little from the effect of the heavy burthens they have sustained in furnishing carriages and supplies, both before and during the evacuation of the country. This short in*terval I shall employ in a journey to St. Petersburgh, in consequence of the repeated friendly and urgent invitations, both verbally and by letter, of his majesty the emperor of Russia. I shall expedite my journey, and hope, within a few weeks, to revisit my provinces on the other side of the Vistula, to which I owe so many proofs of exemplary fidelity; and I shall in particular hasten my return to Berlin, to testify to my subjects of that city my gratitude for their firmness and good conduct, and to assure them of my attachment and satisfaction. I inform you hereof, and command you to notify the same to my loving and faithful citizens of that city; and I am your loving sovereign,

FREDERICK WILLIAM.

Naval

CAPTURE OF CAYENNE.-Capitulation proposed by Victor Hugues, Officer of the Legion of Honour, Commissioner of his Majesty the Emperor and King, Commander in Chief of Cayenne and French Guyana, and accepted by James Lucas Yeo, Post-Captain in his Britannic Majesty's Service, commanding the Combined Naval English and Portuguese Forces, and Manuel Marques, Knight of the military Orders of St. Benoit d'Avie, Lieut. Col. in Chief, and Director of the Corps of Artillery of Para, commanding the advanced Army of the Portuguese, dated Jan. 12th, 1809. Although the advanced advanced posts have been carried, and that the

commissioner of the emperor and king is reduced with his garrison to the town, he owes it to those sentiments of honour which have always distinguished him, to the valour and good conduct of the officers and soldiers under his command, to the attachment of the inhabitants of the colony for his majesty the emperor and king, to declare publicly, that he surrenders less to the force than to the destructive system of liberating all the slaves who should join the enemy, and of burning all the plantations and ports where there should be any resistance.-The commissioner of the emperor commanding in chief, after having witnessed the burning of several plantations, particularly his own, the most considerable of the colony, had attributed it at first to the casualties of war; and the disorganization of the gangs, and the liberation of the slaves appeared to him a momentary measure; but being assured in writing, that the English and Portuguese officers acted in virtue of the orders of his royal highness the Prince Regent, and wishing to save 'the colony from total destruction, and to preserve his august master's subjects, who had given him so many proofs of their attachment and fidelity, the commissioner of his imperial and royal majesty surrenders the colony to the forces of his royal highness the Prince Regent on the following conditions:Art. 1. The garrison shall march out with their arms and baggage and all the honours of war; the officers shall retain their side arms, and those of the staff their horses; the garrison shall lay down their arms, and engage not to against his royal highness and his allies during one year.-2. Vessels shall be furnished at the expence of (P2)

serve

his

his royal highness the Prince Regent, to carry the garrison, the officers civil and military, and all those employed in the service, with their families and effects, direct to France, with as little delay as possible.-3. A convenient vessel shall be furnished to convey to France the commissioner of the emperor commanding in chief, his family, his officers, his suite, and effects; the chief of the administration of the finances, the commander of the troops, the inspector and the commandant of artillery, with their families. -4. A convenient delay shall be granted to the officers who have property in the colony, to settle their affairs. 5. The arsenals, batteries, and every thing belonging to the artillery, the small arms and powder magazines, and the provision stores, shall be given by inventory, and in the state in which they are now, and the same shall be pointed out.-6. The slaves on both sides shall be disarmed, and sent to their respective plantations.-The French negroes, whom the commanders by sea and land of his royal highness the Prince Regent have engaged for the service during the war, and to whom, in virtue of their orders, they have given their freedom, shall be sent out of the colony, as they can only remain there in future an object of trouble and dissention. The commanders engage, as they have promised, to solicit of his royal highness the Prince Regent the replacing of those slaves, as an indemnity in favour of the inhabitants to whom they belong.-7. The papers, plans, and other articles belonging to the engineer department, shall be equally given up.-8. the sick and wounded who are obliged to remain in the colony may leave it,

