before Dryden conformed to the same religion. to be told, that the ten concluding years of his life, This step has been the cause of much obloquy on in which he wrote for bread, and composed at a cerone side, and has found much excuse on the other; tain rate per line, were those of many of the pieces but if it be considered, from a view of his past life, which have most contributed to immortalise his that, in changing his religious profession, he could name. They were those of his translation of Juvehave had little difficulty to encounter, it will appear nal and Persius; of that of Virgil entire, a work no breach of candour to suppose that his immediate which enriches the English language, and has motive was nothing more than personal interest. greatly promoted the author's fame; of his celeThe reward he obtained from his compliance was an brated Alexander's Feast; and of his Fables, conaddition to his pension of 1001. per annum. Some taining some of the richest and most truly poetical time after he was engaged in a work which was the pieces which he ever composed. Of these, several longest single piece he ever composed. This was will appear in the subsequent collection of his works. his elaborate controversial poem of "The Hind Nor ought his prose writings to be neglected, and Panther." When completed, notwithstanding which, chiefly consisting of the critical essays preits unpromising subject, and signal absurdity of fixed to his poems, are performances of extraordiplan, such was the power of Dryden's verse, that it | nary vigour and comprehension of mind, and afford, was read with avidity, and bore every mark of oc- perhaps, the best specimens of genuine English. cupying the public attention. The birth of a prince called forth a congratulatory poem from Dryden, entitled "Britannia Rediviva," in which he ventured to use a poet's privilege of prophesy, foretelling a commencing era of prosperity to the nation and the church from this auspicious event; but in vain! for the revolution took place within a few months, and the hopes of the party were blasted for ever. Dryden was a severe sufferer from the change: his posts and pensions were taken away, and the poetical laurei was conferred upon his insignificant rival, Shadwell. He was now, in advanced life, to depend upon his own exertions for a security from absolute indigence. His faculties were equal to the emergency; and it will surprise some theorists His Dryden died of a spreading inflammation in one of his toes, on the first of May, 1700, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, next to the tomb of Chaucer. No monument marked his grave, till a plain one, with his bust, was erected, at the expence of Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham. He left behind him three sons, all brought up to letters. own character was cold and reserved, backward in personal advances to the great, and rather heavy in conversation. In fact, he was too much engaged in literature to devote much of his time to society. Few writers of his time delighted so much to approach the verge of prophaneness; whence it may be inferred, that though religion was an interesting topic of discussion to him, he had very little of its spirit in his heart. For them alone the Heavens had kindly heat; The Sun but seem'd the labourer of the year; Thus, mighty in her ships, stood Carthage long, What peace can be, where both to one pretend? (But they more diligent, and we more strong) Or if a peace, it soon must have an end; For they would grow too powerful were it long. Behold two nations then, engag'd so far, That each seven years the fit must shake each land: See how he feeds th' Iberian with delays, To render us his timely friendship vain: Such deep designs of empire does he lay O'er them, whose cause he seems to take in hand; And prudently would make them lords at sea, To whom with ease he can give laws by land. This saw our king; and long within his breast His generous mind the fair ideas drew Of fame and honour, which in dangers lay; Where wealth, like fruit on precipices, grew, Not to be gather'd but by birds of prey The loss and gain each fatally were great; And still his subjects call'd aloud for war: But peaceful kings, o'er martial people set, Each other's poize and counterbalance are. He first survey'd the charge with careful eyes, At length resolv'd t' assert the watery ball, And choose for general, were he not their king. It seems as every ship their sovereign knows, To see this fleet upon the ocean move, Angels drew wide the curtains of the skies; And Heaven, as if there wanted lights above, For tapers made two