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and soil Minerals - Salt springs-Water communications -
Crops Domestic commerce Railroads
ing-Churches - Taxable property, etc..
CHAPTER XI.
MICHIGAN.
Institutions of learn
165
French agriculture - Population - Geography Geology -The lower
peninsula - White-oak openings Burr-oak openings - "Cat-
holes"-Pine woods of the north-Windfalls Soil and fruits of
the lower peninsula -Pasturage Settlements of Michigan - Com-
mercial advantages - Detroit and other ports Site for a great
central city-The rivers― The lakes around Michigan-Improved
lands - Annual products - Schools, churches, and other institu-
tions Attractions to the settler-Exemption laws.
CHAPTER XII.
INDIANA.
173
Yankee emigrants-Emigration checked by the war of 1812 -
Admission as a state-Rapid settlement of the state Where the
settlers came from-Soil of the state-The Ohio and Whitewater
valleys The White River Valley - The Wabash Valley
navigation Canals Railroads Agricultural products
table institutions, churches, colleges, and schools.
CHAPTER XIII.
ILLINOIS.
River
Chari-
191
- Great
Extinguishment of the Indian titles Admission as a state
earthquake of 1811 Effect on the Mississippi - Effect on the In-
dians First steamboat on the Mississippi -Keel-boat naviga-
tion Keel-boatmen Nature of the population - Length and
breadth of the state- Number of counties Lands improved and
unimproved Number of farms Value of farming implements
Annual products The soil- The "American Bottom ”— - Prairie
lands Grand Prairie — Coal regions-Yankee fences in Illinois
Mode of forming settlements on the prairie-Plowing the prai-
rie- The timber region - Minerals Lead region Chicago
Rivers, canals, and railroads -Varieties of climate-The winter of
1855-56 Seasons of the greatest cold— Schools, colleges, and
libraries Exemption laws.
CHAPTER XIV.
WISCONSIN.
Organized as a territory - First settlements
Rapid emigration
199
Source of emigration - Admission as a state Number of coun-
ties, dwellings, and families-Nature of the population State
laws, with regard to voters Courts Interesting provisions of
the constitution
state
Length, breadth, and general surface of the
Southern Wisconsin Superior natural advantages- Prai-
ries Oak openings - Abundant pasturages - Inducements to set-
tlers Southern Wisconsin compared with other states
stone
- Increase
of agricultural wealth Lead mines Iron region - Lime-
-White marble - Northern Wisconsin - Extensive pine
Water-power- The Wisconsin pine
sawed Climate of Wisconsin - Health
regions
Annual amount
Opinion of physi-
cians Commerce Harbors Milwaukie brick Railroads
Educational institutions and laws - Exemption laws,
CHAPTER XV.
The Black Hawk Purchase
IOWA.
First settlements
217
- Second Indian pur-
chase Reports of the surveyors Erected into a territory
Garden of the West Constitution formed - Provisions of the
constitution Refuses the terms of admission as a state- A new
constitution - Admission as a state-Length and breadth of the
state Population Number of dwellings and families - Number
of counties Amount of unimproved lands - Excess of male pop-
ulation Source of emigration Most populous counties Land
speculations - Advantageous geographical position General ap-
pearance of the state Agricultural condition and resources
Coal-fields Limestone Cedar Valley Soil - Minerals -Com-
merce Shipping ports - Capital of Iowa Iowa City - Rail-
roads - Advantage to settlers Public institutions,
CHAPTER XVI.
MINESOTA TERRITORY.
235
Explorations of the Upper Mississippi Location of the territory
"The New England of the West" Territorial boundary -Laws-
Counties Population Nature of the population Crops -Gen-
eral surface of the territory-Geology Above Crowing River
Chalk formation James River Buffalo pasture-ground — Big
Sioux River Red pipestone quarry- St. Peter's River Bottom-
lands Blue Earth River St. Peter's Valley-The paradise of
farmers Lake Pepin Terror of the lumbermen of the north
Timber Wild rice Soil and its products The Red River of
the North Springs and lakes Minesota the Artesian fountain
of the continent Underground hydraulic power Boiling
springs Magnificent forest-Destiny of Minesota Indian sum-
mers - Manner of perfecting a squatter's title St. Paul-Table
of distances from Galena to St. Paul Rates of fare,
CHAPTER XVII.
THE SUPERIOR COUNTRY.
25.3
Lake Superior - American coast Anchorage - Harbors — Dan-
ger of navigating the lake-Curious phenomena of the lake -
Table
Transparency of its waters The mirage of Lake Superior
Islands Isle Royal- Lakes in Isle Royal Perennial ice
Effect of the extreme cold on the growth of the trees Rock Har-
bor-Streams emptying into Lake Superior Appearance of the
shore Iron-works of Carp River - Porcupine Mountains
of distances The La Grande Sables - Pictured Rocks Onton-
agon River - Montreal River Sturgeon River The Iron re
gion - The different beds, etc.- Geologists' opinion of the iron
region — Location of good agricultural lands - Advantages of a
railroad through the iron regions - The copper region of the Supe-
rior country Lake Superior reverenced by the Indians The first
Englishman who visited the copper region - Extract from his jour-
nal — First mining company-Mining companies of Keweenaw
Trap rock-Silver among the copper-Cliff mine - Copper Falls
mine, rich in silver- Largest mass of copper Table of the pro-
ducts of foreign mines Eagle Harbor-Game and speckled
trout Fisheries of Lake Superior - Climate, etc.
CHAPTER XVIII.
KANSAS AND NEBRASKA.
.273
Boundary of Kansas Best lands open for settlement for settlement - Valleys of the
tributaries of the Arkansas River, and of the Smoky Hill Fork of
the Kansas-Pasturage - The land between the desert hills and
the Rocky Mountains The Kansas River Valley of the Grand
River Timber - Coal Springs Council Grove The Grand
Prairie The Upper Arkansas Pawnee Rock The mirage
Table of distances from Independence City to Pawnee Rock The
Santa Fé trade - Southern Kansas ores - Settlements of Eastern
Kansas Kansas laws for the recognition of land claims In-
dians of Kansas "First right"-Table of distances from Fort
Riley to Missouri border- Military roads-Climate of Kansas
Nebraska,
CHAPTER XIX.
304
TABLE OF DISTANCES,
Viâ the principal thoroughfares, to the Great West
347
EARLY EMIGRATION TO THE WEST.
BARTON. SC.BUTTALO.X.Y.