airframe and powerplant ratings when authorized by the Administrator in accordance with the provisions of Part 24 of this subchapter, if the work has been performed in accordance with a manual, specification, or other technical data approved by the Administrator. [21 F.R. 4863, June 30, 1956, as amended by Amdt. 18-1, 22 F.R. 1631, Mar. 14, 1957] § 18.11-1 Return to service (FAA interpretations which apply to § 18.11). An airframe, powerplant, propeller, or appliance which has undergone mainte nance, repair or alteration is considered returned to service when it has been determined airworthy by a person authorized to approve maintenance, repairs or alterations under § 18.11, and: (a) Appropriate aircraft record entries have been made and approved by a person authorized under § 18.11 (a). (b) The repair and alteration form authorized or furnished by the Administrator has been properly executed and approved by a person authorized under § 18.11 (b). [Supp. 1, 18 F. R. 7389, Nov. 21, 1953] § 18.11-2 Contacting_FAA_representa tive prior to alteration (FAA policies which apply to § 18.11). Before the following major alterations are undertaken, they should be discussed with a representative of the Administrator who is authorized to approve them. (a) Major changes to the basic design of the wings or control surfaces. (b) Changes which may affect the aerodynamic characteristics, flight behavior, or control of the aircraft. (c) Major alterations of any primary structure that require structural substantiation. (d) Installation of a fuel tank in a wing which was not designed to contain a fuel tank. (e) Replacing of fabric covering with metal or impregnated glass cloth (see § 18.30-3 (f) and (g)). (f) Installation of an engine other than listed in the aircraft specifications. (g) Installation of a propeller model not listed on the pertinent FAA aircraft specification. (h) Converting from landing gear with tail wheel to a tricycle-type landing gear, such installation not listed on the FAA aircraft specification. (i) Previously unapproved changes to engine adjustments and settings having an effect on power output, such as changes in carburetor settings and ignition timing. (j) Changes to air intake, airscoop, or carburetor heat valve, or carburetor heat air system which may alter intake air flow, affect fuel metering, or change mixture distribution pattern. (k) Changes to exhaust system which may increase back pressure and thereby decrease power output or reduce reliability. (1) Changes reducing strength of power-plant components, such as adding openings in cowl or engine mount structure, cutting down edge distances on mounting flanges, increasing exhaust system overhang on exhaust parts, etc. (m) Change in location or direction of motion of powerplant controls. (n) Changes which might adversely influence the aerodynamic effect of the powerplant, such as adding or changing cowl flaps, increasing size of air inlets or outlets, or change in shape of cowling protuberances, etc. (0) Powerplant changes which result in a change in c. g. range. (p) Changes affecting cooling of engine, such as baffle changes, addition of holes in cowling and baffle parts, placing of obstructions in air flow path, or restricting air inlet or outlet openings. Exhaust system changes which cause an increase in back pressure usually have an adverse effect on engine cooling. (q) Changes adversely affecting fuel flow to the engine, such as adding restrictions in the form of fittings, longer or smaller lines, finer mesh screens, or valve substitutions; altering flow characteristics by changes in fuel system components. (r) Major alterations to radio equipment approved under type certification or the TSO system which are not performed in accordance with a manual, specification, or other data approved by the Administrator, or with alteration data furnished by the manufacturer of an item under the TSO system. [Supp. 1, 18 F. R. 7390, Nov. 21, 1953, as amended by Supp. 3, 19 F. R. 4185, July 9, 1954; Supp. 5, 20 F.R. 7535, Oct. 8, 1955; Supp. 7, 22 F.R. 600, Jan. 30, 1957] § 18.12 Persons authorized to perform and approve one-hundred-hour, periodic, and progressive inspections. (a) One hundred-hour inspection. No person shall perform and approve 100hour inspections except one of the following: (1) Certificated mechanics who together hold airframe and powerplant ratings, or a certificated mechanic holding both such ratings; or (2) An appropriately rated certificated repair station; or (3) The manufacturer holding the type certificate for the aircraft and who is operating under an approved production inspection system or a production certificate. (b) Periodic inspection. No person shall perform and approve periodic