glaring comets rise. Whether they unctuous exhalations are, Fir'd by the Sun, or seeming so alone; Or each some more remote and slippery star, Which loses footing when to mortals shown: Or one, that bright companion of the Sun, New influence from his walks of light did bring. Victorious York did first with fam'd success, To his known valour make the Dutch give place: Thus Heaven our monarch's fortune did confess, Beginning conquest from his royal race. But since it was decreed, auspicious king, In Britain's right that thou shouldst wed the main, Heaven, as a gage, would cast some precious thing, And therefore doom'd that Lawson should be slain. Lawson amongst the foremost met his fate, Whom sea-green Sirens from the rocks lament: Thus as an offering for the Grecian state, He first was kill'd who first to battle went. Their chief blown up in air, not waves, expir'd, To which his pride presum'd to give the law : The Dutch confess'd Heaven present, and retir'd, And all was Britain the wide ocean saw. To nearest ports their shatter'd ships repair, Where by our dreadful cannon they lay aw'd: So reverently men quit the open air, When thunder speaks the angry gods abroad. And now approach'd their fleet from India fraught, Like hunted castors, conscious of their store, [bring: By the rich scent we found our perfum'd prey, Which, flank'd with rocks, did close in covert lie: And round about their murdering cannon lay, At once to threaten and invite the eye. Fiercer than cannon, and than rocks more hard, The English undertake th' unequal war: Seven ships alone, by which the port is barr'd, Besiege the Indies, and all Denmark dare. These fight like husbands, but like lovers those : These fain would keep, and those more fain enjoy: And to such height their frantic passion grows, That what both love, both hazard to destroy. Amidst whole heaps of spices lights a ball, And though by tempests of the prize bereft, Nor wholly lost we so deserv'd a prey; For storms, repenting, part of it restor'd: Which, as a tribute from the Baltic sea, The British ocean sent her mighty lord. Go, mortals, now and vex yourselves in vain For wealth, which so uncertainly must come : When what was brought so far, and with such pain, Was only kept to lose it nearer home. The son, who twice three months on th' ocean tost, This careful husband had been long away, Such are the proud designs of human-kind, Who in the night of Fate must blindly steer! The undistinguish'd seeds of good and ill, Let Munster's prelate ever be accurst, In whom we seek the German faith in vain: Alas, that he should teach the English first, That fraud and avarice in the church could reign! Happy, who never trust a stranger's will, Whose friendship's in his interest understood! Since money given but tempts him to be ill, When power is too remote to make him good. Till now, alone the mighty nations strove; The rest, at gaze, without the lists did stand; And threatening France, plac'd like a painted Jove, Kept idle thunder in his lifted hand. That eunuch guardian of rich Holland's trade, Offended that we fought without his leave, He takes this time his secret hate to show: Which Charles does with a mind so calm receive, As one that neither seeks nor shuns his foe. With France, to aid the Dutch, the Danes unite: France as their tyrant, Denmark as their slave. But when with one three nations join to fight, They silently confess that one more brave. Lewis had chas'd the English from his shore; Were subjects so but only by their choice, And not from birth did forc'd dominion take, Our prince alone would have the public voice; And all his neighbours' realms would deserts make. He without fear a dangerous war pursues, The doubled charge his subjects' love supplies, And in his plenty their abundance find. With equal power he does two chiefs create, Two such as each seem'd worthiest when alone; Each able to sustain a nation's fate, Since both had found a greater in their own. Both great in courage, conduct, and in fame, The prince long time had courted Fortune's love, The duke beheld, like Scipio, with disdain, That Carthage, which he ruin'd, rise once more; And shook aloft the fasces of the main, To fright those slaves with what they felt before. Together to the watery camp they haste, Whom matrons passing to their children show: Infants' first vows for them to Heaven are cast, And future people bless them as they go. With them no riotous pomp, nor Asian train, Diffusive of themselves, where'er they pass, Our fleet divides, and straight the Dutch appear, In number, and a fam'd commander, bold: The narrow seas can scarce their navy