nifesto, in which she accuses the Porte of not having executed the conditions of the treaties of Bucharest and Akermann-of having punished and ruined the Servians, after having promised them'pardon and amnesty-of having demanded fortresses in Asia, which were essentially necessary to Russia-of having, without regard to the two provinces of Wallachia and Moldavia, punished with death the most distinguished men of Greece-with having, while publicly declaring that Russia is a natural enemy of the Mussulman nation, endeavoured to provoke to vengeance, and direct against her, the bravery of all the Mussulman people-of having signed the treaty of Akermann with mental reservation, seized the cargoes of Russian ships, and instigated the Court of Persia to make war upon Russia; and, finally, it is made the subject of complaint, that the Pachas of the Porte were making warlike preparations. It is these and other charges of the same nature, that Russia has brought forward a series of vain inculpations, destitute of all real foundation. It will be proper to make each the subject of a reply, founded on equity and justice, as well as on the real state of the facts. Though Russia has published that these are the principal motives for the declaration of war, it is,however, generally known, that the war which terminated with the treaty of Bucharest was commenced by herself. In fact, before that war she had, on just and equitable grounds, dismissed the Waivodes of Walla. chia and Moldavia, and Russia then pretended that the dismissals were contrary to treaties; and though the Sublime Port represented in an amicable manner things under the real aspect, Russia refused to listen to the reasons advanced; and as she continued to insist in her pretension, the Sublime Porte, with the sole view of preserving peace, and in maintaining the relations of friendship, did not hesitate to restore the dismissed Waivodes, without paying attention to the consequences of such a condescension, but with Russia declared herself fully satisfied, and under the ministry of Gahib Pacha, then Reis Effendi, officially notified, through the first interpreter, Counsellor Fonton, that the differences and difficulties existing on that account, between the two courts, was completely removed, she immediately and unexpectedly made an at tack on the side of Chotieu and Bender. According to the regular course, the Sublime Porte demanded explanations from the Russian Ambassador, who tried to deceive, and formally disavowed what had taken place, adding that Russia was in a state of peace and friendship with the Sublime Porte; that if war had been intended, the ambassador must necessarily have known it; and that it could only be supposed that the Russian troops had some motive for advancing. When the fact was finally proved, the Sublime Porte was under the necessity of resisting: but having a natural repugnance to war and the shedding of blood, she imposed on herself a sacrifice, and signed the treaty of Bucharest. Russia did not respect the treaty. Among other infractions, instead of evacuating the Asiatic frontier, according to the basis and the tenor of the treaty, she unjustly annulled that article, and regarded with indifference all the well founded remonstrances of the Sublime Porte. Finally, the Russian plenipotentiaries at Ackermann, having altered and misinterpreted the pure sense of the treaty, and being no longer able to answer the convincing arguments of the Turkish plenipotentiaries, declared that a long space of time having elapsed since the article in question had been executed, the fortress claimed could not be given up. To such language the Turkish plenipotentiaries might well have replied, that if the nonexecution in due time and place, of articles officially stipulated, warranted a total renunciation, the other articles, the more or less prompt fulfilment of which was demanded of the Sublime Porte, might also remain in statu quo. their instructions did not authorize them to hold a language so foreign to the treaties, and so contrary to the law of nations. And their mission restricting them to the consolidation of the bonds of peace, they acceded. Nevertheless, the Russian declaration represents this demand of evacuation as having had no foundation in fact; and by pretending that we had already renounced it, evidently deviates from the path of truth. But It was agreed that the Russian tariff should be renewed every two years, and the other friendly powers have renewed their tariffs according to agreement. The tariff of Rus. sia, however, has undergone no changes for 27 years. Since the expiration of the term, the renewal has oft times been proposed to the Russian Envoys and Charge d'Af. faires at Constantinople, but the application was always made in vain; Russia refused to do justice to the well-founded demands of the Sublime Porte. The conduct of Russia, as well in words as in actions, in these two affairs of the evacuation and the tariff, showing so strikingly to what degree she respects treaties and principles of equity, how can she attribute to the Sublime Porte their violation? and how can such an imputation ever be admitted? The Imperial amnesty promised to the Servians for the part they took in the war with Russia was fully granted after the peace; and as a consequence of the national clemency of his Serene Highness, particular concessions assured to them their welfare and their repose. The same nation afterwards