inspections except one of the following: (1) A certificated mechanic holding both airframe and powerplant ratings when authorized by the Administrator in accordance with Part 24 of this subchapter; or (2) An appropriately rated certificated repair station; or (3) The manufacturer holding the type certificate for the aircraft and who is operating under an approved production inspection system or a production certificate. (c) Progressive inspection. No person shall perform or supervise and approve progressive inspections except one of the following: (1) A certificated mechanic holding both airframe and powerplant ratings when authorized by the Administrator in accordance with Part 24 of this subchapter; or (2) An appropriately rated certificated repair station; or (3) The manufacturer holding the type certificate for the aircraft and who is operating under an approved production inspection system or a production certificate. NOTE: This section does not apply to persons engaged in the inspection and maintenance of aircraft operated in accordance with Part 40 or Part 41 of this subchapter or aircraft of more than 12,500 pounds maximum certificated take-off weight operated in accordance with the provisions of Part 42 of this subchapter. [21 F. R. 4864, June 30, 1956] § 18.12-1 Appropriately rated and certificated repair station (FAA interpretations which apply to § 18.12). An appropriately rated and certificated repair station is a repair station holding either Class Airframe or Limited Airframe ratings appropriate to the make and model of aircraft to be inspected. [21 F. R. 3180, May 15, 1956] § 18.13 Aircraft operating limitations. When a major repair or major alteration results in any change in the aircraft operating limitations or data contained in the approved airplane flight manual, appropriate amendments to the aircraft operating limitations shall be made in the form and manner approved by the Administrator. [21 F. R. 4864, June 30, 1956] § 18.13-1 Aircraft operating limitations (FAA policies which apply to § 18.13). (a) Aircraft operating limitations are prescribed or approved by the FAA for each aircraft as part of the airworthiness certificate. Major repairs or alterations to the aircraft may render all or some of the operating limitations inapplicable. It is the responsibility of the person or agency authorized by $ 18.11 (b) to approve and return to service aircraft which have been repaired or altered, to determine whether any of the operating limitations have been affected. (b) The FAA has incorporated in the appropriate aircraft specifications the prescribed operating limitations for many of the common major aircraft alterations. In event the repair or alteration is not covered by an applicable FAA specification, the required limitations will be prescribed at the time the repair or alteration is submitted for approval. (See § 18.11 (b) note.) (c) Prior to returning the aircraft to service, it should carry or display current operating limitations as set forth in 8 43.10-1 of this chapter. [Supp. 1, 18 F. R. 7390, Nov. 21, 1953] MAINTENANCE, REPAIR, AND ALTERATION RECORDS § 18.20 Required records and entries. A permanent record of every maintenance (excepting preventive maintenance), repair, rebuilding, or alteration of any airframe, powerplant, propeller, or appliance shall be maintained by the owner (or in the case of an aircraft by the registered owner) in a logbook or other permanent record satisfactory to the Administrator, which shall contain at least the information specified in § 18.21. Entries in such records shall be made or caused to be made by the individual, repair station, air carrier, or manufacturer performing the work. [21 F. R. 4864, June 30, 1956] 8 18.20-1 Flight time in aircraft record (FAA interpretations which apply to § 18.20). A certificated mechanic performing a periodic inspection must make an entry of the inspection in the aircraft record. Such entry, to be complete, must reflect the flight time or tachometer reading at the time of the inspection. [Supp. 1, 18 F. R. 7390, Nov. 21, 1953] 8 18.21 Content of repair and alteration records. The record of all maintenance, repair, rebuilding, and alteration of any airframe, powerplant, propeller, or appliance or the installation or removal of an appliance shall contain the information set forth in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section: (a) An adequate description of the work performed; (b) The date of completion of the work performed; (c) The name of the individual, repair station, manufacturer, or air carrier performing the work; and (d) The signature, and if a certificated mechanic or certificated repairman the certificate number, of the person approving