with all that belong to them, as soon as they are in a situation to do so; in the mean time they shall be treated as they have been hitherto.-9. Private property, of whatever nature or description, shall be respected, and the inhabitants may dispose of it as heretofore.10. The inhabitants of the colony shall preserve their properties, and may reside there, conforming to the orders and forms established by the sovereign under which they remain; they shall be at liberty to sell their properties, and retire wherever it may suit them, without any obstacle.-11. The civil laws known in France under the title of the Napoleon code, and in force in the colony, shall be observed and executed until the peace between the two nations; the magistrates shall only decide on the interests of individuals, and differences connected with them in virtue of the said laws.-12. The debts acknowledged by individuals during or previous to the time fixed by the preceding article, be exacted agreeably to the basis determined by the same article.— 13. The papers concerning the controul and matriculation of the troops shall be carried away by the quarter master.-14. Desirous of preserving the spice plantation, called La Gabrielle, in all its splendour and agriculture, it is stipulated that neither it, nor any of the plantation trees or plants, shall be destroyed, but that it shall be preserved in the state in which it is given up to the commanders of his royal highness the Prince Regent.15. All the papers of the stores of inspection of the customs, or of any responsibility whatever, shall be deposited in the secretary's office, or in any other place that may be agreed on, to be referred to

when

when there is occasion; the whole shall be under the seal of the two governments, and at the disposal of his imperial and royal majesty.16. The present capitulation shall be written in the three languages, and signed by the three officers stipulating. At the advanced post of Bourg, this 12th day of January, 1809.

VICTOR HUGUES, (Signed) JAMES LUCAS YEO, MANUEL MARQUES.

TREATY BETWEEN

GREAT BRITAIN AND SPAIN. Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Alliance between his Britannic Majesty and his Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII. Signed at London the 14th of Jan. 1809.

In the name of the Most Holy and Undivided Trinity. The events which have taken place in Spain having terminated the state of hostility which unfortunately subsisted between the crowns of Great Britain and Spain, and united the arms of both against the common enemy, -it seems good that the new relations which have been produced between two nations, now connected by common interest, should be regularly established and confirmed by a formal treaty of peace, friendship, and alliance: Wherefore his Majesty the King of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Supreme and Central Junta of Spain and the Indies, acting in the name and on the behalf of his Catholic Majesty, Ferdinand VII. have constituted and appointed; that is to say, his Majesty the King of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the right hon. George Canning, one of his Majesty's most honourable privy coun-, cil, and his principal secretary of

state for foreign affairs; and the Supreme and Central Junta of Government of Spain and the Indies, acting in the name and on behalf of his Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII. Don Juan Ruiz de Apodaca, Commander of Valaga and Algarga in the military order of Calatrava, rear-admiral of the navy, named by the Supreme and Central Junta of Government of Spain and the Indies, as envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of his Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII. to his Britannic Majesty; their plenipotentiaries to conclude and sign a treaty of peace, friendship, and alliance; who, having communicated their respective full powers, have agreed to and concluded the following articles:- Article 1. There shall be between his Majesty the King of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and his Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII. King of Spain and of the Indies thereunto appertaining, and between all their kingdoms, states, dominions, and subjects, a christian, stable, and inviolable peace, and a perpetual and sincere amity, and a strict alliance during the war against France; together with an entire and lasting oblivion of all acts of hostility done on either side, in the course of the late wars, in which they have been engaged against each other.-2. To obviate all complaints and disputes which might arise on the subject of prizes, captured posterior to the declaration. published by his Britannic Majesty on the 4th of July of the last year, it has been mutually agreed, that the vessels and property taken posterior to the date of the said declaration, in any seas or ports of the world, without any exceptions, and without any regard either to time or place, shall be restored by both par

ties. And as the accidental occupation of any of the ports of the Peninsula by the common enemy, might occasion disputes respecting any vessels, which, in ignorance of such occupation, might direct their course to those ports from any other harbour, either of the Peninsula or the colonies; and as cases may occur in which Spanish inhabitants of the said ports or provinces, so occupied by the enemy, may, with their property, endeavour to escape from his grasp; the high contracting parties have agreed that Spanish vessels not aware of the enemy's occupation of any harbour which they are desirous to enter, or such as may succeed in making their escape from any harbour so occupied, shall not be captured, nor themselves nor their cargo be considered as a good prize; but, on the contrary, that they shall meet with every help and assistance from the naval power of his Britannic Majesty.-3. His Britannic Majesty engages to continue to assist, to the utmost of his power, the Spanish nation in their struggle against the tyranny and usurpation of France, and promises not to acknowledge any other king of Spain and of the Indies thereunto appertaining, than his Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII. his heirs, or such lawful successor as the Spanish nation shall acknowledge; and the Spanish government, in the name and on the behalf of his Catholic Majesty Ferdinand VII. engages never, in any case, to cede to France any part of the territories or possessions of the Spanish monarchy, in any part of the world.4. The high contracting parties agree to make common cause against France; and not to make peace with that power except by common consent.-5. The present treaty shall be ratified by both parties, and the

