of two hours from the river, and that no establishment of any kind shall be formed there, any more than on the islands which shall remain in possession of the court of Russia, where, with the exception of the quarantines which may be established there, it shall not be allowed to make any other es. tablishment or fortification. The merchant-vessels of the powers shall have the liberty of naviga. ting the Danube in all its course; and those which bear the Ottoman flag shall have free entrance into the mouth of Keli and Souline, that of Saint George remaining common to the ships of war and merchant vessels of the two contracting powers. But the Russian ships of war, when ascending the Danube, shall not go beyond the point of its junction with the Pruth.

ARTICLE IV. Georgia, Imeritia, Mingrelia, and several other provinces of the Caucasus, having been for many years and in perpetuity united to the empire of Russia, and that empire having besides, by the treaty concluded with Persia, at Tourkmant chai, on the 10th of February, 1828, acquired the Khanats of Erivan and of Naktchivan, the two high contracting powers have recognised the necessity of establishing between their respective states, on the whole of that line, a well determined frontier, capable of preventing all future discussion. They have equally taken into censideration the proper means to oppose insurmountable obstacles to the incur. sions and depredations which the neighbouring tribes hitherto committed, and which have so often compromised the relations of friendship and good feeling between the two empires; consequently, it has

been agreed upon, to consider, herceforward, as the frontiers between the territories of the imperial court of Russia, and those of the Sublime Ottoman Porte in Asia, the line which, following the present limit of the Gouriel from the Black Sea, ascends as far as the border of Imeritia, and from thence, in the straighest direction, as far as the point where the frontiers of the Pochaliks of Akhaltzik and of Kars meet those of Georgia, leaving in this manner to the north of, and within that line, the town of Akhaltzik and the fort of Khallnalick, at a distance of not less than two hours.

All the countries situate to the south and west of this line of demarkation towards the Pachaliks of Kars and Trebisond, together with the major part of the Pachalik of Akhaltzik, shall remain in perpetuity under the domination of the Sublime Porte, whilst those which are situated to the north and east of the said line towards Georgia, Imeritia, and the Gouriel, as well as all the littoral of the Black Sea, from the mouth of the Kouben, as far as the port of St. Nicholas inclusively, under the domination of the emperor of Russia. In consequence, the imperial court of Russia gives up and restores to the Sublime Porte the remainder of the Pachalik of Akhaltzik, the town and the Pachalik of Kars, the town and Pachalik of Bayazid, the town and Pachalik of Erzeroum, as well as all the places occupied by the Russian troops, and which may be out of the above mentioned line.

ARTICLE V. The principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia having, by a capitulation, placed them. selves under the suzerainete of the

Sublime Porte, and Russia having guarantied their prosperity, it is understood that they shall preserve all the privileges and immunities granted to them in virtue of their capitulation, whether by the treaties concluded between the imperial courts, or by the Hatti Sheriffs issued at different times. In consequence, they shall enjoy the free exercise of their religion, perfect security, a national and independent administration, and the full liberty of trade. The additional clauses to antecedent stipulations, considered necessary to secure to these two provinces the enjoyment of their rights, shall be inscribed in the next separate act, which is and shall be considered as forming an integral part of the present treaty.

ARTICLE VI. The circumstances which have occurred since the conclusion of the convention of Akermann not having permitted the Sublime Porte to undertake immediately the execution of the clauses of the separate act relative to Se via, and annexed to the 5th article of the said convention, the Sublime Porte engages in the most solemn manner to fulfil them without the least delay, and with the most scrupulous exactness; and to proceed in particular, to the immediate restitution of the six districts detached from Servia, so as to in. sure forever the tranquillity and the welfare of that faithful and obe. dient nation. The firman, confirmed by the Hatti Sheriff, which shall order the execution of the aforesaid clauses, shall be delivered and communicated to the imperial court of Russia, within the period of a month within the date of the signature of the treaty of peace.

