Liberty and Freedom: A Visual History of America's Founding IdeasOxford University Press, 15 նոյ, 2004 թ. - 864 էջ Liberty and freedom: Americans agree that these values are fundamental to our nation, but what do they mean? How have their meanings changed through time? In this new volume of cultural history, David Hackett Fischer shows how these varying ideas form an intertwined strand that runs through the core of American life. Fischer examines liberty and freedom not as philosophical or political abstractions, but as folkways and popular beliefs deeply embedded in American culture. Tocqueville called them "habits of the heart." From the earliest colonies, Americans have shared ideals of liberty and freedom, but with very different meanings. Like DNA these ideas have transformed and recombined in each generation. The book arose from Fischer's discovery that the words themselves had differing origins: the Latinate "liberty" implied separation and independence. The root meaning of "freedom" (akin to "friend") connoted attachment: the rights of belonging in a community of freepeople. The tension between the two senses has been a source of conflict and creativity throughout American history. Liberty & Freedom studies the folk history of those ideas through more than 400 visions, images, and symbols. It begins with the American Revolution, and explores the meaning of New England's Liberty Tree, Pennsylvania's Liberty Bells, Carolina's Liberty Crescent, and "Don't Tread on Me" rattlesnakes. In the new republic, the search for a common American symbol gave new meaning to Yankee Doodle, Uncle Sam, Miss Liberty, and many other icons. In the Civil War, Americans divided over liberty and freedom. Afterward, new universal visions were invented by people who had formerly been excluded from a free society--African Americans, American Indians, and immigrants. The twentieth century saw liberty and freedom tested by enemies and contested at home, yet it brought the greatest outpouring of new visions, from Franklin Roosevelt's Four Freedoms to Martin Luther King's "dream" to Janis Joplin's "nothin' left to lose." Illustrated in full color with a rich variety of images, Liberty and Freedom is, literally, an eye-opening work of history--stimulating, large-spirited, and ultimately, inspiring. |
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CONCLUSION | |
ABBREVIATIONS | |
INTRODUCTION | |
A PLAN OF THE SERIES | |
A Conversation with Captain Preston | |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | |
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Abraham Lincoln African Americans American flag American history American liberty American Revolution antislavery appeared army artist banner battle became began Bill of Rights blue Boston British called cause celebrated century civil liberties colonies colors Constitution crescent Declaration of Independence Democratic eagle early emancipation emblem Emerson England engraving Franklin Roosevelt free society freedom and liberty George German Historical Society iconic iconography idea of liberty images of liberty Indian inspired Jefferson John Jonathan leaders liberation liberty and freedom Liberty Bell Liberty Pole Liberty Tree Margaret Fuller Massachusetts Miss Liberty motto movement northern painting Party Philadelphia photograph pileus political president Quaker rattlesnake regiment Republican slavery slaves song South Carolina southern spirit Stars and Stripes Statue of Liberty symbol of liberty Thomas thought town Uncle Uncle Sam Union United Virginia vision of freedom vision of liberty Washington Whig William Wilson wrote Yankee Doodle York