exchange of the ratifications shall be made in the space of two months (or sooner if it can be done,) in London.-In witness whereof, we, the undersigned plenipotentiaries, have signed, in virtue of our respective full powers, the present treaty of peace, friendship, and alliance, and have sealed it with the seals of our arms.

(L. S.) GEORGE Canning.

(L. S.) JUAN RUIZ DE APODACA. Article 1. Separate.-The Spanish Government engages to take the most effectual measures for the preventing of the Spanish squadrons in all the ports of Spain, as well as of the French squadron, taken in the month of June, and now in the harbour of Cadiz, from falling into the power of France. For which purpose his Britannic Majesty engages to co-operate by all means in his power. The present separate Article shall have the same force and validity, as if it were inserted, word for word, in the treaty of peace, friendship, and alliance, signed this day, and shall be ratified at the same time.-In witness whereof, we, the undersigned penipotentaries, have signed, &c. &c.

(L. S.) George Canning.

(L. S.) JUAN RUIZ DE APODACA.

Article II. Separate.-A treaty shall forthwith be negotiated, stipu lating the amount and description of succours to be afforded by his Britannic Majesty, agreeable to the third article of the present treaty. The present separate article shall have the same force and validity, as if it were inserted, word for word, in the treaty of peace, friendship, and alliance, signed this day, and shall be ratified at the same time.— In witness whereof, we, the undersigned plenipotentiaries, have signed, &c. (L. S.) GEORGE CANNING.

(L. S.) JUAN RUIZ DE APODACA. Additional

Additional Article.-The present circumstances not admitting of the regular negotiation of a treaty of commerce between the two countries, with all the care and consideration due to so important a subject, the high contracting parties mutually engage to proceed to such a negotiation as soon as it shall be practicable so to do, affording, in the mean time, mutual facilities to the commerce of the subjects of each other, by temporary regulations founded on principles of reciprocal utility.The present additional articles shall have the same force and validity, &c. &c. (L. S.) GEORGE CANNING. (L. S.) JUAN RUIZ DE APODACA.

My lords, and gentlemen,

We have it in command from his majesty to state to you that his majesty has called you together, in perfect confidence that you are prepared cordially to support his majesty in the prosecution of the war, which there is no hope of terminating safely and honourably, except through vigorous and persevering exertion. We are to acquaint you, that his majesty has directed to be laid before you, copies of the proposals for opening a negotiation, which were transmitted to his majesty from Erfurth; and of the correspondence which thereupon took place with the governments of Russia and of France; together with the declaration issued by his majesty's command on the termination of that correspondence.-His

majesty is persuaded, that you will participate in the feelings which were expressed by his majesty when it was required that his majesty should consent to commence the negotiation by abandoning the cause of Spain, which he had so recently and solemnly espoused. We are commanded to inform you, that his majesty continues to receive from the Spanish government the strongest assurances of their determined perseverance in the cause of the legitimate monarchy, and of the national independence of Spain; and to assure you, that so long as the people of Spain shall remain true to themselves, his majesty will continue to them his most strenuous assistance and support.-His majesty has renewed to the Spanish nation, in the moment of its difficulties and reverses, the engagements which he of its struggle against the usurpavoluntarily contracted at the outset tion and tyranny of France; and we are commanded to acquaint you, that these engagements have been reduced into the form of a treaty of alliance; which treaty, so soon as the ratifications shall have been exchanged, his majesty will cause to be laid before you. His majesty commands us to state to you, that while his majesty contemplated with the liveliest satisfaction the achievements of his forces in the commencement of the campaign in Portugal, and the deliverance of the kingdom of his ally from the presence and oppressions of the French army, his majesty most deeply regretted the termination of that campaign by an armistice and convention, of some of the articles of which his majesty has felt himself obliged formally to declare his disapprobation.-We are to express to you his majesty's reliance on your disposition to enable his majesty to continue

the