bear, Or crowded vessels can their soldiers hold. The duke, less numerous, but in courage more, Both furl their sails, and strip them for the fight; Borne each by other in a distant line, The sea-built forts in dreadful order move: So vast the noise, as if not fleets did join, But lands unfix'd, and floating nations strove. Now pass'd, on either side they nimbly tack; Both strive to intercept and guide the wind: And, in its eye, more closely they come back, To finish all the deaths they left behind. On high-rais'd decks the haughty Belgians ride, And as the built, so different is the fight: Their mounting shot is on our sails design'd; Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light, And through the yielding planks a passage find. Our dreaded admiral from far they threat, Whose batter'd rigging their whole war receives : All bare, like some old oak which tempests beat, He stands, and sees below his scatter'd leaves. Heroes of old, when wounded, shelter sought; At this excess of courage, all amaz'd, The foremost of his foes awhile withdraw: With such respect in enter'd Rome they gaz'd, Who on high chairs the godlike fathers saw. And now, as where Patroclus' body lay, Here Trojan chiefs advanc'd, and there the Greek; Ours o'er the duke their pious wings display, And theirs the noblest spoils of Britain seek. Meantime his busy mariners he hastes, His shatter'd sails with rigging to restore; And willing pines ascend his broken masts, Whose lofty heads rise higher than before. Straight to the Dutch he turns his dreadful prow, More fierce th' important quarrel to decide: Like swans, in long array his vessels show, Whose crests advancing do the waves divide. They charge, recharge, and all along the sea Did a like fate with lost Creusa meet. Meantime the Belgians tack upon our rear, [send: And raking chace-guns through our sterns they Close by, their fire-ships, like jackals, appear, Who on their lions for the prey attend. Silent, in smoke of cannon they come on: Sometimes from fighting squadrons of each fleet, Deceiv'd themselves, or to preserve some friend, Two grappling Etnas on the ocean meet, And English fires with Belgian flames contend. Now at each tack our little fleet grows less; [main: And, like maim'd fowl, swim lagging on the Their greater loss their numbers scarce confess, While they lose cheaper than the English gain. Have you not seen, when, whistled from the fist, The dastard crow, that to the wood made wing, And sees the groves no shelter can afford, With her loud kaws her craven kind does bring, Who safe in numbers cuff the noble bird. Among the Dutch thus Albemarle did fare: Yet pity did his manly spirit move, To see those perish who so well had fought : And generously with his despair he strove, Resolv'd to live till he their safety wrought. Let other Muses write his prosperous fate, Of conquer'd nations tell, and kings restor❜d: But mine shall sing of his eclips'd estate, Which, like the Sun's, more wonders does afford. He drew his mighty frigates all before, On which the foe his fruitless force employs: His fiery cannon did their passage guide, Elsewhere the Belgian force we did defeat, But here our courages did theirs subdue : So Xenophon once led that fam'd retreat, Which first the Asian empire overthrew. The foe approach'd; and one for his bold sin Was sunk; as he that touch'd the ark was slain; The wild waves master'd him and suck'd him in, And smiling eddies dimpled on the main. This seen, the rest at awful distance stood : As if they had been there as servants set To stay, or to go on, as he thought good, And not pursue but wait on his retreat So Libyan huntsmen, on some sandy plain, From shady coverts rous'd, the lion chase: The kingly beast roars out with loud disdain, And slowly moves, unknowing to give place. But if some one approach to dare his force, And with the other tears him to the ground. Amidst these toils succeeds the balmy night; Lie lull'd and panting on the silent shore. The Moon shone clear on the becalmed flood, "That happy Sun," said he, "will rise again, "Yet, like an English general will I die, Restless he pass'd the remnant of the night, Till the fresh air proclaim'd the morning nigh : But now, his stores of ammunition spent, Thus far had Fortune power, he forc'd to stay, For now brave Rupert from afar appears, The anxious prince had heard the cannon long, Then, as an eagle, who with pious care Was beating widely on the wing for prey, To her now silent eiry does repair, And finds her callow infants forc'd away : Stung with her love, she stoops upon the plain, With such kind passion hastes the prince to fight, |