disregarded the authority of the Sublime Porte, and dared to revolt separately and by itself. As the Servians are the subjects of the Sublime Porte, and as the Ottoman government is entitled to treat them according to their character, either by punishing or pardoning, the merited chastisement was inflicted, and happiness was restored to the country, without the sligtest injury to Russia, or infringement of the treaty of Bucharest. This affair of Servia, as well as other like points distinct from treaties, and even some events of smaller importance, which ought to be classed under natural accidents, always served as motives of complaints on the part of Russia, and also never renounced her embarrassing proceedings.However, the Sublime Porte continued to regard her as a public friend, to pay attention to all affairs which could have possibly any analogy with the treaties concluded between the two states, and to observe scrupulously the rules of good understanding. Some time before the Greek insurrection, the Russian Envoy, Baron Strogonoff, pretending that the Sublime Porte had not executed certain stipulations, insisted in a demand for conferences relative to the treaty of Bucharest. Positive answers and conclusive coversations made known to him at different times, that as the articles had already been executed, or were being effectively and entirely carrying into execution by the Sublime Porte, while, on the contrary, Russia had yet to prove her amicable fidelity by fulfilling stipulations, the accomplishment of which had been deferred on her part, there was of course no occasion for the required conferences. However, as he persisted in exceeding the orders of his court, the opening of the conferences was at last conceded, but on the express condition of not introducing such objects as might extend the meaning of treaties, or change the tenor of conventions. In the course of the conferences the Russian Minister did not fail to raise more than one unreasonable discussion. However, the articles of the above-mentioned treaty were in the course of being examined, one by one, when the Greek insurrection broke out, and it is notorious that the obstacles occasioned by that event were calculated to retard the labour in question. The fugitive Ypsilante then is sued from Russia to invade publicly and unexpectedly Moldavia, at the head of a troop of rebels. He spread trouble and disorder through the two principalities. Animated by the chimerical desire of establishing a pretended government for Greece, he excited to revolt the whole of the Greek people, who are tributary subjects of the Ottoman empire from father to son, misled them by his accursed proclamations circulated every where, and instigated them to disown the authority of the Sub. lime Porte, Every power being authorized to arrest and punish malefactors within its own territories, and to manage all internal affairs tending to the maintenance of good order, as soon as the flame of rebellion was lit up on every side, the Sublime Porte resorted to suitable measures, sent troops against the rebels to restore tranquillity, crush rebellion and purge the country, and laboured to restore the privileges of the provinces, being far from wishing to annihilate them by the destruction of the malefactors. It is evident, that no person whatever had any right to object to those and other measures which the Sublime Porte was obliged to adopt, and which in such a conjuncture could not be delayed. Nevertheless, the Russian Envoy invented divers objections, and originated several unrea. sonable differences, by discourses and proceedings little becoming the agent of a powerful friend, in the midst of affairs so important which occupied the attention of the Sublime Porte. Some time after, Ypsilante, being routed, returned to Russia, and the Hospodar of Moldavia, Michael Sutzo, having also taken refuge there with all his partizans, the Sublime Porte demanded, in the terms of treaties, that these persons should be delivered up, or punished where they were. Though between allied powers, there can be no greater humanity than fidelity to treaties, Russia merely gave a vague answer, inconsistent with all diplomatic rules, saying that humanity opposed their delivery. She thus violated and annihilated existing treaties and rights, to protect, and perhaps pay particular attention to these individuals. The remains of the rebels were still in the two principalities, and the refugees were protected by Russia. The flame of the insurrection was increasing daily, when Russia demanded the evacuation of the two principalities by the Ottoman troops, the nomination of the Hospodars, and the modifica. tion of indispensable measures, in which circumstances permitted no change to be made. At the period when the principal persons among the Greeks, and the insane leaders of the insurrection, received the chastisement due to their proved crimes, very improper pretensions were put forward in their favour by Russia. Not the slightest wish was shown to yield an equitable ear to the just answers and amicable declarations which the Sublime Porte opposed to these pretensions, both verbally and by writing. Finally, the Russian envoy left Constantinople in a manner contrary to the duties of an ambassador. The Grand Vizer immediately wrote to the Russian prime minister, and explained the whole truth to him. He represented in detail, that the system adopted and adhered to at all times