ARTICLE VII. Russian sub

jects shall enjoy, throughout the whole extent of the Ottoman empire, as well by land as by sea, the full and entire liberty of commerce secured to them by the former treaties concluded between the two high contracting powers. No infringement of that liberty of commerce shall be committed, neither shall it be permitted to be checked, in any case or under any pretence, by a prohibition or any restriction whatever, nor in consequence of any regulation or measure, whether it be one of internal administration or of internal legislation. Russian subjects, vessels and merchandise, shall be secure against all violence and all chicanery. The former shall live under the exclusive jurisdiction and police of the ministers and consuls of Russia. The Russian vessels shall not be subjected to any visit on board whatever, on the part of the Ottoman authorities, neither out at sea, nor in any of the ports or roadsteads belonging to the dominions of the Sublime Porte. And all merchandize and commodities belonging to a Russian subject, after having paid the custom-house duties required by the tariffs, shall be freely conveyed, deposited on land, in the warehouses of the proprietor or of his consignee, or else transferred to the vessels of any other nation whatever, without the Russian subjects being required to give notice to the local authorities, and still less to ask their permission. It is expressly agreed upon, that all grain proceeding from Russia shall enjoy the same privileges, and that its free transit shall never expe. rience, under any pretence, any difficulty or impediment. The Sublime Porte engages besides, to watch carefully that the commerce

and navigation of the Black Sea shall not experience the slightest obstruction of any nature whatever. For this purpose, the Sublime Porte recognises and declares that the passage of the canal of Constantinople, and the strait of the Dardanelles, entirely free and open to Russian ships under merchant flags, laden or in ballast, whether they come from the Black Sea to go into the Mediterranean, or whether, returning from the Mediterranean, they wish to re-enter the Black Sea. These vessels, provided they be merchantmen, of whatever size or tonnage they may be, shall not be exposed to any im. pediment or vexation whatever, as it has been stipulated above. The two courts shall come to an under. standing with respect to the best means for preventing all delay in the delivery of the necessary clear. ances. In virtue of the same principle, the passage of the canal of Constantinople and of the strait of the Dardanelles is declared free and open for all the merchant vessels of the powers at peace with the Sublime Porte, whether bound to the Russian ports of the Black Sea, or returning from them whether laden or in ballast-upon the same conditions as those stipulated for the vessels under the Rus

sian flag. In fine, the Sublime Porte, acknowledging the right of the Imperial Court of Russia to obtain guaranty of this full liberty of commerce and navigation in the Black Sea, solemnly declares that she will never, under any pretence whatever, throw the least obstacle in its way. She promises, above all, never to permit herself in future to stop or detain vessels, laden or in ballast, whether Russian or be

longing to nations with which the Ot. toman empire shall not be in a state of declared war, passing through the strait of Constantinople and the strait of the Dardanelles, to repair from the Black Sea into the Mediterranean, or from the Mediterranean to the Russian ports of the Black Sea. And if, which God forbid any of the stipulations contained in the present article should be infringed, and the reclamation of the Russian minister on that subject should not obtain a full and prompt satisfaction, the Sublime Porte recognises, beforehand, the right in the Imperial Court of Russia to consider such an infraction an act of hostility, and immediately to retaliate on the Ottoman empire.

ARTICLE VIII. The arrange ments formerly stipulated by the 6th Article of the Convention of Akerman, for the purpose of regu lating and liquidating the claims of the respective subjects and merchants of both empires, relating to the indemnity for the losses expe. rienced, at different periods, since the war of 1806, not having been yet carried into effect, and Russian commerce having, since the con. clusion of the aforesaid convention, suffered new and considerable injury in consequence of the measures adopted respecting the navigation of the Bosphorus, it is agreed and determined that the Sublime Porte, as a reparation for that injury and those losses, shall pay to the Imperial Court of Russia, in the course of eighteen months, at periods which shall be settled hereafter, the sum of one million five hundred thousand ducats of Holland; so that the payment of this sum shall put an end to all claim or reciprocal pretensions on the part

of the two contracting Powers, on the subject of the aforesaid circum

stances.

ARTICLE IX. The prolongation of the war, to which the present treaty of peace happily puts an end, having occasioned, to the Imperial Court of Russia, considerable expenses, the Sublime Porte recog nises the necessity of offering it an adequate indemnity. For this pur. pose, independently of the cession of a small portion of territory in Asia, stipulated by the fourth article, which the court of Russia consents to receive on account of the said indemnity, the Sublime Porte engages to pay to the said court, a sum of money, the amount of which shall be regulated by mutual accord.