as airworthy the work performed and authorizing the return of the aircraft or component to service. [21 F. R. 4864, June 30, 1956] $ 18.21-1 Scope of repair and alteration records (FAA interpretations which apply to § 18.21 (a)). (a) Section 18.21 (a) requires that the repair and alteration records contain an adequate description of the work performed. In lieu of describing in detail the work performed, reference may be made to data previously approved by the Administrator. In all cases, the entry should identify the type of work performed and the component repaired or altered. An example of such an entry could be: "Spliced rear spar, left wing outboard of strut fitting in accordance with figure 2-3 of CAM 18." (b) The replacement of components, except those described in § 18.1-6 (preventive maintenance), with new, rebuilt or repaired components of similar design is a minor repair. An entry of this replacement should be made in the permanent record referred to in § 18.20. When the component was rebuilt or repaired by a certificated repair station or the manufacturer of the component and installed by another person, the installing agency should include in the description required by § 18.21 (a) a statement identifying the repair station or manu facturer performing the work. An example of such an entry would be as follows: Installed left landing gear assembly which was rebuilt by Aircraft Services, Repair Station No. 0001. A description of the repair is on file at that agency under job number 386 dated June 1, 1953. (c) The information to make an entry such as the above example would be obtained from the maintenance release furnished by the repair station or manufacturer repairing the component. The maintenance release is prepared by the repair station or manufacturer in accordance with the procedure set forth in § 18.22-2. The FAA considers such an entry to relieve the person installing the component of responsibility in connection with airworthiness of the repair but not the installation of the component. [Supp. 1, 18 F. R. 7390, Nov. 21, 1953] § 18.22 Form and disposition of major repair or major alteration records. All major repairs and major alterations to an airframe, powerplant, propeller, or appliance shall be entered on a form acceptable to the Administrator. Such form shall be executed in duplicate and shall be disposed of in such manner as, from time to time, may be prescribed by the Administrator. [21 F. R. 4864, June 30, 1956] § 18.22-1 Procedure for certificated mechanics (FAA rules which apply to § 18.22). (a) Procedure. The form and disposition of major repair and major alteration records for repairs or alterations accomplished by certificated mechanics shall be as follows: (1) Form ACA-337 (Revised April 1952), Major Repair and Alteration Form, shall be used to record all major repairs and major alterations. (2) The Form ACA-337 shall be executed in accordance with the instructions contained in Appendix A. (3) The Form ACA-337 shall be executed in duplicate. After the repair or alteration has been examined, inspected, and approved or rejected, the original of the Form ACA-337 shall be given to the aircraft owner for retention as part of the permanent record referred to in § 18.20. The copy will be retained by the FAA. [Supp. 1, 18 F. R. 7391, Nov. 21, 1953] § 18.22-2 Procedure for certificated repair stations and manufacturers (FAA rules which apply to § 18.22). (a) Procedure. The form and disposition of the major repair and major alteration records for repair and alteration accomplished by certificated repair stations and manufacturers shall be as follows: (1) Major alterations. (i) All major alterations shall be entered on Form ACA-337, Major Repair and Alteration Form. (ii) The Form ACA-337 shall be executed in accordance with the instructions contained in Appendix A. (iii) The form shall be executed in duplicate. The altering agency may prepare extra copies for their record; however, it is not mandatory. The original of the Form ACA-337 shall be given the aircraft owner for retention as part of the permanent record referred to in § 18.20. The copy shall be forwarded to the local FAA office within 48 hours of the time the aircraft, airframe, powerplant, propeller, or appliance is approved for return to service. (2) Major repairs. (i) The Administrator will accept in lieu of Form ACA337 for major repairs made only in accordance with a manual or specification approved by the Administrator, the customer's work order upon which repairs are recorded by the repair station or manufacturer. The original copy of the work order shall be furnished the owner or purchaser and the duplicate copy shall be retained at least two years by the repair station or