by the Sublime Porte, consisted in the pure intention of literally executing the treaties concluded with friendly powers, more particularly with Russia, her friend and neighbour, and in constantly at tending to the means of maintaining good understanding and securing tranquillity. Contrary to our hope, the answer which we received was remote from the path of justice and truth. As soon as the two principalities were purged of the rebels which had defiled them, the Hospodars were appointed, the ancient privileges completely restored, and these two provinces re-established on their former footing. Lord Strangford, the English ambassador, on his return from the congress of Verona, having in the course of his conversations on the existing circumstances, first observed the moderate conduct of the Porte to be free from all ob. jection, declared officially and publicly, at different times, and in full conference, that if the Sublime Porte would also consent to reduce the number of the beshline-ferat who were under the command of Bash Beshli Aga of the principalities, there would then remain no object of dispute or difference between the Sublime Porte and Russia, and the good harmony of the two courts would rest on solid basis. Putting faith in this notification, and wishing to remove every cause of dis. cord; the Sublime Porte acquiesced in this proposition also; the number of the beshline-ferat was reduced. M. Minziacki, then the Russian chargé d'affairs, expressed the great satisfaction of his court at this reduction. Shortly after the question of the rank of the Bash Beshli Aga began to be discussed. Russia intimated officially that she wished them to be changed, and superseded by individuals without rank. This favour was also granted, solely to please Russia. Immediately after M. Minziacki presented an official note in the name of his court, demanding that plenipotentiaries should be sent to the frontiers, to explain the treaty of Bucharest. The plenipotentiaries whom the Sublime Porte sent to the frontier, with the view of terminating the conferences, began for the same object with Baron Strogonoff, and in the hope that this time at least, all discussion being terminated be. tween the two empires, the desired mark of regard towards the Sublime Porte; this declaration, therefore, appeared to be a pledge of peace and friendship between the two empires for the present and the future, the closing of the conferences was implicitly based on the said declaration, and the treaty was really concluded without much attention to each particular article. peace would be obtained. Having to meddle with it was a sincere been afterwards artfully drawn by Russia, as far as Ackermann, they began by laying down the princi. ples of not departing from the circle of treaties, and not altering or changing the sense of the stipulations, in the same manner as had been previously agreed upon with the same envoy. The two parties agreed to this basis, and the conferences were opened. After some meetings, the Russian pleni. potentiaries presented, contrary to the agreement, a detached docu. ment, under the title of "Ultimatum," demanding that the same should be accepted and approved, such as it was. In vain the Turkish negotiators endeavoured to ob. tain the abandonment of this proposition, by representing how contrary it was to diplomatic forms, and to the basis of the conferences. "Our mission," replied the Russians, "has for its sole object to procure the acceptance of this document." And here the conferences closed. Finally, as the Russian plenipo. tentiaries had, in the course of the conference, admitted the Greek question to be an internal affair be. longing to the Sublime Porte, and as they had officially declared in the name of their court, that Rus. sia would not mix herself in any way therewith, and that they would completely tranquillise the Sublime Porte on this point, seeing that this declaration was entered in the protocols kept according to custom by both parties, seeing moreover, that according to the reasons, legislative, political, and national, which prevent the Sublime Porte from admitting any foreign interferences on the Greek question, the promise of Russia not M. de Ribeaupierre, envoy from Russia, on arriving at Constantinople, received all the accustomed honour--all the marks of respect due to his person. The greater part of the articles of the above treaty had already been carried into execution, and the means of equally executing the others were under consideration, when the Greek affair, the discussions concerning which had continued so long, and resounded in all ears, came again into question; an affair on which the Sublime Porte had already a thousand times given categorical and official replies; an affair, moreover, in which Russia had formally promised not to interfere. A treaty then appeared, unjustly concluded against the Sublime Porte, and without its knowledge. Notwithstanding the presence of M. de Ribeaupierre, who when at Ackermann, as second plenipotentiary of his court, was one of those who officially announced that Russia would not interfere with the Greek question-notwith. standing the existence of the protocols, the declaration was openly denied. This new proposition, so violent that it was impossible for the Sublime Porte to accept it, either consistently with law or policy, was put forward, and a hearty refusal given to the request to lend a favourable ear to the |