ARTICLE X. The Sublime Porte, whilst declaring its entire adhesion to the stipulations of the treaty concluded in London on the 24th of June, (the 6th of July) 1827, between Russia, Great Britain, and France, accedes, equally, to the act drawn up on the 10th of March, (22d) 1829, by mutual consent, between these same powers, on the basis of the said treaty, and containing the arrangement of detail, relative to its definitive execution. Immediately after the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty of peace, the Sublime Porte shall appoint plenipotentiaries to settle with those of the Imperial Court of Russia, and of the courts of Eng. land and France, the execution of the said stipulation, and arrange.

ments.

ARTICLE XI. Immediately after the signature of the present treaty of peace between the two empires, and the exchange of the ratification of the two sovereigns, the Sublime

Porte shall take the necessary mea. sures for the prompt and scrupulous execution of the stipulations which it contains, and particularly of the third and fourth articles, relative to the limits which are to separate the two empires, as well in Europe as in Asia; and of the fifth and sixth articles, respecting the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia, as well as Servia; and from the moment when these stipulations can be considered as having been fulfilled, the Imperial Court of Russia will proceed to the evacuation of the territory of the Ottoman empire, conformable to the basis established by a separate act, which forms an integral part of the present treaty of peace. Until the complete evacuation of the territories occupied by the Russian troops, the administration and the order of things there established at the present time, under the influence of the Imperial Court of Russia, shall be maintained, and the Sublime Ot. toman Porte shall not interfere with them in any manner.

ARTICLE XII. Immediately af. ter the signature of the present treaty of peace, orders shall be given to the commanders of the respective troops, as well by land as by sea, to cease hostilities. Those committed after the signature of the present treaty shall be considered as not having taken place, and shall occasion no change in the stipulations which it contains. In the same manner any thing which in that interval shall have been conquered by the troops of either one or the other of the high contracting powers, shall be restored without the least delay.

ARTICLE XIII. The high contracting powers, while re-establish

ing between themselves the relations of sincere amity, grant gene. ral pardon, and a full and entire amnesty, to all those of their subjects, of whatever condition they may be, who, during the course of the war happily terminated this day, shall have taken part in mili. tary operations, or manifested, either by their conduct or their opinions, their attachment to one or the other of the two contracting powers. In consequence, not one of these individuals shall be molested or prosecuted, either in his person or goods, on account of his past conduct; and every one of them, recovering the property which he possessed before, shall enjoy it peaceably under the protection of the laws, or shall be at liberty to transport himself, with his family, his goods, his furniture, &c., into any country which he may please to choose, without experiencing any vexations or impediments whatever.

There shall be granted besides to the respective subjects of the two powers established in the territories restored to the Sublime Porte, or ceded to the imperial court of Russia, the same term of 18 months, to commence from the exchange of the ratification of the present treaty of peace, to dispose, if they think proper, of their property acquired either before or since the war, and to retire, with their capital, their goods, furniture, &c., from the states of one of the contracting powers into those of the other, and reciprocally.

ARTICLE XIV. All prisoners of war, of whatever nation, condition, or sex they may be, which are in the two empires, must immediately, after the exchange of the ratifica

tions of the present treaty of peace, be set free, and restored without the least ransom or payment; with the exception of the Christians who, of their own free will, have embraced the Mahomedan religion in the states of the Sublime Porte, or the Mahomedans who, also of their own free will, have embraced the Christian religion in the territories of the Russian empire.

The same conduct shall be adopted towards the Russian subjects,who, after the signature of the present treaty of peace, may in any manner whatever have fallen into captivity, and be found in the states of the Sublime Porte.

The imperial court of Russia promises, on its part, to act in the same way towards the subjects of the Sublime Porte. No repayment shall be required for the sums which have been applied by the two high contracting parties to the support of prisoners. Each of them shall provide the prisoners with all that may be necessary for their journey as far as the frontiers; where they shall be exchanged by commissioners appointed on both sides.

ARTICLE XV. All the treaties, conventions, and stipulations, settled and concluded at different periods between the imperial court of Russia and the Ottoman Porte, with the exception of those which have been annulled by the present treaty of peace, are confirmed in all their force and effect, and the two high contracting parties engage to observe them religiously and inviolably.

ARTICLE XVI. The present treaty of peace shall be ratified by the two high contracting courts, and the exchange of the ratifications between the respective plenipoten