manufacturer. The owner of the aircraft shall be furnished an official maintenance release for retention as part of the aircraft permanent record required by § 18.20. Where the repair is made on a component or accessory not yet identified with an aircraft, the release shall remain with the component or accessory until it is installed in an aircraft. At that time, the installing agency will make the maintenance release available to the owner for incorporation in the permanent aircraft record required by § 18.20. (ii) The repair station or manufacturer may use a maintenance release of its own design provided the release incorporates the information set forth in subdivision (iii) of this subparagraph and is signed by an authorized representative of the repair station or manufacturer. (iii) Maintenance release: The release shall contain the identity of the aircraft or component. In the case of an aircraft, it will consist of at least the following: make of aircraft, model, serial number, nationality and registration mark, and location of repair. When the repair is to a spare component such as a wing, landing gear, propeller, powerplant, or appliance, the identification will include manufacturer's name, name of component, model and serial number, if any. The following statement shall [Supp. 1, 18 F. R. 7391, Nov. 21, 1953] § 18.23 Form and disposition of periodic and progressive inspection records. A record of periodic and progressive inspections shall be entered on a form prescribed by the Administrator. Such form shall be completed and disposed of in a manner prescribed by the Administrator. [21 F. R. 4864, June 30, 1956] § 18.23-1 Aircraft maintenance records (FAA rules which apply to § 18.23). (a) Periodic inspections. (1) The authorized mechanic, repair station, or aircraft manufacturer conducting a periodic inspection of an aircraft will complete the franked Form ACA-2350 entitled, “Aircraft Use and Inspection Report," in accordance with the instructions contained in appendix A,1 and mail the form to the Aviation Safety District Office as soon as possible but not later than 48 hours following such inspection. 5a The maintenance release may be combined with the "customer's work order" to provide one document so long as it contains the required information. 5b Only those persons specifically authorized by the repair station or manufacturer management shall be permitted to sign the release. 1 Appendix A not filed with the Office of the Federal Register. (2) In the event that a mechanic, repair station, or manufacturer conducting an inspection finds that an aircraft is unairworthy or does not conform with the applicable FAA aircraft specifications, airworthiness directives, or other approved data, the inspecting agency shall provide the aircraft owner or lessee with a signed and dated copy of a list of the discrepancies and forward a similar list with the Form ACA-2350 to the Aviation Safety District Office as soon as possible but not later than 48 hours following such inspection. (1) A (b) Progressive inspections. mechanic, repair station, or manufacturer shall complete and mail the Aircraft Use and Inspection Report form to their local Aviation Safety District Office after the completion of the first complete inspection of an aircraft which is required at the commencement of a progressive inspection, as soon as possible but not later than 48 hours after such inspection. Thereafter, this form shall also be completed by the inspecting agency and submitted to the district office once each year during the month of January. (2) When the progressive inspection system for a particular aircraft has been discontinued, the inspecting agency shall notify the local Aviation Safety District Office thereof by completing an Aircraft Use and Inspection Report form and adding the word "discontinued" (typed or written) over the box preceding "Progressive Inspection" and mailing such form to the district office as soon at possible but not later than 48 hours after the inspection is discontinued. [21 F. R. 3181, May 15, 1956] § 18.24 Provisions for air carrier records. Required records and entries may be replaced, in the case of maintenance, repairs, or alterations to appropriately certificated air carrier aircraft, by a suitable system of recording maintenance, repairs, alterations, and signatures of responsible personnel: Provided, That the information specified in § 18.21 is furnished. (b) The registered owner or operator of air carrier aircraft shall retain records for each such aircraft and its components as follows: (1) Retain all records of major structural repairs and major alterations until the aircraft is sold, in which case the records shall be transferred to the new |